射频溅射金属前驱体硫化法制备的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜

采用射频溅射技术沉积Cu／Sn／Zn金属前驱体叠层结合硫化技术在玻璃衬底上成功制备了Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜。X-射线衍射分析表明，通过优化制备条件可以获得单一黝锡矿结构且具有（221）择优取向的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜。霍尔效应和紫外可见透过谱测量表明，样品的薄膜电阻、吸收系数和光学带隙分别达到0．073Ω·cm，10^4cm^-1和1．53eV，具有适合作为薄膜太阳电池吸收层应用的可能性。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜及其表征

采用溶胶—凝胶法和旋涂技术在FTO玻璃衬底上制备了Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)前驱体薄膜,在氩气氛围中退火后获得Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外—可见分光光度计(UV-VIS)对样品进行表征分析结果表明:450℃退火后的样品为纯相的Cu2ZnSnS4,样品的晶粒尺寸较大,禁带宽度接近太阳光谱的禁带宽度.     

CZTS薄膜制备的研究进展

Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)具有与太阳光谱非常匹配的禁带宽度以及高的吸收系数,这使得CZTS薄膜成为一种最具潜力的新型太阳能电池薄膜吸收层材料。因此研究和完善CZTS薄膜的制备技术并提高薄膜质量及性能成为重要的研究课题。本文主要介绍四种CZTS薄膜的制备方法:磁控溅射、共蒸发、混合溅射、电子束蒸发硫化法。     

铜溅射时间对Cu_2ZnSnS_4薄膜性能的影响

采用磁控溅射方法制备铜溅射时间分别为1.5 h和2 h的Cu/Sn/ZnS前驱体薄膜,然后利用双温区高温管式炉对两种薄膜进行硫化处理制备Cu_2ZnSnS_4.利用X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪和紫外—可见分光光度计对薄膜的结构、表面形貌、化学成分和光学性能进行表征.结果表明:溅射1.5 h的Cu制备的薄膜表面存在大量杂质,表面很不平整;溅射2 h的Cu的薄膜表面呈现均匀致密的颗粒状薄膜,且具有更大的晶粒尺寸;溅射2 h的Cu的薄膜为单一CZTS相,其化学成分原子比更接近Cu_2ZnSnS_4化学计量比.     

Cu_2O透明导电薄膜的制备技术及应用

氧化亚铜(Cu2O)具有优越的光电性质,是一种具有广泛用途的材料。本文概述了国内外氧化亚铜(Cu2O)透明导电薄膜的多种制备技术;详细介绍了磁控溅射、电化学沉积、热氧化法等工艺在Cu2O薄膜制备中的研究现状,及其在太阳能电池上的应用;对比了不同工艺条件下Cu2O薄膜的性能,并指出制备Cu2O薄膜中的一些问题。     

Cu2S阻性存储薄膜的制备及开关特性研究

采用脉冲激光沉积（PLD）方法于室温下在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si（111）及高导电的Si（111）衬底上制备了Cu2S固体电解质薄膜,后经X-射线衍射、原子力显微技术对薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征.通过400℃退火的Cu2S薄膜在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si（111）衬底上取向生长,而在高导电性Si（111）衬底上则无取向生长.最好用聚焦离子束刻蚀技术及PLD方法制备了Cu/Cu2S/Pt及Cu/Cu2S/Si（111）记忆单元,这些记忆单元都显示了较好的电阻开关特性,但是在不同衬底上制备的记忆元的＂关态＂与＂开态＂的电阻比表现出较大的差异,这些差异被归结为非反应电极与Cu2S薄膜间的不同界面性质所致.     

NdB2Cu3O7-x/YBa2Cu3O7-y高温超导薄膜的稳定性研究

采用脉冲激光沉积方法 ,在钇稳定氧化锆 (YSZ)衬底上制备了YBa2 Cu3 O7-y高温超导薄膜和NdB2 Cu3 O7-x/YBa2 Cu3 O7-y双层高温超导薄膜。X射线衍射分析结果表明 ,NdB2 Cu3 O7-x/YBa2 Cu3 O7-y双层膜在结晶度、表面光滑平整度和稳定性方面优于YBa2 Cu3 O7-y薄膜 ;电阻温度曲线测量结果表明 ,NdB2 Cu3 O7-x/YBa2 Cu3 O7-y双层膜的转变温度为 87.6 6K ,转变宽度为 0 .34K ;YBa2 Cu3 O7-y薄膜的则分别为 86 .6 4K和 0 .95K。与YBa2 Cu3 O7-y薄膜相比 ,NdB2 Cu3 O7-x/YBa2 Cu3 O7-y双层膜稳定性更高 ,在超导电子器件领域更具有应用潜力。     

替代元素对光催化半导体Cu2ZnSnS4能带结构优化的第一性原理研究

【目的】为了增加Cu2ZnSnS4价带顶和导带底与水的氧化还原势之间的能量差,使催化反应具有更多的驱动力。【方法】利用第一性原理计算,对Cu2ZnSnS4电子结构进行分析。【结果】Ag掺入Cu位能够降低其价带顶而不改变导带底位置,而Ge掺入Sn位能够提升其导带底而不改变价带顶位置。【结论】通过优化(Cu1-xAgx)2Zn(Sn1-yGey)S4合金的配比,可使其达到光催化半导体最理想的能带结构。     

透明导电GZO/Cu/GZO多层薄膜的室温生长及性能研究

研究Ga掺杂ZnO(GZO)和Cu薄膜形成的GZO/Cu/GZO多层薄膜体系,以期提高透明导电薄膜的综合性能。GZO/Cu/GZO多层薄膜由直流磁控溅射技术在室温下制备,研究Cu层厚度对多层薄膜结构、电学和光学性能的影响。结果表明GZO/Cu/GZO多层薄膜具有较好的结晶性能。随着Cu层厚度的增加,多层薄膜的可见光透射率有所降低,同时电学性能大幅度提升。在Cu层厚度为7.5 nm时,GZO/Cu/GZO多层薄膜获得最优的光电综合性能指标,且相对于单层GZO薄膜ΦTC因子从7.65×10-5Ω-1增加到1.48×10-3Ω-1。     

Cu_2ZnSnS_4纳米颗粒的溶剂热法合成及其薄膜制备研究

采用溶剂热法合成了Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)纳米颗粒.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的结构、化学组成和表面形貌进行了表征.研究了反应温度和硫源对CZTS纳米颗粒的结构、组成和形貌的影响.结果表明,较低的温度下,产物以Cu-Sn-S三元相为主,随着温度升高,Zn2+逐步扩散到晶格中,取代部分Cu2+,形成CZTS四元相.以硫化钠作硫源,合成了组分符合计量比、分散性良好的CZTS纳米颗粒,并采用旋涂方法制备了CZTS薄膜,其光学带隙为1.49eV,适合作为CZTS薄膜电池的吸收层.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.