烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

商贸英语专业教学方法研究

商贸英语课程的教学方法应当采取以学生为主体的教学模式,这种教学模式包括:以角色体验为主的"体验式"教学模式,以小组讨论为主的"合作式"教学模式,以课堂竞赛来激发学习热情的"竞赛式"教学模式,以实地调研为主的"实践式"教学模式,以解答学生疑问为主的"问题式"教学模式,以学生需求来选择课堂内容的"菜单式"教学模式。     

大跨度空间网格结构风荷载数值模拟方法

根据谐波叠加法和线性滤波法的基本原理,采用MATLAB语言编写程序分别实现了常规谐波叠加法及其改进的快速傅里叶变换算法和插值算法以及线性滤波法的自回归法对大跨度空间网格结构风速时程的数值模拟,并模拟了2个工程实例的风速时程.结果表明:对于大跨度空间网格结构,不同风速时程模拟方法计算效率从高到低的顺序依次为快速傅里叶变换算法、插值算法、自回归法和常规谐波叠加法,计算精度从高到低的顺序依次为常规谐波叠加法、快速傅里叶变换算法、自回归法和插值算法.综合考虑计算效率和计算精度,快速傅里叶变换算法最适合应用于大跨度空间网格结构的风速模拟.     

共轭梯度法和最速下降法的混合算法

将共轭梯度法与最速下降法有机地结合起来,构造了一种共轭梯度法和最速下降法的混合算法,并证明了该算法的全局收敛．混合算法既提高了共轭梯度算法的收敛速度,又解决了目标函数“性态不优”时,最速下降法难以求解的问题．同时也可以看到共轭梯度法与最速下降法仅仅是混合算法的特例．     

纳米材料的液相制备技术及其进展

综述了液相法制备纳米材料的几种方法 ,这些方法包括溶胶——凝胶法、沉淀法、水热法、微乳液法、γ-辐射法、声化学合成法、模板合成法、喷雾热分解法等 .分别讨论了这些制备方法中影响纳米材料结构和性能的因素及其优缺点 .指出了辐射法、微乳液法等几种方法结合起来将是制备纳米材料的新思路 .     

浅析几种含氰废水的处理方法

简述了氰化物及其危害,重点介绍了几种常用的含氰废水处理方法的原理及特点,包括碱性氯化法、硫酸亚铁法、过氧化氢氧化法、臭氧处理法、电解法、加热水解法、离子交换法及微生物处理法等。     

建筑构件热阻计算方法

针对空心砌块平均热阻理论计算方法的简单近似性,分析了其计算结果的不确定性,提出用CFD数值模拟、采用有限体积法的计算方法分析建筑构件的热工性能.并分别运用热流计法与热箱法对某内插保温层混凝土空心砌块进行热阻测试,以检验理论计算方法与数值模拟计算方法的准确性.通过理论计算、数值模拟及试验验证分析得到:采用理论计算方法分析建筑构件热工性能具有不确定性,所得结果与热流计法和热箱法的试验结果误差分别为36.6％和33.8％;采用CFD数值模拟方法计算结果误差分别为0.3％和2.4％,表明该方法对建筑构件热工性能的计算不仅能够满足精度要求,还具有应用范围广、结果直观等优点.     

Haebara等值方法及其加权准则

项目反应理论（IRT）框架下的等值,目前比较流行的有Stocking-Lord方法和Haebara方法,即使对于相同的项目参数和能力参数,这两种等值方法计算出的等值系数也是不相同的.受Pearson卡方检验的启发,文中导出一种新的求取等值系数方法,即：加权等值方法（Weighted criterion,Wcrit）,它实际上是Haebara准则的加权式.Monte-Carlo模拟结果表明：Stocking-Lord方法和Haebara方法的表现各有千秋,而通常情况下,加权等值方法比Haebara方法表现更优.     

间接原子吸收分析技术

介绍近几年间接原子吸收分析的新进展，包括沉淀法、络合法、杂多酸法、氧化还原法、置换法、增感法、干扰法，并展望了间接原子吸收分析的发展方向。     

无约束优化问题新的谱共轭梯度法(英文)

通过结合牛顿法与PRP谱共轭梯度法提出一新的谱共轭梯度法.该方法为下降方法且为Birgin谱共轭梯度法与PRP共轭梯度法的线性组合.在适当的假设下算法全局收敛.     

运用"时空定位系统指导法"指导困难就业群体就业的设想

为适应就业市场新机制的要求,强化对困难就业群体的职业指导,提出“时空定位系统指导法”。时空定位系统指导法由融为一体的时空思维法、定位分析法和系统调适法组成。时空思维法是认知困难就业群体的理性思维方法,定位分析法是分析困难就业群体的技术应用方法,系统调适法是指导困难就业群体的对症治疗方法。