纳豆激酶基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

纳豆激酶是一种良好的天然蛋白酶类溶栓物质。国内外许多学者对该酶进行了基因工程研究,但在克隆表达过程中出现了许多长短不同的基因片段。本研究通过原产日本的优质纳豆中分离鉴定出高产纳豆杆菌N07并提取该菌株的全基因组;通过PCR手段扩增出能编码纳豆激酶信号肽,前导肽和成熟肽的前纳豆激酶酶原基因NK1,以及能编码纳豆激酶成熟肽的纳豆激酶基因NK2,构建了纳豆激酶基因的表达载体pET30a-NK1和pET30a-NK2,转化E.coli BL21后在大肠杆菌中表达,并进行了活性分析。结果发现,纳豆激酶酶原基因片段NK1能成功表达出有活性的分泌型纳豆激酶;而纳豆激酶基因片段NK2的表达产物为无活性的包涵体。在对NK1和NK2的比较研究后可知,纳豆激酶酶原基因片段NK1能在大肠杆菌中很好的分泌表达,这将为纳豆激酶基因工程的深入研究奠定基础。     

重组纳豆激酶的分离纯化及酶学性质的初步研究

将已构建好的表达载体pTYB102转化大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导,表达出以可溶形式存在的有活性的纳豆激酶．首先对表达条件进行优化,最佳诱导温度是15℃,最佳诱导时间是10h．然后将离心收集到的菌体通过超声波破碎、硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100柱层析以及冷冻干燥等步骤进行分离纯化,得到电泳纯的有溶栓活性的纳豆激酶．冷冻干燥品在SDS—PAGE上呈一条蛋白质带．纯化倍数35倍,纯酶比活1147．54．该酶的最适反应条件是45℃,pH8．0．酶活性在pH6．0～11．0,55℃以下稳定．     

纳豆激酶基因重组表达载体的构建及其稳定性

利用PCR方法从分泌纳豆激酶的纳豆杆菌基因组DN中扩增纳豆激酶基因,将该基因克隆到表达载体PBV220上,筛选重组子,通过限制性内切酶和PCR技术分析,初步确定该重组子所携外源基因为纳豆激酶基因,用凝块溶解时间法（CLT）测出表达产物具有溶解血栓活性,证明该基因可在大肠杆菌中表达,对重组菌中重组质粒的稳定性进行研究,结果表明质粒的插入对宿主菌的生长没有太大影响,该质粒在宿主菌中具有良好的分离稳定性,但结构稳定性较差,SDS-PAGE分析结果表明基因产物为分泌型,蛋白表达量占菌体蛋白的12%左右。     

纳豆激酶基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

构建pPICZαA-NK重组质粒，并转化入E.coli TOP-10中，得到转纳豆激酶基因工程菌，提取重组质粒经单酶切，双酶切，PCR分析及序列测定，证明克隆到载体pPICZαA上的外源基因即为纳豆激酶基因，将重组质粒pPICZαA-NK线性化后，分别转化毕赤酵母GS115与KM71，在含Zeocin^TM的选择性YEPD平板筛选到重组酵母，经检测重组酵母发酵上清液中具纳豆激酶溶纤活性，SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明外源蛋白的表达量占菌体蛋白的10%左右。     

史氏鲟（Acipenser schrenckii）两种促性腺激素β亚基的原核表达

 采用遗传工程方法,重组表达史氏鲟两种促性腺激素β亚基蛋白。选用原核表达载体pET－22b(+),分别插入史氏鲟GtHⅠ&;Ⅱβ亚基成熟肽cDNA序列,构建成C端含有6个组氨酸(6-His)融合蛋白标签的表达质粒;分别转化大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21（DE3）并诱导表达2个基因。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示重组融合蛋白相对分子质量分别为：GtHⅠβ亚基大约14 000,GtHⅡβ亚基15 000左右。分别用抗6个组氨酸融合标签的单克隆抗体及兔抗鲟鱼GTH多克隆抗体对2个表达蛋白进行Western Blot分析,结果显示重组蛋白表达正确且有较高的免疫活性。GTHⅠβ重组蛋白在2 h就有明显的表达,6 h后随着时间增加表达量不再增加;25 ℃诱导重组蛋白产量比37 ℃诱导产量低。获得的重组蛋白质将可用于建立鲟鱼GtH的放射免疫测定方法。     

重组人普兰林肽原核表达载体的构建及表达

目的构建人普兰林肽基因原核表达载体,并诱导其在大肠杆菌中大量高效表达。方法将胰淀素25位的丙氨酸、28位的丝氨酸和29位的丝氨酸用脯氨酸代替,选用大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子对天然胰淀素碱基序列进行修饰,通过化学合成的方式合成了普兰林肽基因片段,经Kpn I、Hind III双酶切后插入p ET-39b(+)载体,构建p ET-39b+[Pramlintide]重组质粒,转化BL21(λDE3)菌株,筛选重组子,并经IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达。结果构建的普兰林肽基因插入载体位置正确,且序列测定结果与预期一致;在37℃条件下,经0.1 mmol/L IPTG诱导后3 h,重组蛋白表达量最高,且重组蛋白主要存在于胞质蛋白中。结论成功构建重组人普兰林肽原核表达载体,并诱导其在大肠杆菌得以表达,为进一步工业化制备普兰林肽奠定了基础。     

hIL-10在大肠杆菌中的表达及其生物学活性鉴定

构建了含有人白细胞介素-hIL-10（Human Interleukin10，hIL-10）基因的重组质粒，在大肠杆菌中的高效表达，并对其生物学活性进行了鉴定．用RT-PCR扩增hIL-10 cDNA，并插入原核表达载体PET-32b．将重组质粒转入BL21（DE3）感受态细胞，在37℃用IPTG诱导hIL-10表达．表达的重组蛋白经复性纯化后，用夹心ELISA法检测其对外周血单核细胞（PBMC）合成IFN-γ的抑制作用．重组质粒PET-32b／hIL-10的DNA序列分析显示，克隆的DNA序列和文献报道的hIL-10 cDNA序列一致．SDS-PAGE表明，重组蛋白相对分子质量为18000．活性测定结果显示，重组蛋白能显著抑制PBMC合成IFN-γ．这表明构建的PET-32b／hIL-10可以在大肠杆菌中高效表达，经复性和纯化后，获得了具有高纯度和活性的hIL-10     

鸭病原性大肠杆菌I型及P型菌毛表达条件的研究

为探讨鸭病原性大肠杆菌Ⅰ型及P菌毛在体外的表达条件,用三株分别带有Ⅰ型菌毛编码基因（fim＋）,Ⅰ型和P型菌毛编码基因（fim＋／papA＋）和P型菌毛编码基因（papA＋）的鸭病原性大肠杆菌SWY-098、SWY-009、SWY-027菌株,通过对鸡、鸭和豚鼠RBC的MSHA和MRHA试验,分别从培养温度、培养时间和培养基三个方面对菌毛在体外的表达进行优化．结果表明：三株鸭病原性大肠杆菌在37℃表达菌毛,在18℃不表达菌毛;用BBL培养基37℃静止培养48h是Ⅰ型和P型菌毛在体外表达最适宜条件．     

融合聚精氨酸九肽的小热休克蛋白 原核表达及蛋白纯化

目的构建小热休克蛋白-聚精氨酸九肽融合蛋白的原核表达载体,表达纯化融合蛋白.方法在小热休克蛋白表达载体的基础上利用点突变方法引入聚精氨酸九肽对应序列,转入BL21大肠杆菌感受态细胞进行原核表达,利用亲和层析方法对表达蛋白进行纯化.结果成功构建了融合聚精氨酸九肽的HSP16. 5融合蛋白表达载体,并对其在大肠杆菌细胞中的原核表达进行条件优化,研究显示:在诱导剂IPTG浓度为0. 5 mmol、37℃条件下诱导4 h目的蛋白产量较高.结论此实验成功构建了小热休克蛋白-聚精氨酸九肽融合蛋白的原核表达载体,得到了高纯度的小热休克蛋白-聚精氨酸九肽融合蛋白,为进一步研究其功能奠定基础.     

A型口蹄疫病毒VP1免疫活性肽基因串联片段的化学合成及克隆与表达

A型口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）VP1蛋白的141～160和200～213位氨基酸序列是决定FMDV免疫原性的抗原决定簇片断．人工合成一个免疫活性肽基因的串连片段（20AA－14AA-20AA）、全部选用大肠杆菌偏爱密码子．在5’端带有EcoR1位点和一个起始密码子ATG，在3’端带有BamH1位点和一个终止密码子TGA．利用这两个酶切位点把该基因连接到pWR590质粒上．并筛选高表达的菌株．结果表明该融合蛋白在大肠杆菌JM101中能高表达．经斑点ELISA实验证明．大肠杆菌细胞中表达的融合蛋白有A型FMDV抗原活性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the