甜菜夜蛾微孢子虫的研究(Ⅰ)—一微孢子虫的分离及超微结构

从甜菜夜蛾幼虫体内分离到一种侵染寄主脂肪体、马氏管和中肠的微孢子虫,用电镜技术对该微孢子虫各发育阶段进行研究发现:其分裂体为单核,产孢体,孢子母细胞及孢子均为双核,产孢体分裂产生两个孢子母细胞,具有微粒子属的典型特征。新鲜孢子呈长椭圆形,大小为3.98±0.43×1.65±0.33μm,孢子壁由外壁、内壁及孢子质膜三层组成,孢子器有片层结构的极体、后液泡和极丝,极丝11～13圈,单层螺旋状盘绕于孢子后端,孢原质的外层,该微孢子虫在寄主细胞质中发育而不入侵寄主细胞核,研究还发现:该微孢子虫可以和苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒同时感染甜菜夜蛾。     

甜菜夜蛾微孢子虫研究初报

<正> 1991年10月,我们从来自华中师范大学校园附近菜地及武汉市疏菜研究所采集的甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma cxigua)幼虫体内分离到一种微孢子虫。该微孢子虫主要侵染寄主的中肠,脂肪体和马氏管。对甜菜夜蛾具有很高的致病力。光镜下,典型的新鲜孢子呈长椭圆形,大小为:3.98±0.43μm×1.65±0.33μm(n=50)。扫描电镜下,孢子表面光滑,无特殊结构。超徽结构研究发现,分裂体(Mcront)主要为单核,具有双层核膜,内质网与核糖体均匀分布于细胞质中。产孢体(Sporont)略呈椭园形,双核,核分裂产生孢子母     

从梨花迁粉蝶中所得微孢子虫的系统进化分析

从中国云南省野外采集的梨花迁粉蝶(Catopsilia pyranthe)中分离得到一株疑似微孢子虫,对该分离株的核糖体SSUrRNA(Small subunit ribosomal RNA)和α-tubulin 基因进行克隆测序。通过序列分析及系统进化树构建,结果发现该分离株属于 Nosema属的一种微孢子虫,命名为 Nosema sp.CP。通过对SSUrRNA系统进化分析发现,Nosema sp.CP与家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)、斜纹夜蛾微孢子虫(Nosema spodopterae)的亲缘关系相对于菜粉蝶微孢子虫Nosema sp.MPr更加接近。通过对α-tubulin 基因的系统进化分析,结果表明 Nosema sp.CP与 N.bombycis聚在一支上,进一步证实了它们的紧密关系。因此,本研究首次在粉蝶科(Pieridae)的梨花迁粉蝶中分离得到的 Nosema属微孢子虫是与家蚕微孢子虫非常近源的一类微孢子虫,并暗示了粉蝶科昆虫感染的微孢子虫具有潜在多样性。
     

从梨花迁粉蝶中所得微孢子虫的系统进化分析

从中国云南省野外采集的梨花迁粉蝶（Catopsilia pyranthe）中分离得到一株疑似微孢子虫,对该分离株的核糖体SSUrRNA（Small subunit ribosomal RNA）和α-tubulin基因进行克隆测序。通过序列分析及系统进化树构建,结果发现该分离株属于Nosema属的一种微孢子虫,命名为Nosema sp．CP。通过对SSUrRNA系统进化分析发现,Nosema sp．CP与家蚕微孢子虫（Nosema bombycis）、斜纹夜蛾微孢子虫（Nosema spodopterae）的亲缘关系相对于菜粉蝶微孢子虫Nosema sp．MPr更加接近。通过对α-tubulin基因的系统进化分析,结果表明Nosema sp．CP与N．bombycis聚在一支上,进一步证实了它们的紧密关系。因此,本研究首次在粉蝶科（Pieridae）的梨花迁粉蝶中分离得到的Nosema属微孢子虫是与家蚕微孢子虫非常近源的一类微孢子虫,并暗示了粉蝶科昆虫感染的微孢子虫具有潜在多样性。     

烟田斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂(膜翅目:茧蜂科)研究

斜纹夜蛾 Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)隶属鳞翅目 Lepidoptera夜蛾科 Noctuidae,一种杂食性、暴食性害虫 ,是烟草生产中最重要的害虫之一。斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂 Microplitis prodeniae (Viereck)隶属膜翅目 Hy-menoptera茧蜂科 Braconidae,为斜纹夜蛾低龄幼虫的内寄生蜂。对该蜂生物学生态学特性研究的结果表明 :该蜂田间种群消长 1年有 2个高峰期 ,第 1个高峰期发生在 7月下旬 ,对斜纹夜蛾的寄生率为 4 9.5 % ;第二个高峰期发生在 8月下旬 ,对斜纹夜蛾的寄生率为 5 4.8%。烟田雌蜂的数量明显多于雄蜂 ,其性比雌 :雄平均为 1.2 1- 3.4 4:1,7月份的性比最低 ,8月份的性比最高。补充营养能够明显延长斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂寿命。在相同的浓度下 ,不同补充营养对其寿命延长有不同效果 ,以 2 5 %蔗糖液效果最好 ,雌蜂寿命明显长于雄蜂 ,雌蜂寿命为雄蜂的 1.0 5 - 1.38倍。不同补充营养液与清水对照相比 ,2 5 %蔗糖液、2 5 %葡萄糖液和 2 5 %蜜糖喂饲的成蜂寿命分别比对照延长 2 0 .7d、18.6 d和 7.1d,分别为对照的 5 .7倍、5 .2倍和 6 .2倍。从接蜂至成茧的发育起点温度为 9.5 2 34℃ ,有效积温为 134.0 4 2 6日·度 ;从茧至羽化的发育起点温度为 11.5 96 5℃ ,有效积温为 84 .95 5 8日·度 ,该蜂完成 1个世代所     

家蚕微孢子虫侵染家蚕胚胎细胞与草地贪夜蛾细胞的病变比较

家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)是引起家蚕微粒子病的病原,是一种无线粒体的专性细胞内寄生的原虫.将N.bombycis经KOH处理后,接种于家蚕胚胎细胞(BmE细胞)和草地贪夜蛾卵巢细胞(Sf21).用倒置显微镜对微孢子虫在宿主细胞中感染增殖过程中的形态变化进行了跟踪观察,比较两种细胞接种N.bombycis后所出现的形态学变化.接种后第12天起,两种细胞内均充满不同发育阶段的孢子,并可见大量的胞外游动.在感染晚期,Sf21中有许多孢子从细胞中逸出,留下许多空泡,细胞还保持一定的完整性,而家蚕胚胎细胞则在感染后期完全崩解.这种差异可能是Sf21作为一种非原宿主细胞,对N.bombycis的感染有一定耐受性有关.     

斜纹夜蛾传代细胞系的建立及病毒感染研究

以斜纹夜蛾卵建立ZSU-SL-1细胞株,细胞形态以球形及纺锤形为主,染色体数为56～260,多数细胞为多倍体,经20℃和27℃的生长曲线测定,细胞加倍时间为100～144小时.本细胞株对斜纹夜蛾和粉纹夜蛾两者的核型多角体病毒敏感.     

斜纹夜蛾精巢的发育和精子的发生

采用解剖观察、石蜡组织切片及苏木精-曙红染色方法,利用显微镜照相获取图像,研究了斜纹夜蛾幼虫到成虫精巢的发育及精子的发生.研究结果表明:2个精巢在预蛹期开始融合,并在蛹期融合成1个;在成虫期,随着精子的排出,精巢体积逐渐减小;斜纹夜蛾雄性生殖细胞发育为有核精子和无核精子,2种精子的发生都经过精原细胞囊期、精母细胞囊期和精细胞囊期;精子的形成主要区别在于有核精子的细胞核有一个变形过程,而无核精子形成过程中不经过细胞核变形,且后期将细胞核丢弃.综上所述,有核精子的主要发育时期为6龄到蛹期,而无核精子的主要发育在蛹期.本研究结果可为进一步研究和控制精子形成以及利用生殖机理防治斜纹夜蛾打下基础.     

斜纹夜蛾几丁质酶家族基因鉴定与时空表达分析

昆虫GH18家族几丁质酶属于多基因家族,在昆虫的蜕皮与变态过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,它催化表皮几丁质的降解.斜纹夜蛾是一种重要的农业害虫,危害290多种植物,但对其几丁质酶未深入研究.该文通过斜纹夜蛾转录组学分析,发现了12种潜在的几丁质酶,分属于8类.对这些几丁质酶在斜纹夜蛾变态发育时在表皮、中肠以及脂肪体的时空表达分析结果表明,Sl Cht5,Sl Cht9和Sl Cht2的表达水平在幼虫转化为蛹时上调表达,说明这些几丁质酶可能参与了斜纹夜蛾变态时期的脱皮作用;而其他几丁质酶的表达具有组织特性,表明它们可能具有不同功能,如Sl Cht6仅在中肠和脂肪体中表达,Sl Cht11,Sl Cht12和Sl Cht16主要在中肠和表皮表达,Sl IDGF2仅在表皮有表达,Sl IDGF3和Sl Cht9在三大组织均有表达.本研究结果对斜纹夜蛾几丁质酶家族基因的鉴定和时空表达作了初步的分析,为研究它们在斜纹夜蛾发育中的功能与调控打下基础.     

蝗虫微孢子虫对草原蝗虫感染致死作用的研究

在1.06×l0~8个孢子/ml的蝗虫微孢子虫浓度下,对青海草原蝗虫接种试验,首次从蝗尸上分离到病原物——蝗虫微孢子虫(Nosema Locustae),蝗虫致死率达50-92.1%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.