在垂直和任意方向磁场中的六角形超导网络相边界

给出了在垂直外磁场和任意方向外磁场中的七节点六角形超导网络相边的精确解析表达式,由此表达式求出了两种情况下的六角形网络的相边界,得到了在任意方向外磁场中的网络相边界Ｔｃ（Ｈ）是以敏感和复杂的方式依赖于磁场大小和方向,并对相边界Ｔｃ（Ｈ）这些特性的某些应用给予了讨论。     

Molecular orbital study on antiferromagnetic coupling mechanism in a silver (I) complex

Typically, magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers through diamagnetic metal ions are negligibly small or weakly antiferromagnetic[1]. However, it has been proven that some metal complexes with organic radical ligands, in which the metal ions are diamagnetic, mediate substantial magnetic interactions. For example, metal complexes with semiquinones[2―4] show that a variety of magnetic interactions depend on metal ions and coordina-tion geometries, and the magnitude of the magnetic i…     

Hidden magnetism and quantum criticality in the heavy fermion superconductor CeRhIn5

With only a few exceptions that are well understood, conventional superconductivity does not coexist with long-range magnetic order (for example, ref. 1). Unconventional superconductivity, on the other hand, develops near a phase boundary separating magnetically ordered and magnetically disordered phases. A maximum in the superconducting transition temperature T(c) develops where this boundary extrapolates to zero Kelvin, suggesting that fluctuations associated with this magnetic quantum-critical point are essential for unconventional superconductivity. Invariably, though, unconventional superconductivity masks the magnetic phase boundary when T < T(c), preventing proof of a magnetic quantum-critical point. Here we report specific-heat measurements of the pressure-tuned unconventional superconductor CeRhIn5 in which we find a line of quantum-phase transitions induced inside the superconducting state by an applied magnetic field. This quantum-critical line separates a phase of coexisting antiferromagnetism and superconductivity from a purely unconventional superconducting phase, and terminates at a quantum tetracritical point where the magnetic field completely suppresses superconductivity. The T --> 0 K magnetic field-pressure phase diagram of CeRhIn5 is well described with a theoretical model developed to explain field-induced magnetism in the high-T(c) copper oxides, but in which a clear delineation of quantum-phase boundaries has not been possible. These experiments establish a common relationship among hidden magnetism, quantum criticality and unconventional superconductivity in copper oxides and heavy-electron systems such as CeRhIn5.     

Molecular orbital study on antiferromagnetic coupling mechanism in a silver （Ⅰ） complex

The mechanism of antiferromagnetic coupling in an Ag （Ⅰ） complex of nitronyl nitroxide is investigated by means of the broken-symmetry approach within the density functional method （DFT-BS）. The magneto-structural correlation and the single-occupied molecular orbital （SOMO） analysis reveal the existence of the antiferromagnetic coupling pathway along nitronyl nitroxide units via Ag （Ⅰ） ion, and that the Ag （Ⅰ） ion plays an important bridge role. The spin population analysis also shows the existence of spin delocalization along the ONCNO-Ag-ONCNO chain. It is found that the non-typical covalent bonds with major ionic character between Ag （Ⅰ） ions and oxygen atoms of nitronyl nitroxide units can be used to mediate the spin-spin interaction of nitronyl nitroxides.     

合成氮氧自由基的一种简便方法

报道了一种合成吡啶基氮氧自由基的新方法，与传统方法对比，缩短了反应时间，提高了产率，是合成吡啶基氮氧自由基的一种简便方法．     

Superconductivity at 43 K in an iron-based layered compound LaO(1-x)F(x)FeAs

The iron- and nickel-based layered compounds LaOFeP (refs 1, 2) and LaONiP (ref. 3) have recently been reported to exhibit low-temperature superconducting phases with transition temperatures T(c) of 3 and 5 K, respectively. Furthermore, a large increase in the midpoint T(c) of up to approximately 26 K has been realized in the isocrystalline compound LaOFeAs on doping of fluoride ions at the O2- sites (LaO(1-x)F(x)FeAs). Experimental observations and theoretical studies suggest that these transitions are related to a magnetic instability, as is the case for most superconductors based on transition metals. In the copper-based high-temperature superconductors, as well as in LaOFeAs, an increase in T(c) is often observed as a result of carrier doping in the two-dimensional electronic structure through ion substitution in the surrounding insulating layers, suggesting that the application of external pressure should further increase T(c) by enhancing charge transfer between the insulating and conducting layers. The effects of pressure on these iron oxypnictide superconductors may be more prominent than those in the copper-based systems, because the As ion has a greater electronic polarizability, owing to the covalency of the Fe-As chemical bond, and, thus, is more compressible than the divalent O2- ion. Here we report that increasing the pressure causes a steep increase in the onset T(c) of F-doped LaOFeAs, to a maximum of approximately 43 K at approximately 4 GPa. With the exception of the copper-based high-T(c) superconductors, this is the highest T(c) reported to date. The present result, together with the great freedom available in selecting the constituents of isocrystalline materials with the general formula LnOTMPn (Ln, Y or rare-earth metal; TM, transition metal; Pn, group-V, 'pnicogen', element), indicates that the layered iron oxypnictides are promising as a new material platform for further exploration of high-temperature superconductivity.     

Resonance in the electron-doped high-transition-temperature superconductor Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta

In conventional superconductors, the interaction that pairs the electrons to form the superconducting state is mediated by lattice vibrations (phonons). In high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxides, it is generally believed that magnetic excitations might play a fundamental role in the superconducting mechanism because superconductivity occurs when mobile 'electrons' or 'holes' are doped into the antiferromagnetic parent compounds. Indeed, a sharp magnetic excitation termed 'resonance' has been observed by neutron scattering in a number of hole-doped materials. The resonance is intimately related to superconductivity, and its interaction with charged quasi-particles observed by photoemission, optical conductivity, and tunnelling suggests that it might play a part similar to that of phonons in conventional superconductors. The relevance of the resonance to high-T(c) superconductivity, however, has been in doubt because so far it has been found only in hole-doped materials. Here we report the discovery of the resonance in electron-doped superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta (T(c) = 24 K). We find that the resonance energy (E(r)) is proportional to T(c) via E(r) approximately 5.8k(B)T(c) for all high-T(c) superconductors irrespective of electron- or hole-doping. Our results demonstrate that the resonance is a fundamental property of the superconducting copper oxides and therefore must be essential in the mechanism of superconductivity.     

Minority spin condensate in the spin-polarized superfluid 3He A1 phase

The magnetic properties of (3)He in its various phases originate from the interactions among the nuclear spins. The spin-polarized 'ferromagnetic' superfluid (3)He A(1) phase (which forms below 3 mK between two transition temperatures, T(c1) and T(c2), in an external magnetic field) serves as a material in which theories of fundamental magnetic processes and macroscopic quantum spin phenomena may be tested. Conventionally, the superfluid component of the A(1) phase is understood to contain only the majority spin condensate, having energetically favoured paired spins directed along the external field and no minority spin condensate having paired spins in the opposite direction. Because of difficulties in satisfying both the ultralow temperature and high magnetic field required to produce a substantial phase space, there exist few studies of spin dynamics phenomena that could be used to test the conventional view of the A(1) phase. Here we develop a mechanical spin density detector that operates in the required regime, enabling us to perform measurements of spin relaxation in the A(1) phase as a function of temperature, pressure and magnetic field. Our mechanical spin detector is based in principle on the magnetic fountain effect; spin-polarized superfluid motion can be induced both magnetically and mechanically, and we demonstrate the feasibility of increasing spin polarization by a mechanical spin filtering process. In the high temperature range of the A(1) phase near T(c1), the measured spin relaxation time is long, as expected. Unexpectedly, the spin relaxation rate increases rapidly as the temperature is decreased towards T(c2). Our measurements, together with Leggett-Takagi theory, demonstrate that a minute presence of minority spin pairs is responsible for this unexpected spin relaxation behaviour. Thus, the long-held conventional view that the A(1) phase contains only the majority spin condensate is inadequate.     

Superconductivity in diamond

Diamond is an electrical insulator well known for its exceptional hardness. It also conducts heat even more effectively than copper, and can withstand very high electric fields. With these physical properties, diamond is attractive for electronic applications, particularly when charge carriers are introduced (by chemical doping) into the system. Boron has one less electron than carbon and, because of its small atomic radius, boron is relatively easily incorporated into diamond; as boron acts as a charge acceptor, the resulting diamond is effectively hole-doped. Here we report the discovery of superconductivity in boron-doped diamond synthesized at high pressure (nearly 100,000 atmospheres) and temperature (2,500-2,800 K). Electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and field-dependent resistance measurements show that boron-doped diamond is a bulk, type-II superconductor below the superconducting transition temperature T(c) approximately 4 K; superconductivity survives in a magnetic field up to Hc2(0) > or = 3.5 T. The discovery of superconductivity in diamond-structured carbon suggests that Si and Ge, which also form in the diamond structure, may similarly exhibit superconductivity under the appropriate conditions.     

还原—扩散法制取Nd-Fe-B系磁体

为了降低具有卓越永磁性的Nd-Fe-B磁体的制造成本,使之更快得到推广使用,本文研究了采用还原—扩散工艺路线,直接用Nd_2O_3作为原材料制取Nd-Fe-B磁体的方法、研究了基本组元Nd和添加元素CO、Al的含量对永磁性能的影响,成功地制造出Nd-Fe-B系永磁体。其中最佳性能为Br=1.30T,_MH_C=0.46MA/m,(BH)_(max)=286.5KJ/m~3。实验结果还表明,氧在合金中起着有害作用,为了获得优异的磁性能,含氧量必须被控制在0.8％以下。     

The origin of multiple superconducting gaps in MgB2

Magnesium diboride, MgB2, has the highest transition temperature (T(c) = 39 K) of the known metallic superconductors. Whether the anomalously high T(c) can be described within the conventional BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) framework has been debated. The key to understanding superconductivity lies with the 'superconducting energy gap' associated with the formation of the superconducting pairs. Recently, the existence of two kinds of superconducting gaps in MgB2 has been suggested by several experiments; this is in contrast to both conventional and high-T(c) superconductors. A clear demonstration of two gaps has not yet been made because the previous experiments lacked the ability to resolve the momentum of the superconducting electrons. Here we report direct experimental evidence for the two-band superconductivity in MgB2, by separately observing the superconducting gaps of the sigma and pi bands (as well as a surface band). The gaps have distinctly different sizes, which unambiguously establishes MgB2 as a two-gap superconductor.     

吲哚自由基的合成与晶体结构

以2-硝基丙烷为原料合成中间体2,3-二甲基-2,3-二羟胺基丁烷,然后与3-吲哚甲醛反应,合成了一种结构新颖的吲哚氮氧自由基2-(3′-吲哚基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉-3-氧化-1-氧基自由基(NITIn),其结构通过单晶X射线衍射法测定,该化合物空间群为P2(1)/n,a=1.111 4(7)nm,b=0.993 1(6)nm,c=1.287 7(8)nm,V=1.421 2(15)nm3,Z=4,Mr=272.32,F(000)=576,Dc=1.421 g/cm3.最终结构偏离因子R=0.060 1,Rw=0.135 3.最终差值电子密度的最大值和最小值分别为173 nm-3和-239 nm-3.     

Presentation of antigen, foreign major histocompatibility complex proteins and self by thymus cortical epithelium

In mouse and man most peripheral T cells bear clonally variable receptors made up of alpha- and beta-chains which bind ligands on target cells consisting of peptide fragments of foreign antigens, complexed with cell surface proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the individual. In the thymus, developing T cells are selected to mature only if their receptors will be able to participate in self-MHC plus antigen recognition in the periphery. This positive selection occurs in the presence of self-MHC, but in the apparent absence of antigen, leading to the paradoxical conclusion that developing thymocytes must be positively selected by engagement of their receptors and self-MHC alone, although thymocytes that react too well with self-MHC are eliminated. To account for this, it has been suggested that MHC molecules in the thymus are not identical to those found elsewhere. To test this and other hypotheses, we have examined the ability of the presumed selecting cells, those of the thymus cortical epithelium, to present various MHC complexes to T cells. Our results indicate that MHC molecules on thymus epithelium are not always the same as those found elsewhere.     

Two-band superconductivity in LaFeAsO0.89F0.11 at very high magnetic fields

The recent synthesis of the superconductor LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) with transition temperature T(c) approximately 26 K (refs 1-4) has been quickly followed by reports of even higher transition temperatures in related compounds: 41 K in CeFeAsO(0.84)F(0.16) (ref. 5), 43 K in SmFeAsO(0.9)F(0.1) (ref. 6), and 52 K in NdFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) and PrFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) (refs 7, 8). These discoveries have generated much interest in the mechanisms and manifestations of unconventional superconductivity in the family of doped quaternary layered oxypnictides LnOTMPn (Ln: La, Pr, Ce, Sm; TM: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; Pn: P, As), because many features of these materials set them apart from other known superconductors. Here we report resistance measurements of LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) at high magnetic fields, up to 45 T, that show a remarkable enhancement of the upper critical field B(c2) compared to values expected from the slopes dB(c2)/dT approximately 2 T K(-1) near T(c), particularly at low temperatures where the deduced B(c2)(0) approximately 63-65 T exceeds the paramagnetic limit. We argue that oxypnictides represent a new class of high-field superconductors with B(c2) values surpassing those of Nb(3)Sn, MgB(2) and the Chevrel phases, and perhaps exceeding the 100 T magnetic field benchmark of the high-T(c) copper oxides.     

双吡哆基二乙三胺五乙酸双酰胺和双酯衍生物及其钆螯合物的合成、表征与弛豫性能

用维生素B6族化合物吡哆胺、吡哆醇及吡哆醇衍生物与二乙三胺五乙酸二环酸酐（DTPAA）合成了三种含有维生素B6的0氨羧螯合剂及六种钇螯合物,研究了它们对水质子的纵向弛豫性能和其它性质。结果表明,这些钇螯合物均具有良好的弛豫率,高于目前临床使用的母体配合物GdDTPA^2-,能满足临床应用对造影剂弛豫性能的要求。此外,这些钆螯合物还具有良好的水溶性和稳定性,极具应用前景。     

水环境下羟自由基致 Asp 分子损伤机理

采用色散校正密度泛函的WB97X D、 从头算的MP2及自洽反应场理论的SMD模型等方法, 研究在水气相和水液相环境下羟自由基抽取α 氢致天冬氨酸(Asp)损伤的反应机理. 结果表明： 水分子辅助羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤反应有2个通道a和b, 在通道a中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和氨基氮通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 在通道b中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和羰基氧通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 该通道为优势通道; 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为-0.7,18.7 kJ/mol; 羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤的反应有1个通道, 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为8.1,29.9 kJ/mol.     

(六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四-4,11-二烯)合铜双(二烃基二硫代磷酸酯)的合成与研究

合成了什含四氮杂大环配体和O，O’－二煌基二硫代磷酸根的铜配合物[Cu（hmtade）｛SSP（OR）2｝2」（hmtade＝5，7，7，12，14，14-六甲基-1，4，8，11-四氮杂环十四-4，11－二烯，R＝C6H5，2－naphthyl，CeH5CH2CH2，CyClohexyl），用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、电子光谱和差热分析对其结构进行了表征。研究结果表明：配合物均为非电解质，O，O’-二烃基二硫代磷酸根作为单齿配体对铜中心配位。对四氮杂大环的构型和配合物的差热分析进行了讨论。     

分子场理论分析R2Fe17—xMx和R2Fe17N3稀土合金

用分子场理分析分析了稀土化合物Ｒ２Ｆｅ１７－ｘＭｘ和Ｒ２Ｆｅ１７Ｎ３（Ｒ＝Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ：Ｍ＝Ａｌ；ｘ＝０，２）的温度磁化曲线，计算出分子场 数ｎＲＲ，ｎＲＦ，ｎＦＦ。由分子场系数，计算了Ｆｅ－Ｆｅ、Ｒ－Ｒ、Ｒ－Ｆｅ的相互作用对Ｔｃ的贡献ＴＦＦ、ＴＲＲ、ＴＲＦ。     

High-transition-temperature superconductivity in the absence of the magnetic-resonance mode

The fundamental mechanism that gives rise to high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity in the copper oxide materials has been debated since the discovery of the phenomenon. Recent work has focused on a sharp 'kink' in the kinetic energy spectra of the electrons as a possible signature of the force that creates the superconducting state. The kink has been related to a magnetic resonance and also to phonons. Here we report that infrared spectra of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212), shows that this sharp feature can be separated from a broad background and, interestingly, weakens with doping before disappearing completely at a critical doping level of 0.23 holes per copper atom. Superconductivity is still strong in terms of the transition temperature at this doping (T(c) approximately 55 K), so our results rule out both the magnetic resonance peak and phonons as the principal cause of high-T(c) superconductivity. The broad background, on the other hand, is a universal property of the copper-oxygen plane and provides a good candidate signature of the 'glue' that binds the electrons.     

强磁场下中子星外壳层的电子俘获

 以核素⁵⁶Co和⁵⁹Fe为例,讨论了强磁场中子星外壳层电子俘获.结果表明,绝大部分中子星表面的磁场范围10⁴~10⁹T,磁场对电子俘获率的影响很小.对于一些磁场范围为10⁹~10¹⁴T的超磁星,磁场可使电子俘获率大大降低,甚至可以降低3个量级.