基于多小波自适应阈值的地震图像去噪方法

结合地震图像噪声的特点,利用多尺度小波变换的优点,提出一种新的自适应小波阈值去噪算法.该算法根据小波变换各子层系数矩阵,确定各子层的自适应最优阈值,对于高频子带采用硬阈值化去噪,低频子带采用中值阈值化去噪,并去噪后重构小波系数.实验结果表明,该方法能够去除大部分高频随机噪声,并还原相干切片图像真实效果,提高了地震资料的信噪比.     

利用小波域平滑和边缘保留的图像去噪算法

提出了一种基于小波域低频信号平滑及高频边缘保留的图像去噪方法.由于图像噪声主要集中在小波高频子图部分,且系数较小,常用的阈值去噪法存在阈值选取过大以致连同丢失掉边缘细节信息的缺陷,因此可以对高频子图提取边缘并保留和进行软阈值去噪处理后再融合;低频子图进行自适应维纳平滑滤波,进而得到重构出的去噪图像.实验结果表明,该方法在有效去噪的同时较好的保留了原有的边缘细节信息,效果明显.     

自适应窗口的图像平滑去噪

传统平滑去噪常常引起图像结构信息的损失,本文在分析了结构信息损失原因的基础上,设计一种新的自适应平滑窗口进行去噪,达到既去除了窗口内的噪声,又能保留结构信息的目的.该方法首先运用梯度来表示含噪图像的结构信息大小和方向,并以此为据设计窗口的尺寸和方向.梯度越小窗口尺寸越大,窗口形状和方向随着梯度的变化而变化,使得窗口内图像像素的个数在梯度较小的方向上增加.其次,为了保留窗口内图像结构信息运用高斯函数进行去噪处理.与传统去噪相比,由于该方法对图像边缘和纹理以及平滑区域采用了不同的窗口进行去噪,从而抑制了结构信息对去噪的影响,提高了图像的视觉效果.     

一种去除图像混合噪声的新方法

某一种去噪方法通常只对某一类噪声的滤除较为有效,为了抑制混合噪声,提出一种结合中值滤波与小波去噪的图像去噪算法。该算法首先检测出脉冲噪声点,并采用自适应窗口对脉冲噪声点进行中值滤波处理,然后用基于高斯混合模型的小波去噪法滤除图像中的高斯白噪声。仿真实验表明,对于被高斯、脉冲混合噪声污染的图像,该算法的去噪效果显然比单一的中值滤波和小波去噪法好得多。     

基于小波收缩阈值和维纳滤波的去噪方法

针对高斯噪声图像的结构特点及传统去噪方法中所存在的问题,提出一种基于小波收缩阈值法和维纳滤波法相结合的图像去噪方法.采用小波收缩阈值法对图像进行去噪,对处理后的图像用维纳滤波法进行平滑处理.采用独立自适应阈值,对其子带阈值进行确定,并引入调节系数.仿真结果表明,所提出的方法在高斯去噪效果和保留图像细节信息性能方面优于中值滤波算法、均值滤波算法等方法.     

基于小波收缩阈值和维纳滤波的去噪方法

针对高斯噪声图像的结构特点及传统去噪方法中所存在的问题,提出一种基于小波收缩阈值法和维纳滤波法相结合的图像去噪方法。采用小波收缩阈值法对图像进行去噪,对处理后的图像用维纳滤波法进行平滑处理。采用独立自适应阈值,对其子带阈值进行确定,并引入调节系数。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法在高斯去噪效果和保留图像细节信息性能方面优于中值滤波算法、均值滤波算法等方法。     

基于非抽样小波的多阈值去噪

利用小波系数之间的相关关系,对变换后的小波系数进行分类,提出了基于多阈值的去噪方法。该方法利用非抽样小波变换的冗余性来寻找小波系数之间的依赖关系,把变换后系数分成与图像细节特征相关的系数、平滑区域相关的系数以及噪声相关的系数,对不同的系数采用不同的阈值处理策略以改进去噪效果。实验结果表明,与其它去噪方法相比,该方法不仅较好的保留了图像特征,而且具有良好的视觉效果,峰值信噪比也有较大幅度的提高。     

基于自适应小波变换的红外图像去噪算法

针对红外图像存在的加性、乘性及混合噪声,提出了一种自适应小波变换的图像去噪算法.该方法首先用小波变换对含噪图像信号进行小波分解,这样可以保证对图像中的不相关噪声的有效抑制,保持图像的细节信息.然后将经小波变换所分离出来的噪声成分作为自适应滤波器的输入,通过选用自适应滤波算法从而实现信噪分离的最佳滤波.仿真结果表明,本文提出的去噪算法优于已有的各种算法,提高了图像的对比度,突出了图像细节.     

基于小波变换的一种图像增强去噪算法

利用小波变换的自适应特征,将小波的多分辨理论应用于图像的去噪、增强处理中,针对传统的阈值去噪和子带增强的缺点,提出了一种改进的自适应图像去噪增强算法.该算法对图像的噪音进行了估计,采用软阈值和硬阈值相结合的处理方法,利用3次B样条插值函数的特性,设计一个平滑的过渡区,有效地避免了单独使用软阈值或硬阈值处理的缺点,保证了图像达到比较好的去噪效果;同时引入的增益因子,可以自适应地补充图像的弱信息.     

分数阶小波时频域的图像去噪新方法

为了提高图像的质量以及满足后续图像处理的需求,提出了一种基于分数阶小波时频域的图像去噪新方法。该方法通过二维分数阶小波变换将图像映射到分数阶小波时频域内,在时频域内实现图像的去噪处理,最后通过分数阶小波逆变换实现图像的重构。图像去噪实验结果表明:采用该方法去噪后的图像输出峰值信噪比明显提高,在抑制噪声的同时可以有效保持图像细节。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.