有机膦多酸化合物的生物活性研究

报道了3种有机膦多金属氧酸盐化合物对2种人体肿瘤细胞HL-60和B16的抗肿瘤活性，实验结果表明，该类化合物对这2种肿瘤细胞均有较好的抑制作用，且随着化合物浓度的增大，抑制率相应提高。     

nm23-H1基因与人早幼粒白血病细胞HL-60增殖的相关性分析

目的探讨nm23-H1基因的表达与白血病细胞HL-60增殖之间的关系。方法：以25ng／mL阿糖胞苷处理HL-60细胞，MTT法测定细胞生长抑制率，NBT还原比色法判断细胞分化状况，RT-PCR检测nm23-H1基因表达的变化；构建nm23-H1基因的真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1-nm23-H1，转染HL-60细胞，通过细胞生长曲线和血清依赖性实验检测nm23-H1基因的过表达对HL-60细胞生长的影响。结果：小剂量Ara-C对HL-60细胞的生长呈时间依赖性抑制，作用4d后细胞NBT还原能力增强且nm23-H1基因的表达下调；转染nm23-H1基因的HL-60细胞生长加快、血清依赖性下降。结论：Ara-C对HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用与下调nm23-H1基因的表达有-定关系；nm23-H1基因在HL-60细胞中的过表达有促细胞增殖的作用，即增高了HL-60细胞的恶性程度。     

全反式维甲酸对HL—60细胞hTERT基因表达和端粒酶活性的影响

目的：探讨全反式维甲酸（ATRA）诱导HL－60细胞分化过程中人类端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT)蛋白表达和端粒酶活性的改变,方法：应用间接免疫荧光标记法通过流式细胞仪检测hTERT蛋白含量的变化;采用多聚酶链反应－酶联免疫反应（PCR－ELISA）方法检测ATRA处理HL－60细胞前后端粒酶活性的改变,用碘化丙锭染色经流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的变化,结果：ATRA作用于HL－60细胞后,细胞内hTERT蛋白含量逐渐降低,细胞的端粒酶活性相应受到抑制。结论：在IL－60细胞分化过程中,可以通过hTERT基因的表达下调而抑制端粒酶的活性。     

p53蛋白对HL-60肿瘤细胞凋亡率的影响

实验以人白血病HL-60细胞为实验对象,观察p53蛋白对HL-60细胞凋亡的影响。采用吖啶橙（AO）荧光染色法分析p53蛋白对HL-60细胞生长的影响,所呈现的量效和时效关系,运用形态学、吖啶橙荧光染色法、透射电子显微镜观察法检测细胞凋亡。     

以bcl-2为靶标siRNA-2提高HL-60细胞对阿糖胞苷的敏感性

目的:研究以bc l-2基因为靶标有效siRNA-2(sm all interference RNA)能否提高HL-60细胞对阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)的敏感性。方法:将siRNA-2转入HL-60细胞株并与Ara-C联合培养,于24、48、72 h,用MTT法检测细胞增殖生长,用流式细胞仪检测HL-60细胞bc l-2蛋白的表达率、细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平变化及细胞线粒体膜电位的变化。结果:siRNA-2明显提高HL-60细胞对Ara-C敏感性;抑制细胞bc l-2蛋白的表达,提高细胞内ROS水平,降低线粒体膜电位(P<0.05)。结论:siRNA-2能提高白血病细胞HL-60对Ara-C敏感性。     

黄海葵中新不饱和脂肪醛的化学结构

从黄海葵anthoplelura xanthograninica(Brerkly)中，分离得到一种新颖结构的α－不饱和醛类化学物，其化学结构经各种波谱解析得以确定；化合物1对肿瘤细胞HL－60具有抑制活性。     

Role of intracellular calcium mobilization in the regulation of protein kinase C-mediated membrane processes

Phorbol esters are potent tumour-promoting agents that exert pleiotropic effects on cells. Among these are the control of growth, stimulation of release of stored bioactive constituents and regulation of growth-factor surface receptors. Phorbol esters bind to and activate protein kinase C, leading to the phosphorylation of specific protein substrates presumed to be necessary for eliciting the full response. Strong evidence exists that specific binding of tumour promoter occurs at the membrane level in intact cells, resulting in activation of protein kinase C. Recent evidence concerning the release of bioactive constituents from platelets and neutrophils has linked agonist-induced protein kinase C activation and Ca2+ mobilization in a synergistic mechanism. Here we present a novel model of synergism between Ca2+ and phorbol esters that leads to transferrin receptor phosphorylation and down-regulation in HL-60 human leukaemic cells. Raising intracellular Ca2+, although ineffective by itself, increases the potency and rate of action of phorbol ester for activating protein kinase C and mediating transferrin receptor phosphorylation and down-regulation. We propose a molecular model in which increased intracellular Ca2+ recruits protein kinase C to the plasma membrane, thus "priming' the system for activation by phorbol ester.     

Molecular cloning and expression of the major protein kinase C substrate of platelets

In platelets, agonists that stimulate phosphoinositide turnover cause the rapid phosphorylation of a protein of apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) 40-47,000, called P47, by protein kinase C (PKC). Diverse identities have been ascribed to P47 including lipocortin, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase, pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha subunit and an actin regulatory protein. We have isolated human P47 clones by immunological screening of a lambda gt11 complementary DNA library from HL-60 cells, a human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line. P47 recombinants thus identified hybridized to a 3.0 kilobase (kb) messenger RNA in mature white blood cell lines; the same mRNA was induced in HL-60 cells during differentiation. A 1,050 base pair (bp) open reading frame that could encode a protein of Mr40,087 was confirmed by comparison with peptide sequences from platelet P47, and by expression of the putative recombinant P47 in E. coli and in vitro. The P47 sequence appears to have been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, and is not similar to any other known sequence including human lipocortin and the alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase. The P47 protein contains a potential Ca2+-binding 'EF-hand' structure and a region that strongly resembles known PKC phosphorylation sites.     

线粒体参与了三尖杉酯碱诱导的HL-60细胞凋亡

用流式光度术研究了三尖杉酯碱诱导人早幼粒白血病ＨＬ－６０细胞及其转染了ｂｃｌ－２基因的细胞株ＨＬ－６０／Ｂｃｌ－２线粒体膜电势的变化,数据表明线粒体损伤介导了ＨＴ诱导的ＨＬ－６０细胞的凋亡过程。     

Similarity of teleocidin B and phorbol ester tumour promoters in effects on membrane receptors

The tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and structurally related phorbol esters effect changes in avian and mammalian cell cultures that mimic transformation by oncogenic viruses or chemical carcinogens and the inhibition or induction of various types of differentiation (for review see refs 1--3). Unlike initiating carcinogens, which seem to act by binding covalently to cellular DNA, the primary site of action of the phorbol ester tumour promoters seems to be the cell membrane; indeed, specific high-affinity saturable receptors for phorbol esters have been identified in cell membranes. The recently discovered class of tumour promoters, the teleocidins, are as potent as TPA in the induction of ornithine decarboxylase in mouse skin, the inhibition of differentiation of Friend erythroleukaemia cells, the induction of HL-60 cell adhesion and the promotion of tumours on mouse skin. As the teleocidins are structurally unrelated to the phorbol esters, we set out to determine their effects on cell membranes and receptors. We found that in rodent cell cultures, teleocidin B and dihydroteleocidin B have effects similar to those of TPA and that, at nanomolar concentrations, teleocidin inhibits the binding of phorbol esters to cell-surface receptors, which suggests that the action of both classes of compounds may be mediated by the same or a similar receptor system.     

RHD基因转录子的选择性剪切

通过RT-PCR技术分析红系细胞和非红系细胞RHD的转录情况，同时进一步比较不同D表达个体的RHD的转录关系.采用逆转录PCR（RT-PCR）技术检测HL-60,K562,Jurkat,THP-1,胚肺成纤维细胞系（HECF）,10名不同Rh表型个体的网织红细胞（CcDEe 3名,CCDEe 2名,CCDee 2名,CcDee 2名和CCDuee 1名）以及10名不同Rh表型（2 CCDEe,2 CCDee,2 ccDee,2 CcDee,ccDEe和CcDEe）个体的白细胞的RhD mRNA，然后进行cDNA测序分析.结果表明,HL-60,Jurkat,THP-1,胚肺成纤维细胞系（HECF）以及不同Rh表型个体的外周血有核细胞中除网状红细胞外皆不存在RhD mRNA，K562具有一个正常的RHD基因转录本，而不同表型个体的网织红细胞具有复杂的RhD cDNA形式，有的缺少RHD基因的外显子7,有的缺少外显子7～9或外显子4～9,但这些个体都有一个正常形式的RhD mRNA.由此得出结论,选择性剪切使RHD基因的产生多种形式的转录子，但这些不同形式的转录子仅来自红系的血细胞如网织红细胞和K562细胞系，白细胞、单核细胞、T淋巴细胞以及胚肺成纤维细胞都不具有RHD的mRNA.     

一个新的靶点的反义bcl—2寡核苷酸诱导HL—60细胞凋亡的研究

目的：探讨针对bcl-2mRNA蛋白编码区的反义寡核苷酸对HL-60细胞bcl-2蛋白表达和凋亡的作用。方法：应用台盼蓝拒染法和流式细胞仪检测HL-60细胞的活性和bcl-2蛋白表达和细胞凋亡的情况。结果：10μmol/L和20μmol/L的反义寡核苷酸能抑制HL-60细胞bcl-2蛋白表达和诱导细胞调亡,并且针对bcl-2mRNA蛋白编码区的反义寡核苷酸比针对bcl-2mRNA翻译起始区的反义寡核苷酸作用更强。结论：针对bcl-2mRNA蛋白编码区的反义寡核苷酸能抑制HL-60细胞bcl-2蛋白表达和诱导细胞调亡。     

Fas在云芝糖肽诱导HL-60细胞凋亡中的作用

目的：探讨云芝糖肽（PSP）诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的Fas死亡受体信号转导途径．方法：观察PSP处理后HL-60细胞的形态变化，并采用流式细胞仪及免疫印迹检测细胞Fas，FADD蛋白的表达及Caspase-8凋亡酶的激活．结果：100，400g／mLPSP处理HL-60细胞48h后，细胞出现明显凋亡特征，同时伴随Caspase-8酶原被激活和Fas抗原的表达量增加，表现为剂量依赖关系．400g／mLPSP处理36h时Caspase-8酶原开始被剪切激活，48h时激活更为显著．各实验组FADD的表达量基本没有变化．结论：Fas死亡受体信号可能参与了PSP诱导HL-60细胞凋亡．     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of iodo-bridged binuclear platinum complex

Cisplatin antitumor activity was discovered in 1967, and cisplatin entered clinical phase I trial in 1971, and was approved for clinical use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1979. Cisplatin is the first metal complex available for the treat…     

Z-ajoene induces tumor cells to die by apoptosis

To unravel the pharmacological actions of garlic, a simple thio-compound, z-ajoene, was purified from the fresh cloves. Three tumor cell lines were subjected to treatment with z-ajoene at different concentrationsin vitro and the morphological changes, DNA content of the cells and chromosome DNA fragmentation were observed by light microscopy, flow cytometry and agarose gel electrophoresis respectively. It was found that z-ajoene induced cell death by apoptosis in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, MGc-803 gastric mucoid adenocarcinoma cells and Molt4 T lymphocyte leukemia cells. Western blot assay showed that z-ajoene Inhibited proto-oncogene bcl-2 expression in the three different kinds of tumor cells, suggesting that z-ajoene may be a potential agent for tumor chemotherapy.     

Rapid neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium mediated by GMP-140.

Granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140), a membrane glycoprotein of platelet and endothelial cell secretory granules, is rapidly redistributed to the plasma membrane during cellular activation and degranulation. Also known as PADGEM protein, GMP-140 is structurally related to two molecules involved in leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium: ELAM-1, a cytokine-inducible endothelial cell receptor for neutrophils, and the MEL-14 lymphocyte homing receptor. These three proteins define a new gene family, termed selectins, each of which contains an N-terminal lectin domain, followed by an epidermal growth factor-like module, a variable number of repeating units related to those in complement-binding proteins, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. Here we demonstrate that GMP-140 can mediate leukocyte adhesion, thus establishing a functional similarity with the other selectins. Human neutrophils and promyelocytic HL-60 cells bind specifically to COS cells transfected with GMP-140 complementary DNA and to microtitre wells coated with purified GMP-140. Cell binding does not require active neutrophil metabolism but is dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Within minutes after stimulation with phorbol esters or histamine, human endothelial cells become adhesive for neutrophils; this interaction is inhibited by antibodies to GMP-140. Thus, GMP-140 expressed by activated endothelium might promote rapid neutrophil targeting to sites of acute inflammation.     

Isozyme-selective stimulation of phospholipase C-beta 2 by G protein beta gamma-subunits.

Hydrolysis by phospholipase C (PLC) of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is a key mechanism by which many extracellular signalling molecules regulate functions of their target cells. At least eight distinct isozymes of PLC are recognized in mammalian cells. Receptor-controlled PLC is often regulated by G proteins, which can be modified by pertussis toxin in some cells but not in others. In the latter cells, PLC-beta 1, but not PLC-gamma 1 or PLC-delta 1, may be activated by members of the alpha q-subfamily of the G protein alpha-subunits. An unidentified PLC in soluble fractions of cultured human HL-60 granulocytes is specifically stimulated by G protein beta gamma subunits purified from retina and brain. Identification of a second PLC-beta complementary DNA (PLC-beta 2) in an HL-60 cell cDNA library prompted us to investigate the effect of purified G protein beta gamma subunits on the activities of PLC-beta 1 and PLC-beta 2 transiently expressed in cultured mammalian cells. We report here that PLC-beta 1 and PLC-beta 2 were stimulated by free beta gamma subunits and that PLC-beta 2 was the most sensitive to beta gamma stimulation. Thus stimulation of PLC by beta gamma subunits is isozyme-selective and PLC-beta 2 is a prime target of beta gamma stimulation. Activation of PLC-beta 2 by beta gamma subunits may be an important mechanism by which pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins stimulate PLC.     

MNP-端粒酶反义寡核苷酸复合物诱导HL-60细胞凋亡

反义寡核苷酸具有抑制细胞基因表达作用,对于病毒感染及癌症的治疗具有潜在疗效,然而由于其在生物介质中的不稳定性和低穿透率,常需要修饰于一定的载体上,纳米粒子便是其良好的载体,修饰后可提高反义寡核苷酸的稳定性,研究应用FACS,MTT比色法,电子显微镜,原子力显微镜,细胞集落法研究MNP-端粒酶反义寡核苷酸复合物体外诱导HL-60细胞（人急性早幼粒细胞白血病细胞系）细胞凋亡情况,研究结果表明：通过MTT比色法检测可知不同的药物浓度对细胞的生长有明显的抑制影响;实验组细胞在诱导后于流式细胞术检测中产生了亚二倍体峰（凋亡峰）;通过集落形成及电镜观察都有明显的凋亡现象产生,因此认为MNP-端粒酶反义寡核苷酸复合物具有诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的作用。     

bcl-2基因反义核酸对HL-60和K562白血病细胞生存的影响

目的：探索ｂｃｌ－２基因反义核酸对白血病细胞生存的影响。方法：主要应用细胞培养和细胞克隆的方法,检测了ｂｃｌ－２基因反义核酸对ＨＬ－６０和Ｋ５６２白血病细胞系生存的影响。结果：ｂｃｌ－２基因反义核酸浓度在２～８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和６～１２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ分别对ＨＬ－６０和Ｋ５６２细胞的生存有明显的抑制效应,呈剂量－效应关系,二者起效应时间均为第３ｄ;ｂｃｌ－２基因反义核酸浓度为４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,对ＨＬ－６０和Ｋ５６２细胞集落形成都有明显抑制效应。结论：ｂｃｌ－２基因反义核酸对白血病细胞生存有明显的影响。     

去除血清诱发细胞凋亡和Bcl—2蛋白的裂解

以过表达原癌基因Bcl-2的HL－60细胞为材料,通过去除血清而诱发凋亡,应用Western blot方法检测细胞凋亡过程中Bcl-2裂解为分子量大约为20kDa的片段,进一步检测Bcl-2的结构变化,结果显示Bcl-2蛋白裂解发生在N端,裂解产物丢失了BH4结构域。通过加入凋亡相关蛋白酶caspase-3抑制剂,可抑制20kDa片段的产生,表明凋亡过程中caspase-3的激活,但细胞生长率测定表明,caspase-3抑制剂并不能阻止去血清诱发的细胞死亡。