高速锁相环的核心部件压控振荡器的设计

提出了高速锁相环的核心部件压控振荡器（VCO）的一种设计方案，该VCO采用环路振荡器结构，主要由3级电流模驱动逻辑（CSL）反相器延迟单元、Cascode偏置电路以及输出缓冲整形电路这3大部分组成。仿真结果表明采用了CSL结构作为延时单元的压控振荡器具有良好的线性度，较宽的线性范围以及高的工作频率。     

高抗电源噪声的低时钟抖动VCO设计

设计了一种基于电流舵逻辑(CSL)架构的环型压控振荡器(VCO),对传统的共源共栅结构偏置电路作了进一步的改善,增加了一个电压增益较大的放大器构成有源负反馈,以提高抗电源噪声的能力.采用和舰0.18μm双阱CMOS工艺对传统结构VCO和改进后的VCO进行对比仿真,在频率为20MHz、峰-峰值为200mV的高频电源噪声下,传统结构VCO的峰-峰抖动和均方根抖动分别为54.135ps和19.454ps,而改进结构VCO的相应值分别为27.442ps和9.196ps,抗抖动性能大大提高.改进结构VCO的输出频率为650MHz,占空比约为52%,中心控制电压0.9V对应的增益为962.16MHz/V,线性度良好,在1.8V的直流电源下功耗仅为0.7mW左右.     

一种新型低压低功耗伪差分环形压控振荡器设计

基于交叉耦合技术提出了一种新型低压低功耗伪差分环形压控振荡器(VCO).电路整体包括新型伪差分环形压控振荡器、输出整形缓冲(buffer)电路两个部分.在VCO电路中采用了尾电流源控制的反相器为基本延时单元,实现了一种新型低压低功耗伪差分环形振荡器设计,并采用线性化技术改善调节线性度.利用输出buffer对VCO输出波形进行整形,消除了这种结构下输出摆幅受到尾电流源影响而不能达到轨到轨摆幅的限制.基于0.13μm标准CMOS工艺,利用cadence spectre进行仿真验证,前仿真结果表明在电源电压为1.2V时,该VCO相位噪声为-100.58dBc/Hz@1 MHz,功耗为0.92mW,在0.45~1V的电压范围内,频率调谐范围宽达0.303~1.63GHz,具有非常好的调节线性度,在电源电压为1V时仍然能正常工作.     

可用于快速稳定PLL的低时钟抖动VCO设计

设计了一种基于电流控制逻辑（CSL）架构的650MHz环型压控振荡器(VCO),对传统的共源共栅结构偏置电路作了进一步的改善,加了一个电压增益较大的放大器构成有源负反馈以提高抗电源噪声的能力.同时也提出了一种阻尼因子控制电路结构,使该VCO可用于快速稳定的锁相环(PLL).该VCO采用和舰0.18μm双阱CMOS工艺仿真,在频率为20MHz、峰—峰值为200mV的高频电源噪声下,其峰-峰抖动和RMS抖动分别为22.649ps和7.793ps。该VCO输出频率为650MHz,占空比约为52%,增益(Kvco)为925.88MHz/V,线性度良好,在1.8V的直流电源下功耗约为0.7mw。     

低噪声宽复盖压控振荡器的设计

介绍了低噪声宽复盖压控振荡器 VCO的设计思路 ,给出了设计中参数的合理取值范围 ,对 VCO的设计方法进行了阐述 ,并对其相位噪声进行了分析 ,同时结合实际 ,设计了实用的VCO,并给出了 VCO的特性曲线图。     

基于MOS电容的压控振荡器设计

传统的环形压控振荡器通常是利用控制电阻的方式来达到压控振荡的效果。文章利用容性耦合电流放大器作为压控振荡器的基本反馈单元,并在输出端增加MOS电容来控制振荡频率;分析了利用饱和区的MOS电容特性来实现压控的方法,并采用Smartspice软件和0.6μm CMOS工艺参数对该压控振荡器进行了模拟;结果表明,这种方法对电路的静态工作点影响很小,输出交流波形的频率稳定度高,有良好的线性调谐特性,达到了预期的效果。     

OTA-C压控振荡器的分析与设计

本详细分析了OTA—C压控振荡器的原理，并设计了一个用于OTA—C滤波器自动调谐系统的OTA—C压控振荡器，该振荡器的频率调谐范围在2MHz到50MHz之间．其中线性部分为4MHz～20MHz，其压控增益为62．89MHz／V。     

一种新颖的正交输出伪差分环形VCO的设计

设计了一种基于标准0.18 μm CMOS工艺的4级延迟单元的全差分环形压控振荡器.提出了一种新颖的环形振荡器电路结构,通过结合控制耦合强度与改变负载电阻值的方法,改善了单一技术在有限的电压范围内的调谐线性度,实现整个电压范围内的高调谐线性度;采用双通路技术提高了振荡频率,同时运用交叉耦合正反馈减少输出电平翻转时间,改善相位噪声特性,提高性能.后仿真结果表明,在电源电压为1.8V时,VCO的中心频率为2.8 GHz,核心电路的功耗为18.36 mW,调谐范围为2.05 GHz～3.35 GHz,当频率为2.8 GHz时,相位噪声为-89.6 dBc/Hz@1 MHz.     

一个1.5V低相位噪声的高频率LC压控振荡器的设计

介绍了一种适用于DCC-1800系统的压控振荡器的设计,中心频率为3．6GHz．分析并比较了三种降低相位噪声的方法并进行了仿真验证,然后阐述了3．6GHz压控振荡器器件尺寸的优化分析．采用电感电容滤波技术降低相位噪声,在偏离中心频率600kHz处,仿真得到相位噪声为-117dBc／Hz,调谐范围达到26．7％．VCO电路在1．5V电压下工作,静态电流为6mA．     

一种线性化轨对轨调节压控振荡器设计

为了解决控制电压范围小、调谐增益过大导致压控振荡器（voltage controlled oscillator, VCO）对控制线噪声抗干扰能力弱的问题，设计了一种高度线性化轨对轨频率调节的压控振荡器。采用SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺，设计了电压转电流电路实现控制电压与电流饥渴型振荡器尾电流的轨到轨线性转化，进而实现振荡频率的轨到轨线性调节；并且利用缓冲器优化振荡波形以适应锁相环系统应用。Cadence Spectre仿真结果表明，振荡器在1.8 V的轨对轨控制电压范围内都具有很好的线性，调谐增益为183 MHz/V，频率范围为0.89～1.22 GHz，中心频率1.06 GHz，功耗仅有227.8μW。本文设计适用于锁相环的集成应用，可为压控振荡器的设计提供支持。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to