化学浴沉积法制备ZnO纳米线的形貌分析

为了制备垂直排列长径比高的ZnO纳米线,首先采用脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)在不同温度的掺锡氧化铟(ITO)透明导电玻璃衬底上制备一层ZnO种子层,然后用化学浴沉积法(CBD)在已制备了种子层的衬底上生长ZnO纳米线,同时系统地研究了不同生长条件对ZnO纳米线生长行为的影响,并使用扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜对其形貌、生长特征等进行了测试和表征。结果表明,在衬底温度为200℃的ITO衬底上沉积的ZnO种子层具有良好的结晶性。当生长时间为9 h,水浴温度为95℃,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)浓度为4. 5 mmol/L时,通过CBD法生长的ZnO纳米线呈六角形状垂直排列于具有种子层的ITO基片上,长径比高达20. 56。     

一种水热生长的ZnO纳米线特性研究

水热生长ZnO纳米线一般分为两步,制备合适的衬底并生长纳米线.系统介绍了ZnO籽晶衬底以及无籽晶衬底制备过程,并讨论制备过程各步骤的功能.深入研究硝酸锌和六次甲基四胺混合液生长纳米线的反应过程,分别调节溶液浓度、水浴反应温度、PH值以及聚乙稀亚胺质量寻求最佳的生长条件.室温下ZnO纳米线的光致发光谱表明,存在紫外,蓝光和绿光发射峰.最后对水热法掺杂纳米线进行了介绍,掺杂材料和掺杂浓度决定纳米线的发光特性以及磁性.     

衬底预处理对p-GaN薄膜上ZnO纳米线阵列生长的影响

为了获得具有较好紫外光发射特性的ZnO纳米线,以p-GaN薄膜为衬底,采用水热法在较低的温度(105℃)下制备出了ZnO纳米线阵列,其中纳米线的直径在100~300nm之间。对p-GaN薄膜进行3种不同的预处理,结果表明,将衬底放入氨水中浸泡有利于生长出致密、均匀、定向排列的ZnO纳米线阵列,这与p-GaN薄膜衬底经氨水浸泡后衬底表面的OH-浓度有关,表明纳米线的密度和尺寸与p-GaN薄膜衬底表面的预处理密切相关。另外,该ZnO纳米线阵列具有较好的紫外发射特性,有望在紫外发光二极管领域获得应用。     

聚乙烯亚胺对ZnO纳米线阵列膜的形貌和光电性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪、投射电镜仪和扫描电镜仪等测试手段,系统地研究了不同聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)浓度对ZnO纳米线阵列膜的形貌、线密度和尺寸的影响及ZnO纳米线阵列膜的光电性能.研究结果表明,在PEI浓度从3.2 mmol.L-1变化到9.3 mmol.L-1所制备的所有ZnO纳米线阵列膜中,使用7.3 mmol.L-1PEI浓度合成的ZnO纳米线阵列膜,制成染料敏化太阳能电池后获得0.66%的最高的光电转换效率.     

单根In掺杂的n-ZnO纳米线/p+-Si异质结的紫外电致发光

采用化学气相沉积的方法在In_0.1Ga_0.9N衬底上生长出In掺杂的n-ZnO纳米线阵列。电学输运测量得到单根n-ZnO纳米线的电阻率为0.001 Ω cm,比同样方法在GaN衬底上生长的ZnO纳米线低约20倍。这个结果表明来自于In_0.1Ga_0.9N衬底中的In原子在高温生长过程中可能被掺入ZnO纳米线。制备成功单根n-ZnO纳米线/p⁺-Si异质结构并研究了其电致发光特性。室温下电致发光光谱中可以看到一个窄的ZnO激子峰（约380 nm）和一个中心位于700 nm 的来自Si衬底表面自然氧化硅发光中心的发光峰。     

ZnO纳米线在外加电场下的生长及场发射性能

在外加电场条件下,利用化学气相沉积法制备出了长径比为400:1的四角状ZnO纳米线.利用多功能场发射测试仪对ZnO纳米线进行了场发射特性测试,研究了外加电场对ZnO纳米线生长的影响,讨论了ZnO纳米线在强场下的场发射电流强度饱和现象产生的原因.结果表明:外加电场大大促进了四角状ZnO纳米线在一维方向上的生长,外加电场下制备的ZnO纳米线在电流密度为0.1 mA/cm2的开启场强仅为2.25V/μm,ZnO纳米线在强场下的场发射电流强度饱和现象归因于强场下电子输运速度的饱和.     

制备参数对ZnO纳米线阵列特性的影响

针对目前水热法制备ZnO纳米线生长机制及成核过程中存在的一些模糊问题,利用水热法制备了一维ZnO纳米线阵列,研究了ZnO纳米线生长过程中反应液浓度、生长时间、反应压力、退火条件等实验参数对ZnO纳米线阵列的形貌、微结构及光电特性的影响,讨论了纳米线生长的成核机制及生长机理.研究结果对制备高质量一维ZnO半导体纳米线阵列并将其应用于微纳及光电子器件领域都有一定的参考价值.     

化学水浴法制备柔性衬底的ZnO纳米棒阵列

利用化学水浴法在预先制备的聚酰亚胺(PI)/ZnO薄膜衬底上生长ZnO纳米棒阵列。通过X线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对ZnO纳米棒阵列进行表征。考察衬底的性质、反应溶液的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对ZnO纳米棒阵列的影响。结果表明:c轴取向生长的ZnO薄膜衬底有助于形成六棱柱形ZnO纳米棒晶体。水溶液环境中生长的ZnO纳米棒晶体长径比受到反应溶液浓度和温度的影响。ZnO生长初期c轴方向生长速度较快,经过一段时间后纳米棒的直径开始增大,并且能和周围的纳米棒晶体融合生长形成更大的纳米棒晶体。     

ZnO纳米线的控制生长及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

利用旋涂法在FTO导电玻璃板上制备一层ZnO籽晶,再经水热生长,得到杂乱的和规整的ZnO纳米线;重复该过程,制备得到带分枝结构的ZnO纳米线。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计和光电转换测试系统等手段,研究了水热生长条件对ZnO形态和晶体结构的影响,以及它们对染料吸附率和光电转换效率的影响。结果表明:在生长液中添加聚乙烯亚胺有利于ZnO籽晶择优取向单向生长;原位生长形成的ZnO纳米线均为纤锌矿结构,结晶性良好;影响带分支结构ZnO纳米线制备的关键因素为悬挂籽晶次数和晶化热处理升温速率。解吸附和光电性能测试结果表明,相对于初始的ZnO纳米线,带分枝结构的ZnO纳米线具有更高的染料吸附率和太阳能转换效率。     

微接触压印法制备ZnO纳米线二维光子晶体

采用基于微接触压印的一种新工艺制备了ZnO纳米线二维光子晶体,工艺包括两个步骤:第一,利用Zn(AOc)_2溶胶作为墨水和PDMS作为印章,通过微接触压印技术在ITO衬底上制备图形化的ZnO种子层;第二,采用80℃的低温水热法在图形化的ZnO种子层上选择性的生长ZnO纳米线,获得ZnO纳米线二维光子晶体。测试结果表明:通过优化后的工艺,实现了微结构完整的图形化ZnO种子层;通过短时间的水浴生长实现ZnO纳米线二维光子晶体。由于光子晶体的多重散射效应,透过ZnO纳米线光子晶体的光波呈周期性震动的光谱曲线与带状色散条纹。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-