聚醚酰亚胺的热稳定性研究

以双酚A和4,4′-双(3-硝基苯二甲酰亚氨基)二苯醚在非质子极性溶剂中的取代反应合成了聚醚酰亚胺(PEI),并对其结构作了鉴定。通过热失重分析,以双变量线性逼近方法研究了PEI热分解动力学,得到了动力学参数:表观级数5.33,表观活化能199-kJ/mol,频率因子1.45×10~(12)min~(-1),其值与Friedman等方法处理的结果一致,表明此方法是可行的。用红外光谱分析,元素分析及裂解色-质技术对PEI分解产物进行了剖析,探讨了聚合物的热分解机理。     

聚醚型/聚酯型聚氨酯与聚醚砜共混膜的性能研究

采用相转化法分别制备出聚醚型聚氨酯/聚醚砜(PEU/PES)共混膜与聚酯型聚氨酯/聚醚砜(PSU/PES)共混膜.通过膜评价器,扫描电镜等仪器对膜的结构与性能进行比较研究.结果表明,PEU共混膜具有明显的界面微孔结构,而PSU共混膜具有典型的非对称结构.结构的不同以及材料的差异使得这2种膜具有不同的分离性能、力学性能、化学稳定性以及压力记忆效应.     

二醇扩链剂对聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯性能的影响

以聚醚多元醇为软段,4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和不同小分子二元醇为硬段,采用预聚体法合成热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。研究了异氰酸酯指数、不同扩链剂以及混合扩链剂的物质的量比对聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯性能的影响。结果表明,当异氰酸酯指数为1.02时,热塑性聚氨酯的综合性能最佳;一缩二乙二醇合成的TPU具有最佳的力学性能,而双酚A合成出来的TPU具有优异的熔体流动性,当双酚A与一缩二乙二醇的物质的量比为1/3时,聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯在保持一定力学性能的同时又具有较好的熔体流动性。     

羟胺基聚醚胺防膨剂的研制

以环氧氯丙烷和二乙醇胺为原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备了一种羟胺基聚醚胺(HAPEA)防膨剂,测试了其防膨性能.实验表明:当环氧氯丙烷与二乙醇胺物质的量比为1∶1、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为7 h时,合成的防膨剂具有较好的防膨效果.当羟胺基聚醚胺(HAPEA)的质量分数为2.0%时,其防膨率为87.5%,与KCl复配使用时防膨效果明显提高.     

热塑性塑料对环氧树脂冲击性能及热性能的影响

采用聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)3种热塑性塑料改性环氧树脂,研究了不同热塑性塑料对环氧树脂在低温(77 K)及室温下的冲击性能及热性能的影响。研究结果表明:相对于纯环氧树脂,PEI、PC和PBT改性环氧树脂在77 K时的冲击强度分别提高了50.7%、36.4%和30.7%,在室温下的冲击强度分别提高了58.5%、39.2%和28.9%;PEI、PC和PBT改性环氧树脂及纯环氧树脂在-150℃的储能模量分别为5025 MPa、4733 MPa、4539 MPa和3853 MPa;相对于纯环氧树脂,PEI、PC和PBT改性环氧树脂的起始热失重温度分别提高了14℃、10℃和7℃。表明热塑性塑料可提高环氧树脂的冲击性能和热稳定性。     

嵌段聚氨酯脲的形态与性能——软链段结构和分子量的影响

合成了不同软链段长度的聚醚型、聚酯型嵌段聚氨酯脲弹性体,以及聚醚-聚酯软链段聚氨酯脲弹性体(PUU)。借助SEM、DSC以及拉伸试验机分析其结构、形态对力学性能的影响。研究表明,相分离程度随软链段分子量的提高而提高。在软链段分子量相同时,聚醚为基础的PUU的相分离程度较聚酯为基础的PUU高。以聚醚-聚酯为软链段的PUU呈现了聚醚型和聚酯型PUU的各自形态,有较大的相区尺寸和较明显的相界面。力学性能数据证实了形态研究的结果。     

聚醚酯／纳米TiO2复合材料的制备及其结晶特性

以对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)、1,4-丁二醇(BD)、相对分子质量为2000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMO2000)为原料,采用原位聚合法制备了聚醚酯(PEE)/纳米TiO2复合材料.采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了纳米TiO2对聚醚酯结晶特性的影响.结果表明,TiO2的加入使硬段的熔点(Tm)下降,软段的熔点升高,而且在TiO2质量分数高时变化明显.硬段自熔体的结晶温度随TiO2质量分数增加稍移向高温,但结晶完成的温度移向低温;TiO2质量分数较高时,软段的结晶峰明显出现在较高的温度范围.而且硬段的结晶程度随TiO2质量分数增多而下降,软段结晶程度随TiO2质量分数增多而增大.在不同的冷却速率下,聚醚酯硬、软段的结晶速度都随TiO2质量分数的增加而下降.     

聚醚砜的磺化改性

聚醚砜是一种综合性能优异的特种工程塑料，由于其结构的特殊性造就了其性能的稳定性。以浓硫酸为溶剂，氯磺酸为磺化剂，对聚醚砜进行了磺化改性，并对磺化时间、反应温度、搅拌速度和氯磺酸与聚醚砜的摩尔比等因素进行了探讨，结果表明：磺化温度为10℃左右较好，磺化反应为一平衡反应，搅拌速度对磺化度影响不大，磺化度和氯磺酸与聚醚砜的摩尔比几乎呈一线性关系。     

聚醚砜改性环氧树脂低温力学性能研究

采用自制聚醚砜与环氧树脂反应,合成了改性环氧树脂,结合DSC,SEM及FT-IR等手段,研究了不同聚醚砜含量的改性环氧树脂在低温下(-50℃)的力学性能。研究表明:聚醚砜对环氧树脂固化温度影响不明显;低温下,聚醚砜含量升高,环氧树脂拉伸强度及弯曲强度先增加后降低,当聚醚砜含量为40%时,改性环氧树脂在低温下的拉伸强度及弯曲强度最高,分别为114.42 MPa及193.76 MPa。     

聚醚硅氧烷二元醇改性水性聚氨酯的合成及性能

采用聚丙二醇和聚醚硅氧烷二元醇WACKER IM 22为软段,2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯为硬段合成了有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液,通过ATR-IR、GPC、TEM、DSC、TG和WAXD等研究了有机硅改性水性聚氨酯的性能.结果表明,当WACKER IM 22与聚丙二醇的质量比为20%时,有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液的耐冻性和流平性提高,数均相对分子质量降低,软、硬段相的相容性提高,热分解性能与未改性水性聚氨酯相似,且无明显的结晶能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-