MALDI-TOF-MS法测定芍药苷-人血清白蛋白复合物的半抗原数

为建立中药活性成分的抗体测定技术平台,将中药活性成分芍药苷与人血清白蛋白偶联成完全抗原(半抗原-蛋白质复合物),并利用基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间-质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术测定了上述人工抗原的基本质谱特征,求得了芍药苷-人血清白蛋白复合物的半抗原数(hapten number)为12.试验结果表明,利用MALDI-TOF-MS方法测定人工合成的半抗原-蛋白质复合物的质谱特征等,具有所需样品量少、结果准确和迅速可靠等优点,为药用植物活性成分的抗体技术研究提供了科学方法和试验依据,对于判断人工抗原的质量具有科学意义.     

氟苯尼考人工抗原的制备与鉴定

将氟苯尼考（FFC）进行化学修饰引入羧基活性基团,合成具有半抗原结构特征的氟苯尼考半琥珀酸醋（FFC—HS）．采用混合酸酐（MA）法将FFC—HS与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）偶联合成人工抗原BSA—FFC—HS．通过紫外（UV）、凝胶电泳（SDS—PAGE）进行鉴定,证明BSA—FFC—HS偶联成功,得到了结合比较好的人工抗原,为进一步制备抗FFC抗体提供了良好的免疫原．     

芍药苷单克隆抗体的特异性检测

对已制备的中药活性成分芍药苷的单克隆抗体的效价、敏感度、稳定性以及其与若干化学结构类似物的交叉反应性等进行了测定,据此评价单克隆抗体的免疫反应特异性,为药用植物活性成分的单克隆抗体的制备及其应用研究提供现有条件下的试验方法和依据.检测结果显示免疫小鼠腹水的单抗效价达到1∶ 256 000,来自细胞株P1E6和 P5h10的单抗的灵敏度分别为0.080、0.124 μg/mL,亲和常数1.819×10-7 、2.815 ×10-7 mol/L.同时,所选5种化学结构类似物均显示极低的交叉反应性,证明了芍药苷单克隆抗体的高度特异性.     

黄芩黄酮成分分析及牛血清白蛋白结合活性成分筛选

目的 分析鉴定陕西地区黄芩粗提物中的黄酮类成分,并筛选出其中具有牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合活性的成分.方法 使用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS对黄芩粗提物中的黄酮类成分进行分析,并结合ESI-M S质谱裂解途径解析进行鉴定,借助亲和超滤技术筛选出其中的BSA结合活性成分.结果 从黄芩粗提物中共鉴定出33种黄酮类成分,包括21种黄酮苷元与12种黄酮苷类,详细分析了其在ESI源下的质谱碎片裂解规律,并从中筛选出17种BSA结合活性成分,包括2',3,5,6',7-五羟基黄烷酮、2',5,6',7-四羟基黄烷酮、白杨素-7-O-β-葡萄糖苷等.结论 初步明确了陕西地区黄芩中黄酮类成分的化学组成,归纳了其ESI裂解规律,并筛选出其中的BSA结合活性成分.为陕西地区黄芩资源的开发利用以及中药现代化提供科学依据.     

温脾养胃颗粒中黄芪甲苷和芍药苷含量测定方法及其应用

为了对中药方剂温脾养胃颗粒进行科学的质量控制,本研究建立了君药黄芪和白芍的主要成分含量测定方法并应用于制剂的稳定性研究。分别建立适用于温脾养胃颗粒中黄芪甲苷和芍药苷含量测定的UHPLC-MS/MS和HPLC-UV方法,并以芍药苷含量为指标,通过影响因素试验和经典恒温试验进行制剂稳定性研究,拟定贮藏条件,预测有效期。结果表明,黄芪甲苷和芍药苷的线性范围分别为1～60μg/mL(r=0.999 8)、10～100μg/mL(r=0.999 6),颗粒剂中黄芪甲苷和芍药苷的平均含量分别为0.126 mg/g、1.02 mg/g。颗粒剂的指标成分含量受温度及光照影响较小,但对环境湿度相对敏感,应密封置阴凉干燥处保存,有效期至少为1年。     

抗－DNA免疫复合物性质的研究

用聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）和硫酸铵从系统性红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）患者血清中分离出免疫复合物（ＩＣ）和血浆核酸（ＰＮＡ）。分析结果表明，ＰＮＡ的主要成分是ＲＮＡ，仅有少量ＤＮＡ存在，并且ＰＮＡ中ＤＮＡ的ｄＧ＋ｄＣ含量（５５％）明显高于正常值（４２％）。一旦经过ＲＮａｓｅ处理，ＰＮＡ抑制抗－ＤＮＡ抗体结合ＤＮＡ的能力降低，说明抗－ＤＮＡ抗体和ＲＮＡ有交叉反应。动力学研究观察到，抗－ＤＮＡ免疫复合物中抗原抗体的分子比是１：１，结合能为３７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。这提示，除ＤＮＡ／抗－ＤＮＡ外，其他抗－ＤＮＡ免疫复合物也可能同ＳＬＥ患者的组织损伤有关。     

超滤质谱法研究人血清白蛋白与甘草提取物的相互作用

为研究和筛选甘草提取物中的活性成分,采用超滤质谱法(UF-MS)研究了人血清白蛋白和5种甘草提取物(甘草苷、甘草酸、甘草素、甘草呋喃酮和甘草利酮)的相互作用.结果表明:这5种甘草提取物均与人血清白蛋白有不同程度的结合,其中甘草酸的结合能力最强,其次是甘草苷、甘草素、甘草呋喃酮和甘草利酮.说明超滤质谱法可准确识别与受体蛋白质结合的活性小分子配体,实现天然产物活性成分的快速筛选.     

催化杀虫剂西维因水解的抗体酶制备

以杀虫剂西维因酯解反应中间过渡态的结构信息进行分子设计，合成了α－萘基磷酸氢酯半抗原，将其与载体蛋白牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）和鸡卵清蛋白（ＣＥＡ）偶联，制得了具有不同抗原价（４－２２）的合成抗原，经小鼠免疫学实验，优选出可产生滴度高，特异性强之抗血清的免疫用抗原（Ｈａｐ－ＢＳＡ）经酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定，用该免疫原制得的鼠抗血清滴度可达１：３２０００优选的Ｈａｐ－ＢＳＡ可被用作产生催化相     

赤栀黄颗粒多种活性成分的提取优化及动物药效学评价

通过正交实验设计,对赤栀黄颗粒的多种活性成分进行提取优化,并以动物药效学方法评价优化结果.HPLC同时测定赤栀黄颗粒中栀子苷、芍药苷、大黄酸和大黄素的含量,考察提取时间、提取.溶剂、提取次数对成分提取的影响;以异硫氰酸苯酯造大鼠肝损伤模型,测定血清肝脏酶和胆红素,进行药效学评价.活性成分经水提取3次,每次20 min,可有效阻止异硫氰酸苯酯引起的大鼠肝脏酶和胆红素的升高.经动物药效学试验验证,此活性成分的提取优化条件,有利地保证了赤栀黄颗粒临床疗效的发挥.     

异丙隆半抗原的制备及鉴定

为了建立除草剂-异丙隆的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法,以对异丙基苯基异氰酸酯和N-甲基已内酰胺为原料,经N-甲基已内酰胺水解,而后与对异丙基苯基异氰酸酯反应,合成了与目标分子具有相似结构的异丙隆半抗原1-（5-戊基羧基）-3-（4-异丙基苯基）-1-甲基脲.产物结构以红外及核磁等分析方法确认.为进一步研制异丙隆免疫抗体的制备奠定了基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-