＂Nonwoven＂ Versus ＂Engineered Fabric＂： the Impact These Terms Have on the 15- to 25-Year-Old Females＇ Intent to Purchase

Since the fall of 2004, textile and apparel students at a United States public university have been designing apparel with nonwoven fabrics. Over the last two years, the students' designs have sparked interest in the industry which has begun to create new and innovative fabric designs. The industry, however, still struggles over the best name for the fabric. This sparked the research question, "What impact 15- to 25-year-old's intent to purchase a garment?"Through a convenience sampling method, an online questionnaire was distributed to 15- to 25-year-old United States females. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographics and psychographics, and asked respondents to choose garments they would intend to purchase based on known attributes such as style, brand,price, place, and fabrication and fiber content. There were a total of 14 garments, seven tops and seven bottoms. Four of these garments, two tops and two bottoms were constructed of nonwoven fabrics.The respondents accepted the nonwoven fabrics when shown in garments in an online setting. This demonstrates that visually, these fabrics are comparable to traditional woven and knit fabrics. The "nonwoven" polyester and nylon blend fabric increased in popularity when the respondents were told the fabrication and fiber content.However, the "engineered" polyester and polyethylene blend fabric dropped to last place when fabrication and fiber content were known. This indicates that 15- to 25-year-old respondents do not understand or are not interested in fibers or fabrications described as "engineered fabric" with a polyester/polyethylene blend. More research will have to be done to determine if the fabrication term "engineered fabric"or if the polyester/polyethylene blend fiber content caused a lack of interest or decreased intent to purchase.Research has currently begun to determine the right combination of fiber content and fiber size to develop a nonwoven fabric with an acceptable hand for apparel fabrics.     

前瞻晶体硅太阳能电池未来产业化——高效N型背结前接触和背结背接触晶体硅太阳能电池

文章综述了N型背结背接触和背结前接触晶体硅太阳能电池的研究和产业化的最新进展.从原理上阐述了N型背结背接触电池高效率的原因.从研究的角度,综述和点评了国际上几个研究小组在N型背结前接触晶体硅电池方面的研究工作.论述了丝网印刷Al烧结法制备N型背结背接触电池方面的研究进展.     

耐久性、耐洗涤性黑色导电织物的研制

本文试验了一种简易方法制备具有一定耐久性、耐洗涤性的黑色导电织物。试验采用混酸对乙炔炭黑表面进行氧化改性处理,制得稳定易上染的水分散体系,再采用浸染法和溶胶法对织物进行上染。探讨了混酸改性上染织物的最佳用量。研究了水洗摩擦对电阻率的影响,实验表明：在采用18ml混酸对乙炔炭黑进行改性后,浸染法制得的织物上染量最多,达到0.12gg-1,所得织物的导电性能、耐久性、和耐洗性好。按照本法所得到的织物其抗静电性能接近国外相应产品的性能,具有巨大的市场应用价值。     

夏季服装面料的舒适性研究

通过人工气倏条件下的人体穿着试验，探讨了出汗对夏季服装面料舒适性的影响。研究表明在人体没有出汗的条件下，柔软度是影响夏季服装面料舒适性的主要因素。在人体出汗的条件下，服装面料的舒适性普遍降低，其中涤纶面料的舒适性降低最为显著，主要原因是由于涤纶纤维的吸湿性差。     

高红外透过性UHMWPE/锦纶复合微孔织物的制备

将超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(ultrahigh relative molecular weight polyethylene,UHMWPE)溶解后与锦纶6网格布热压复合,采用热致相分离法制得UHMWPE/锦纶复合微孔织物。研究了UHMWPE相对分子质量和质量分数对复合织物厚度、水通量、透气率和水蒸气透过率的影响,并研究了复合织物对紫外光、可见光及红外光的透过性能,计算了复合织物对人体发射红外波段范围内的红外透过率。研究结果表明,采用UHMWPE相对分子质量为100万或400万,质量分数为5%~10%时,其与锦纶6网格布复合形成的微孔织物在波长7~14μm内的加权平均红外透过率达95%以上,且均具有较好的透气性、透湿性和满足服用织物需要的力学性能,同时,该复合织物对紫外光和可见光均有较好的遮蔽性能,可用作凉爽织物。     

Method of Stabilizing the Surface Energy of Fabrics Coated with Silicone

Silicone coatings have been used in this study. The method adopted was the liquid drop analysis on the coated fabrics. The contact angle between a liquid drop and the fabric surface was measured with two liquids continuously and recorded by a computer. The surface energy was calculated by means of Owens method. Kinetic measurement was adopted. The contact angle of liquids on the fabric coated silicone decreased with time was found. A compound solution DX has been found, so that the contact angle of the liquids on the fabric washed with DX becomes constant, and the surface energy of the fabric can be reduced to below 15 mJ/m2.     

Factors Influencing Anti-ultraviolet Performance of Undyed-woven Fabrics

Main factors influencing anti-ultraviolet performance of woven fabrics are investigated. By means of detailed arrangement of sample design, sample making, testing and analyzing, it shows that fiber materials, fabric compactness, fabric weave and yarn type are the four important factors influencing anti-UV performance of woven fabric, but with different effects. Among them fiber material is the most important factor. For the common fiber materials used, it shows that the anti-UV performance of polyester is comparatively better than others. Once fiber material is determined, fabric with medium float weave and high compactness can offer a good anti-UV performance. The anti-UV performance of fabric with ＂anti-UV＂ filament yarn is better than that with ＂anti-UV＂ staple yarn. The anti-UV property of fabrics with untwisted filament yams is better than that with twist counterparts.     

An Improved Heat Transfer Model for Flame Resistant Fabric Used in Thermal Protective Clothing

An improved numerical heat transfer model considering pyrolysis effect is proposed to predict thermal performance of heat-resistant fabric subjected to radiant heat flux. The model incorporates the heat-induced changes in fabric thermophysical properties. The new model has been validated with data from modified Radiant Protective Performance （RPP） tests of flame-resistant cotton fabrics. Comparison with experimental data shows that the predictions of mass loss rates and temperature profiles within the charring material and skin simulant are in reasonably good agreement with the experiments. Results from the numerical model contribute to a better understanding of the heat transfer process within flame-resistant fabrics under high heat flux conditions, and also to establish a systematic method for analyzing heat transfer in other fibrous materials applications.     

服装系统中液态水在不同织物间的传导机理

研究液态水在服装系统中不同织物间的传导，实验表明服装系统中的第一层，第二层织物的性能以及它们相接触的方式均对液体的传导量产生影响，双面的Aquator织物为第一层织物时的服装系统比其他织物所能传导的液体量多，在服装系统中引入保暖层对液体的传导量有不同的影响，在以Aquator织物为第一层织物的服装系统中引入保暖层也将提高液体的总体导量。     

单向导湿纤维及织物的研究进展

单向导湿织物是一种可实现液态水单向传导的功能性纤维集合体,用于具有人体热湿舒适性服装的设计与开发。从织物的单向导湿原理、单向导湿织物的纤维选择和制备方法3个方面详细阐述了单向导湿织物的研究进展,总结了单向导湿织物的主要制备方法,包括结构设计、化学整理、等离子处理、静电纺丝技术和光催化处理,对这5种制备方法的优缺点进行了评述。根据传统单向导湿织物在研究中存在的问题,提出应结合后处理整理技术并加入具有特殊用途的涂层添加剂,开发出多功能的单向导湿织物,进一步拓宽其应用领域。     

针织物间液体传导的机理研究

外部压力对液体在织物间传导有很大的影响，较高的压力能触发液体在织物间传导的发生。至于外部压力对织物间液体传导速度的影响，则存在一个压力最佳值，在最佳压力值下，织物间液体的传导最快。湿层织物初始含水量高则明显地增加了织物间液体的传导量。由于单面毛绒织物的两面具有不同的毛细管尺寸，当干层织物的光面与湿层织物的光面和毛面分别接触时，液体在织物间发生转移，传导量前者大于后者；当干层织物的毛面与湿层织物的光面和毛面分别接触时，织物间没有液体转移现象发生。     

Preparation of TiO2 Coated on Fabrics and Their Photocatalytic Reactivity

Nanoscale titanium dioxide functional films were prepared on the surface of the cotton woven fabric and the polyester knitted fabric at room temperature by Radio Frequency （RF） magnetron sputtering process. The surface microstructure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Photocatalytic property of two treated fabrics was tested in solar and ultraviolet （UV） radiation respectively, and their photocatalytic activity was compared. The results showed that the nanoscale titanium dioxide deposited on the surface of the treated fabrics was at different anastasia phase. The treated fabrics have excellent photocatalytic property, and after 30 launderings, the photocatalytic activity still maintained at a high level. Also, it indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the treated fabrics in UV radiation was higher than in solar radiation, but the effect wasn＇t very distinct. And at the same experimental magnetron sputtering parameters, the cotton coated with the nanoscale titanium dioxide showed better performance than the polyester fabric coated with the nanoscale titanium dioxide in terms of the photocatalytic property.     

IN RELATION TO CLOTHING COMFORT DYNAMIC MOISTURE TRANSFER THROUGH FABRICS

A sweating apparatus has been developed to permit simultaneous measurement for fabric temperature change and relative humidity change at outer still air layer of fabrics. In this paper, we compared the temperature and relative humidity changes for silk fabrics with polyester fabrics and got GM(1,P) relation models respectively between maximum fabric temperature change, maximum relative humidity change at outer still air layer and relative fabric character parameters. Furthermore, by comparing the objective experiments with subjective wear trials, it is found that the amounts of the change rate of fabric temperature and relative humidity at outer still layer are the most important factors which influence clothing comfort in dynamic moisture transfer condition. The more the changes of temperature and R.H., the more the mugginess and the thermal sensation.     

化学镀法制备电磁屏蔽聚酯织物的研究

为开发具有电磁屏蔽作用的织物,采用化学镀法制备了具有电磁屏蔽性能的聚酯类化纤织物,并研究了化学处理方法——碱减量处理对涤纶织物表面化学镀层的性能及化学镀后织物的电磁屏蔽性能的影响。研究表明,在20g/LNaOH溶液中处理既可使纤维表面形成微观凹坑,增大比表面积,又可改非极性的疏水表面为亲水表面,提高表面活性,提高敏化和活化时金属离子和金属在纤维表面的吸附性,在化学镀过程中使基体与金属形成平整的结合。碱减量处理2～3h有利于提高镀层与织物结合牢度,并使镀层光亮均匀,电磁屏蔽性能更加优异。     

Magnetic fabrics in fault-related fold and its relation with finite strain: an example from Mingjiang thrust structures in Western Sichuan

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a quick, effective and sensitive technique used to measure the weakly deformed sedimentary rocks, and also a reliable method to reveal the deforming mechanisms of fault-related folds. In Longmenshan front belt, a typical cross-section of fault-related folds is chosen to study the AMS. A total of 224 oriented specimens have been drilled at 23 different sampling sites which were distributed at the key structural positions of this structural section developed in the Xujiahe formation of the upper Triassic. Six elementary types of magnetic fabrics are recognized and established through this AMS study: 1) a sedimentary fabric; 2) an initial deformation fabric; 3) a pencil structure fabric; 4) a weak cleavage fabric; 5) a strong cleavage fabric; 6) a stretching lineation fabric. It has been found that most of magnetic fabrics are characterized by fabrics of weak deformation which belong to the pure-shear results of a pre-folding layer parallel shortening (LPS). In the fault-bend fold, almost all magnetic fabrics are the initial deformation fabrics of weak deformation, and denote that the deformation in the forelimb is stronger than that in the backlimb and no finite strain is shown in the footwall. While in the fault-propagation fold， finite strains are concentrated in the trishear zone where magnetic fabric results are approximately consistent with the estimated consequences of the kinematic model. The tectonic stress field indicated by the magnetic fabrics is basically the same along the whole structural section and shows a NW to SE compression and shortening which is accordant with the regional compressive stress field of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt.     

Magnetic fabrics in fault-related fold and its relation with finite strain: an example from Mingjiang thrust structures in Western Sichuan

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a quick, effective and sensitive technique used to measure the weakly deformed sedimentary rocks, and also a reliable method to reveal the deforming mechanisms of fault-related folds. In Longmenshan front belt, a typical cross-section of fault-related folds is chosen to study the AMS. A total of 224 oriented specimens have been drilled at 23 different sampling sites which were distributed at the key structural positions of this structural section developed in the Xujiahe formation of the upper Triassic. Six elementary types of magnetic fabrics are recognized and established through this AMS study: Da sedimentary fabric; 2) an initial deformation fabric; 3) a pencil structure fabric; 4) a weak cleavage fabric; 5) a strong cleavage fabric; 6) a stretching lineation fabric. It has been found that most of magnetic fabrics are characterized by fabrics of weak deformation which belong to the pure-shear results of a pre-folding layer parallel shortening (LPS). In the fault-bend fold, almost all magnetic fabrics are the initial deformation fabrics of weak deformation, and denote that the deformation in the forelimb is stronger than that in the backlimb and no finite strain is shown in the footwall. While in the fault-propagation fold, finite strains are concentrated in the trishear zone where magnetic fabric results are approximately consistent with the estimated consequences of the kinematic model. The tectonic stress field indicated by the magnetic fabrics is basically the same along the whole structural section and shows a NW to SE compression and shortening which is accordant with the regional compressive stress field of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt.     

Innovative Principle and Method for Digital Jacquard Fabric Designing

Digital jacquard fabric has its design concept and method directly borrowed from computer images and color modes, which enabled creation of jacquard fabric design that is far beyond what freehand patterns can express. In this paper, the principles of digital jacquard fabric design were classified into two parts: colorless mode and colorful mode, and an innovative layered combination design method has been suggested contenting with this new design concept, by which digital jacquard fabric can be designed from colorless single-layer structure to colorful compound structure. As a result, designed colorless and colorful jacquard fabrics are capable of expressing picturesque and photo-realistic effects with a mega level color number on face of fabric. It is envisaged that the results of the study are of tremendous benefit to the creation of new jacquard fabric ith an inimitable digital effect and this creation pose no problem in mass production.     

Shrinkage Properties of Wool and Acrylic/Wool Plain Knitted Fabrics Treated with DC109

This paper examines the effects of shrink - resist treatment, washing cycle and fabric tightness on the shrinkage properties of plain knitted fabrics made from 100% wool, acrylic/wool (50/50) and acrylic/wool (70/30). It was found that shrinkages of both treated and untreated wool fabrics were negatively correlated to fabric tightness and exceeded the IWS shrinkage limits (5% in length and 8 % in area) after 2 - 5A washing cycle. The effect of tightness was not as obvious with acrylic/wool (A/W) fabrics, but the shrinkage was seen to increase with stages of washing cycle for untreated A/W fabrics with some exceeding IWS standard. By applying the DC 109 shrink - resist solvent treatment, it was identified that by with higher percentage of acrylic fibre blended with wool, shrinkage could be reduced considerably and within acceptable limits.     

Monte Carlo方法用于就地γ辐射源项调查与剂量评估

基于Monte Carlo通用软件EGS4,开发了用于就地γ辐射源项调查与剂量评估目的的Monte Carlo应用程序Sterm-MC。该软件运行于Windows 98操作系统,具有图形化用户界面,主要由探测器特性数据库、源描述模块、几何描述模块、谱模拟分析、源项与剂量估算等模块组成。它可以对高纯锗(HPGe)、碲锌镉(CdZnTe)两种半导体探测器提供多种源、几何条件下的无源效率刻度;同时依据无源效率刻度数据,进行辐射源项反算与剂量估算。结合物理实验对Sterm-MC进行验证后,该软件已在中国某核电站检修期间的职业照射源项调查中得到了应用,所验证的探测器包括N型、P型两种同轴型高纯锗探测器和碲锌镉探测器。     

精纺毛织物的结构区域和设计方法

本文根据大量精纺毛织物规格,借鉴集合概念,运用统计方法定出了各类精纺毛织物的结构区域;对同类产品而组织不同的织物,提出了织物结构参数之间的换算关系;并提出了根据精纺毛织物的结构区域、重量要求,运用流线图以确定毛织物上机规格的方法。