基于激励机制的家庭能量系统优化策略研究

为缓解现有分时电价机制可能造成新的负荷高峰情况,提出了一种从负荷侧考虑的对电网调峰有贡献度的用电激励机制.首先建立各类家庭用电设备负荷模型、蓄电池负荷模型以及电动汽车充放电模型,其次提出从负荷侧间接调整电网峰谷差的激励机制模型,最后以用电成本与用户舒适度为目标函数,采用基于小生境的混沌粒子群优化算法求解多目标Pareto解.仿真结果表明,所提出的激励机制在满足舒适度要求的同时能显著降低用电成本与用电峰谷差,在一定程度上缓解了电网压力并提高其运行稳定性.     

基于V2G的电动汽车有序充放电控制策略

大规模电动汽车作为移动存储的电力负荷,其无序充电行为将会导致电网出现负荷峰谷差加大、负荷率降低等问题。文中分别从电网侧和用户侧的角度,研究基于车网互动(V2G,vehicle to grid)的电动汽车有序充放电控制策略。在电网侧以负荷曲线均方差最小为目标函数,在用户侧以电动汽车用户参与V2G获得的经济收益最大化为目标函数,并且考虑到电动汽车实际充放电功率、可用容量及用户日常设置等约束条件,采用粒子群优化算法进行仿真求解。分别以重庆2020年、2025年和2030年电动汽车有序充放电为例,对电动汽车在电网侧和用户侧的有序充放电进行优化控制仿真分析。算例结果表明,所提出的电网侧和用户侧电动汽车有序充放电优化控制模型能有效降低负荷峰谷差、平滑负荷曲线并为参与V2G服务的用户带来经济收益。     

基于电价响应模型的电动汽车充电优化策略

大量的电动汽车接入电网充电需要考虑经济效益和系统稳定性的影响,为了减少由于电动汽车的无序充电对配电网负荷引起的较大波动,提出了一种基于电价响应和电网激励的电动汽车有序充电优化策略。首先,在充分考虑用户的充电需求和电网安全运行的基础上,以负荷最小峰谷差为目标函数,采用遗传算法求取峰谷时段电动汽车充电数量最优解;其次,构建了电动汽车峰谷电价优化模型,建立了电动汽车充电数量与峰谷电价之间的关系,实现了电动汽车充电价格的最优定价机制;最后,考虑到充电站运营商实施分时电价前后的总收益不受损害,引入了电网公司为减少负荷峰谷差而给出的激励机制。通过对算例的分析,提出了基于电价引导的电动汽车有序充电策略,在降低了运营商的购电成本和用户充电成本的同时,实现了系统负荷削峰填谷的目的,验证了所提控制策略在节约能源方面具有有效性和合理性。     

考虑新能源消纳的电动汽车有序充电研究

针对大规模电动汽车无序充电对电网运行带来的影响和目前我国新能源消纳存在的问题,提出一种考虑新能源出力情况的动态分时电价策略,引导电动汽车有序充电以实现新能源的就地消纳.以用户充电总费用最低和电网负荷峰谷差最小为优化目标,综合考虑用户充电需求和新能源出力等约束条件,建立基于动态分时电价的多目标优化模型.通过算例仿真,验证了所提策略可降低电网负荷峰谷差和用户充电总费用,达到削峰填谷和消纳新能源的效果.     

煤改电背景下空气源热泵系统对电网负荷影响的模拟分析

在煤改电进程中,为减缓因规模化应用空气源热泵供暖对电网负荷造成的负面影响,模拟研究空气源热泵供暖系统对电网负荷的影响情况.以京郊地区400万用户的采暖用电为例,采用EnergyPlus能耗模拟软件分析供暖期不同阶段用户侧优化调控,以满足电网需求响应的可能及优势.研究结果表明:与空气源热泵直接供暖(ASHP)系统相比,空气源热泵蓄热(ASHP-HS)系统可大幅降低电网峰谷差,提高电网负载率,更有利于电网的稳定安全运行;尽管ASHP-HS系统的初投资较高,但其增加的成本部分的回收年限仅为3.5 a,具有更好的全生命周期经济性.     

基于优先级排序的用户侧电网调峰机制

传统的分时电价环境下,居民用户大量负荷转移至低电价时段,形成新的负荷高峰。为了缓解这一状况,提出了居民用户参与电网调峰的激励机制。以用户最小用电成本为目标函数,对家庭用电设备进行分类并建立数学模型;考虑调峰功率约束和补偿费用约束,运用改进的逼近理想解排序法（technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, TOPSIS）,并通过用户响应次数、响应功率等4个指标对每轮次参与调峰的用户进行优先级排序,最终确定参与调峰的用户名单。案例分析结果表明能够降低用户用电成本,减小系统的峰谷差。所提方法能够引导用户有序参与电网调峰,实现用户用电策略的优化。     

一种基于差分隐私的峰谷分时电价激励方案

针对智能电网系统峰值负荷差值过大、电力供给短缺等问题，提出了基于差分隐私的峰谷分时电价激励方案。方案将差分隐私和峰谷分时电价模型进行结合，在保证用户数据隐私的前提下对峰谷分时电价的定价策略进行优化。通过施行差异化的电价策略对用户的用电行为进行引导，激励用户形成错峰用电习惯，进而实现电力系统整体用电负荷的均衡。最后，通过实验对引入差分隐私后的数据效用进行分析，并对所提机制的运行效果进行评估。实验表明，本方案在实现电网整体用电负荷削峰填谷的同时对用户的数据隐私进行了保护。     

考虑用户舒适度补偿的空调负荷优化调度模型

通过对空调负荷这一类需求侧响应资源的调度,可以减轻分布式电源出力波动对电网运行的不利影响,促进可再生能源的消纳.本研究首先基于负荷聚合商的运行框架,分析了负荷聚合商的成本和效益,在负荷聚合商成本的组分中,提出了根据用户舒适度所确定的需求响应补偿策略;其次,本研究建立了空调负荷的温度变化模型;最后提出了空调负荷优化调度模型,该模型目标函数为空调负荷聚合商总收益最大,并考虑到了空调温度、风电波动以及聚合商收益约束.算例仿真结果表明,本研究提出的模型具有良好的经济效益,并提升了对分布式风电波动的平抑效果.     

考虑供需互动的含分布式电源配电网网架规划

通过分析供应侧电源出力特性和需求侧负荷响应特性,搭建了考虑DG主动管理和需求侧管理的配电网网架双层规划模型。上层以年初始投资成本最小化为目标函数,考虑了网络辐射状连通性约束;下层以综合运行成本最小化为目标函数,考虑了网络潮流、安全运行等约束。上下层模型分别采用Prim最小生成树算法及二阶锥规划法进行求解。最后结合某地区29节点配电网进行仿真验证,结果表明,该模型能有效促进DG消纳,提升含DG配电网规划的经济性。     

考虑需求响应和含储火电参与深度调峰的电力系统随机优化调度

随着“双碳”目标下我国能源结构的调整,可再生能源的大规模并网发电对系统运行灵活性提出了更高的要求,调峰能力不足,严重影响了系统运行的环保性和经济性。基于此,构建了考虑需求响应和含储火电参与深度调峰的随机优化调度模型。在需求侧引入价格响应增强用户参与负荷调节的主动性,以优化调整次日的负荷曲线,降低峰谷差。在火电侧配置储能,辅助火电机组进入深度调峰状态运行,以提升火电机组的调峰能力。同时考虑风光出力误差,构建基于机会约束条件的系统备用约束,采用随机模拟确定性转化方法。最后以可再生能源弃电率和系统运行成本最小两目标函数进行优化求解。仿真结果表明：所提方法有效提升了系统调峰能力,较常规调度方式而言,可再生能源的消纳率提高了4.27%,系统运行成本减少了5.37%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-