柠檬酸高产黑曲霉菌株选育与发酵新底物研究

本研究利用Aspergillus niger AS3.3928作为对照菌株以废弃苹果榨汁为底物,设计了四因素四水平的正交实验。在pH6,温度31℃,甲醇含量2%,发酵时间4d的最适条件下,黑曲霉的发酵最好。将土壤中分离培养获得的20株黑曲霉,选出菌株透明圈相对较大的A1、A2、A5、A11这4株。在最适条件下,根据4株菌发酵废弃苹果榨汁生产柠檬酸的情况来进行复筛,得到菌株A2;进而对A2进行鉴定,初步确定所得菌株为黑曲霉。在最适条件下,A2发酵废弃苹果榨汁其柠檬酸的产量为1.539 mg/mL,经对A2进行T21紫外诱变,筛选得到A2-1。结果表明A2-1菌株柠檬酸产量比其父本增加了36.6%,比对照菌株AS3.3928增加了38.53%。     

酶法生产鸟氨酸菌株的筛选与培养

从土壤中筛选到一株可以利用胞内精氨酸酶生产鸟氨酸的菌株XT-025,通过形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),这是首次发现该种微生物可用以生产鸟氨酸。通过对其培养条件和转化条件的优化,确定了最佳的培养时间为24h,最合适的转化液成分为0.3mol/L的碳酸盐缓冲液,V(Na₂CO₃)∶V(NaHCO₃)为8∶2。同时发现Mn²⁺对精氨酸酶有很强激活作用,在添加适量Mn²⁺的条件下,鸟氨酸的产量能够达到50g/L,精氨酸摩尔转化率达到100%,而Sn⁴⁺和Cu²⁺则会使酶完全失活。     

新疆艾比湖中度嗜盐菌A6的16SrDNA分析

从新疆艾比湖分离得到中度嗜盐菌A6,该菌能够在0%~20%NaCl的条件下生长,为有芽孢的杆状菌。采用真细菌16SrDNA通用引物PCR扩增A6菌株的16SrDNA,得到的片段长度为1512bp。使用NCBI~Blast软件在Gen-bank数据库中对其进行同源性检索,A6的16SrDNA序列与多种地衣芽孢杆菌16SrDNA序列同源性高达99%。使用MEGA3.1软件构建系统发育树,A6菌株与地衣芽孢杆菌的亲缘关系最近。由此判断A6菌株属于芽胞杆菌属。结合生理生化分析及对A6菌株的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因和Ⅲ型乙醇脱氢酶基因的序列同源性分析,初步确定A6菌株有可能是地衣芽胞杆菌的1个新种。     

敦煌盐碱土中抗黄芪根腐病放线菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

采用平板对峙法和菌丝生长速率法从盐碱土中分离筛选对黄芪根腐病有生防作用的放线菌,并对黄芪根腐病具有较好拮抗作用的菌株A12-2-11进行了初步鉴定及培养条件优化.研究结果显示,菌株A12-2-11发酵滤液抑菌率为41.77%;最适发酵培养基为蔗糖10g·L~(-1),(NH_4)_2SO_410g·L~(-1),K_2HPO_41g·L~(-1),NaCl 10g·L~(-1),CaCO_31g·L~(-1),pH 8,优化培养条件后菌株A12-2-11的抑菌率为75.02%.依据放线菌形态学、生理生化特征结合16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定菌株A12-2-11为黄色长孢链霉菌(Streptomyces longisporoflavus).研究结果对黄芪根腐病生物防治具有一定的应用前景.     

新型好氧 W1-2 菌株降解四溴双酚 A 的性能

W1-2 菌株是以好氧活性污泥为菌源, 以四溴双酚 A(tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA)驯化筛选得到的一株新型好氧降解菌株. 16S rDNA 序列表明, W1-2 菌株属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.), 主要以酶降解的模式去除 TBBPA. 在 30 ℃、pH=7、 150 r/min 和无其他碳源辅助的条件下, W1-2 菌株对 10 mg/L TBBPA 5 d 的好氧降解率可达 91.4%. 温度、转速、pH 值及 TBBPA 的质量浓度均会影响 W1-2 菌株的降解特性, 其中 pH 值对降解率的影响最大. W1-2 菌株最适宜降解和生长的环境条件为 150 r/min、30~ 35 ℃, TBBPA 质量浓度为 10 mg/L 和 pH=8. 此外, W1-2 菌株也是为数不多的无需其他碳源支持、能在高 TBBPA 质量浓度(30 mg/L)和低氧(0 r/min)条件下仍保持高降解能力的好氧降解菌株. 对 W1-2 菌株的研究, 为探究好氧环境下能降解 TBBPA 的微生物的修复提供了新的视角.     

紫色红曲霉的微波诱变及其产红曲色素发酵条件的优化

以紫色红曲霉S1为出发菌株进行微波诱变,筛选出产红曲色素能力最高的突变株紫色红曲霉S1-29,其红曲色素值达3 240 U/g,比出发菌株提高了57%.针对菌株S1-29固态发酵培养产红曲色素的条件进行优化,添加不同的碳源、氮源以及无机盐,研究添加物对产红曲色素能力的影响,并进行正交实验,得到最佳发酵条件:在大米基质中添加葡萄糖、蛋白胨、硫酸镁和磷酸氢二钾,使其质量分数分别为4%,6%,0.4%和0.3%,32 ℃培养11 d,菌株S1-29红曲色素值达到4 003 U/g,比优化前提高23.55%.     

一株当归根腐病拮抗菌株的筛选、鉴定及培养条件优化

本研究从河西走廊盐碱土中分离得到的多株对植物病原菌具有拮抗活性的细菌菌株中,筛选当归根腐病拮抗菌株,为当归根腐病的生物防治提供适合的菌种资源.采用平板对峙、琼脂扩散法筛选拮抗细菌,通过形态学、生理生化试验及分子生物学鉴定法确定菌株分类学地位;以活性物质稳定性试验为基础,设计单因素试验,响应面分析法优化培养条件.结果表明:菌株A17-2-1具有较好的当归根腐病拮抗活性,且抗菌谱较广,经鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis);其活性物质在高温、强碱及紫外照射下均具有较好的稳定性;最优培养条件为p H8.5、温度32℃、氯化钠含量0.5%,在此条件下培养24 h,菌株A17-2-1菌悬液在波长600 nm处吸光度值为1.360,且在该条件下对两株当归根腐病病原菌的抑菌率均达到81.01%以上.     

双酶耦合法生产鸟氨酸盐酸盐的工艺改进探讨

本研究以L-精氨酸为原料制备L-鸟氨酸盐酸盐,通过设计正交实验,讨论反应pH、温度、时间等因素对产率的影响,确定各步反应中较佳的实验条件。得到双酶耦合法制备L-鸟氨酸盐酸盐的较佳工艺条件为:反应pH值9.3,反应的温度为38.5℃,反应时间15小时,产率为83.5%。     

江黄颡鱼小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的主要生物学特性研究

从发病江黄颡鱼中分离出菌株YER6022,通过细菌培养、生理生化试、16SrDNA基因扩增等方法对其生物学特性进行研究.结果表明:该菌株为革兰氏阴性球杆菌,具有动力性,不发酵山梨醇,赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸阴性,尿素、鸟氨酸阳性.16SrDNA片段测序为1408bp,与小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌相似性达99％,GenBank登录号为JX434637.系统进化树显示菌株YER6022与耶尔森菌属的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌亲缘关系最近.     

一株碱性产氨浸铜细菌改良试验研究

碱性浸矿细菌是处理碱性脉石矿物的新型高效菌株. 为提高碱性浸矿细菌( Providencia sp. )的浸矿适应性和浸出率,首次对其进行铜矿浆驯化和紫外诱变改良. 使用Design Expert-8软件对改良菌株进行三因素三水平Box-Behnken试验设计与结果分析,考察矿浆中固相质量浓度、接种量和温度三个因素与浸出率之间的关系,利用Design Expert-8软件对试验条件进行优化,确定改良菌株最佳浸出条件,并得到浸出率预测模型. 在最佳浸出条件下对改良菌株与原始菌株别进行浸出试验,比较二者在改良前后生长及浸出率的变化情况. 结果显示:改良菌株能更好适应矿浆环境,细菌浓度最高时可达6. 5 × 108 mL-1左右,浸出率达到了50. 57%;而改良前细菌浓度最高只有3 × 108 mL-1 ,浸出率也只有29. 03%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-