31m空气循环淬火炉计算机温度控制系统

受大型淬火炉体积、结构、加热方式、保温性能、室温等诸因素的影响,炉内温度的均匀性、稳定性和控制精度难以达到工艺要求,为此,以某铝业集团公司31 m空气循环淬火炉温度控制系统为研究对象,采用双层炉体结构,均匀分布多个加热器和温度检测元件,以空气循环和辐射传热2种传热方式传热,采取智能增量式PID控制算法由PLC和计算机以PWM方式进行分区控制.实践结果表明,给定温度在铝合金淬火温度范围450～550℃之间取值时,系统升温超调量小;在保温阶段,炉内温度不均匀性为-3～3℃,炉温稳态误差为-1～1℃,达到了航空航天铝合金大型构件淬火炉温度控制的高精度、高均匀性和高稳定性的要求.     

含碳铬铁矿粉在微波场中的升温特性

采用微波加热法避免传统加热方式带来的粉状物料传热传质不均匀的现象. 利用微波冶金炉,针对含碳铬铁矿粉在微波场中的升温特性进行了研究. 结果表明,含碳铬铁矿粉在频率2.450 GHz的微波场中具有良好的升温特性. 在微波加热功率10 kW、含碳铬铁矿粉1 kg的条件下,含碳铬铁矿粉在7 min内温度可升至1 100 ℃,升温速率为157.1 ℃·min-1;而含碳磁铁矿粉在10 min内温度升至1 000 ℃,升温速率仅为100 ℃·min-1. 提高配碳比,可提高含碳铬铁矿粉的升温速率和降低轻烧钙质石灰粉对物料升温速率的影响.     

大尺寸热压烧结炉温度场动态分布的有限元法研究

为研究陶瓷在热压烧结炉内温度场的动态分布规律,选用直径400 mm sialon陶瓷为研究对象,采用有限元辐射计算方法研究了加热速率、压头端面温度、隔热套筒高度对热压炉内温度场分布的影响.结果表明:在加热初始阶段,试样心部与边缘的温差随升温速率提高而增大,而在加热后期,随着升温时间增加,试样心部与边缘的温差逐渐减小,并稳定在17℃;样品区达到稳定温度所需时间随升温速率增加而减小;增大隔热套筒与模具之间的距离、增加石墨垫块与水冷压头之间的热阻均有利于提高样品区温度场的均匀性;样品区温度随其距中心距离增加而增大,并沿径向呈抛物线形分布.     

钢-混凝土结合梁试件降温与升温过程的数值计算

根据非稳态导热的控制微分方程,建立了钢-混凝土结合梁试件降温与升温过程的数学模型.将恒热流的三维导热问题视为相应的3个一维导热问题的叠加,并采用有限差分法对控制微分方程进行离散,对钢-混凝土结合梁试件在强迫对流环境下的降温(25～-45 ℃)和自然对流环境下的升温(-45～25 ℃)中的温度分布进行了数值计算.研究结果表明:在降温与升温过程中,钢-混凝土结合梁试件内部各点温度变化速率不相同,导致试件内温度分布不均匀,形成了温度梯度;气温的较大变化会使钢-混凝土结构内部温度分布不均匀,由此产生的温度应力可能会破坏桥梁结构.     

气化炉托砖环温度场的有限元分析

以通用的热传导模型为基础,对气化炉托砖环的温度场分布进行有限元计算,计算中考虑了炉内外温度对托砖环温度场的影响。计算结果表明：在炉内温度为1300℃时,托砖环温度最高接近650℃;耐火纤维在隔热方面作用显著;气化炉内部温度对托砖环温度分布影响很大,而外部环境温度变化对托砖环温度分布的影响有限。     

新型外燃旋流热风炉内流动与传热过程数值计算

阐明中小型高炉的风温由1000℃左右提高到1 250～1 300℃的主要措施是将煤气与空气双预热;提出应用高速烧嘴和新型外燃旋流热风炉来预热助燃空气,烧单一煤气可以实现高炉1 250～1300℃高风温.对炉内流动与传热过程进行的数值计算结果表明,在蓄热球床表面没有偏流,气流及温度分布均匀.在中试炉上测量的烟气温度分布与计算结果基本吻合.     

碱活化法制备外墙保温板残料活性炭及表征

 以外墙保温板残料为原料, 采用碱活化法制备活性炭。借助傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、BET 比表面积、孔径分布和碘值进行表征。使用外墙保温板残料在N₂保护下以10℃/min 的升温速率升温到800℃, 在800℃下炭化30 min, 自然冷却至室温获得炭粉; 炭粉用含有4 倍当量的KOH 溶液(0.1 g/mL)浸渍8 h, 加热除去水后转至活化炉中, N₂保护下以10℃/min 的升温速率升温到800℃活化60 min, 自然降温到室温; 用5%的盐酸和水清洗至pH 值为中性; 120℃干燥恒重。本工艺制备的活性炭: 碘值2300.27 mg/g, 比表面积1293.45 m²g, 平均孔径2.4 nm, 主要由微孔和偏小中孔组成。     

节能涂料在电阻炉上使用效果的理论分析

本文用有限差分法进行数值分析,从理论上详细分析用高黑度涂料涂复炉壁内表面、电热元件、或工件表面后,对电阻炉空炉升温和工件随炉升温时的影响规律。得出:(1)提高炉壁内表面或电热元件的黑度,不能缩短电阻炉的空炉升温时间和工件随炉升温时间,故不起节能作用;(2)炉壁内表涂以高反射率涂料后,可明显缩短工件随炉升温时间,但不能减少空炉升温时间;(3)提高工件表面黑度,不能明显缩短工件随炉升温时间。     

非均匀采样系统的支持向量回归建模与控制

针对非均匀采样系统提出了一种基于支持向量回归的预测控制算法.应用提升技术将非均匀采样系统分解为多个并列的子系统,建立了各子系统的支持向量回归模型,将该模型作为预测模型提出了新的优化目标函数,可将控制量更新周期内的系统输出作为优化目标.在多通道电液力伺服同步加载系统中的应用结果表明,该预测模型可以达到比较高的预测精度,且各子系统的模型有一致的预测误差水平.对加载系统控制的仿真试验结果表明,该算法有很好的控制性能,而且通过设计合适的优化目标函数,可以避免数字控制系统中的计算延迟和抑制期望轨迹突变时的超调.     

蓄热式钢包烘烤装置的热工特性

为研究蓄热式钢包烘烤装置的热工特性,对高温空气燃烧技术的加热效果进行了理论分析,并针对钢厂同时使用的新、旧钢包烘烤系统进行对比实验研究.研究结果表明:高温空气燃烧可以提高火焰温度,增大火焰体积,增强系统加热能力,提高燃料利用系数;使用蓄热式烤包系统对钢包烘烤器进行改造,经改造的系统节能近40%,钢包烘烤升温速度由6 K/min升高到25 K/min左右,钢包内温度均匀性提高,各测点的温度相差不超过30 K,转炉和连铸生产条件大大改善.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.