乙酸正丁酯合成实验的改进

对有机化学实验教材中乙酸正丁酯实验室合成方法进行了改进；应用自制电加热器，以固体硫酸钛代替液体浓硫酸作催化剂，优化了合成工艺条件，产率提高31％，实验时间缩短3h，且后处理简单，废水排放大大减少，催化剂易回收可重复使用多次．     

SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成研究

目的研究自制固体超强酸对乳酸乙酯的合成反应的催化效果，寻求乳酸乙酯的最佳合成条件。方法采用溶胶凝胶法制得SiO2-ZrO2基质材料，然后将其通过浸渍法制备了SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸，对SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应进行了研究。结果SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应适宜的反应条件为：预焙烧温度为200℃，浸泡硫酸浓度为1．0mol／L，硅锆摩尔比为15，焙烧温度为500℃，醇酸比为3时，酯化率可达92．79／6。XRD对固体超强酸的分析结果表明，其中SiO2是三斜晶型，ZrO2是四方晶型。结论自制的SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸的对乳酸乙酯的合成反应具有良好的催化效果，适宜推广应用。     

酸乙酯制备实验的改进

以固体酸代替硫酸,对乙醇和乙酸的酯化反应进行研究,考察了催化剂种类、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间对乙酸乙酯合成的影响。结果表明以固体酸为催化剂具有催化活性强,产物产率高,反应物无碳化变黑现象等优点,是学生实验较理想的催化剂。     

SO_4~(2-)/SiO_2-ZrO_2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成研究

目的研究自制固体超强酸对乳酸乙酯的合成反应的催化效果,寻求乳酸乙酯的最佳合成条件。方法采用溶胶凝胶法制得SiO2-ZrO2基质材料,然后将其通过浸渍法制备了SO42-/SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸,对SO42-/SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应进行了研究。结果SO42-/SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应适宜的反应条件为:预焙烧温度为200℃,浸泡硫酸浓度为1.0 mol/L,硅锆摩尔比为15,焙烧温度为500℃,醇酸比为3时,酯化率可达92.7%。XRD对固体超强酸的分析结果表明,其中SiO2是三斜晶型,ZrO2是四方晶型。结论自制的SO42-/SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸的对乳酸乙酯的合成反应具有良好的催化效果,适宜推广应用。     

绿色化学理念下合成环己烯的研究进展

通常采用浓硫酸或浓磷酸液相脱水来制备环己烯,此法虽然经典,但收率不高,同时硫酸腐蚀性强,炭化严重,操作不便;磷酸虽较硫酸的效果好,但成本较高.针对上述合成环已烯实验的诸多问题,综述了无机盐、对甲基苯磺酸、超强固体酸、阳离子交换树脂以及磷钨酸等环境友好的催化剂催化环己醇脱水制备环己烯的研究进展.展望了绿色化学理念下环己烯制备的研究前景,并提出了几种简单易行的绿色合成方法.     

SO2-4/SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成研究

目的 研究自制固体超强酸对乳酸乙酯的合成反应的催化效果,寻求乳酸乙酯的最佳合成条件.方法 采用溶胶凝胶法制得SiO2-ZrO2基质材料,然后将其通过浸渍法制备了SO2-4/SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸,对SO2-4/SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应进行了研究.结果 SO2-4/SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应适宜的反应条件为:预焙烧温度为200 ℃,浸泡硫酸浓度为1.0 mol/L,硅锆摩尔比为15,焙烧温度为500 ℃,醇酸比为3时,酯化率可达92.7%.XRD对固体超强酸的分析结果表明,其中SiO2是三斜晶型,ZrO2是四方晶型.结论 自制的SO2-4/SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸的对乳酸乙酯的合成反应具有良好的催化效果,适宜推广应用.     

固体超强酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯——将绿色化学概念渗透到实验教学中

该文提出把固体超强酸（一种环境友好催化剂）催化合成乙酸正丁酯的科研成果引入到有机合成实验教学中,并与传统乙酸正丁酯实验（硫酸催化）进行比较。     

纳米固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2的制备及其催化活性

以廉价的无机盐TiCl4为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥技术制备出纳米TiO2粉末,经硫酸溶液浸泡、活化后制成纳米固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2.着重探讨了纳米固体超强酸的制备条件,并将其用于乙酸正丁酯的合成反应以考察其催化活性.结果表明:该法制备的纳米固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2具有很强的催化活性,且制备成本低,反应时间短,酯化率高.     

固体酸催化合成环已酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮进展

评述了对甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、六水三氯化铁、二水氯化亚锡、硫酸铜、水合硫酸铁、十二水合硫酸铁铵、硫酸钛、四水硫酸铈、铌酸、树脂固载Lewis酸、一水硫酸氢钠、碘、固体超强酸、杂多酸、分子筛和维生素C等催化剂催化合成环已酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的实验结果.建议对近年来开发的有应用前景的催化剂进行扩大试验与筛选.     

纤维素及纤维素纤维气凝胶的制备及其在油水分离中的应用研究进展

近年来,研究者们制备了各种吸附材料应用于溢油处理,其中气凝胶作为地球上最轻的合成固体,具有超低密度、高孔隙率和高比表面积等优点,在油水分离处理方面得到了广泛关注。纤维素作为一种廉价而丰富的天然聚合物,是制备气凝胶材料的良好原料。本文综述了纤维素气凝胶的制备方法、干燥方法以及疏水改性方法,并对纤维素气凝胶在油水分离领域的应用现状进行分析总结。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that