以产气肠杆菌催化肌苷5′-位磷酸化的特性

为了分析磷酸酶在菌体细胞内的存在方式、酶反应特征及产物结构,以产气肠杆菌(E.aerogenes IAM1183)细胞作为催化剂,以焦磷酸和肌苷为底物,并采用液相色谱和核磁共振等方法进行了研究。酶促反应产物被证实为5′-IMP。结果表明:该酶为胞内酶,具有可溶性的特点;酶促反应温度范围30~40℃,最适温度为35℃;整细胞酶促反应的最适pH值为4.8,催化16 h可以合成4.79 mg.mL-1的5′-IMP;破碎细胞,酶促反应的最适pH值为7.6,催化10 min可以合成5.85 mg.mL-1的5′-IMP。     

樱桃果实酶促褐变及其影响因素的研究

以红灯品种的樱桃果实为材料,对果实中的多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性进行了研究.通过其与邻苯二酚反应后产物的吸光度值的测量,分别研究了樱桃在不同储存条件下褐变度的变化,以及温度、pH值、反应时间和氧化抑制剂L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸和肉桂酸等对PPO活性的影响.结果表明:以0.01mol/L的邻苯二酚作为底物,樱桃果肉PPO分别在反应温度为10℃和pH值为4.0时的活性较高,反应时间为10~15 min时活性较高,褐变程度较强.在一定的条件下,几种抑制剂对樱桃果肉的PPO活性呈现出不同的抑制效果,以抗坏血酸的抑制效果为最佳.     

文昌鱼酸性磷酸酶的分离提纯及其性质的初步研究

从厦门文昌鱼Branchiostoma belcheri(Gray)体内部分提纯一种酸性磷酸酶制剂。酶液比活力6.467μmole/mg prot/30min,提纯47倍,以等电聚焦法测其等电点为pH4.05。该酶在醋酸盐缓冲系统(37℃)中,以苯磷酸二钠为底物,测得最适pH4.5,K_m值为1.25×10~(-3)M(以对硝基苯磷酸二纳为底物测得最适pH4.5,K_m值为2.08×10~(-4)M)。pH影响K_m值而不影响V_(max),表现为竞争性类型。在不同温度条件下,测其活化能为9.15千卡/克分子。F~-,Hg~(2+),Mo~(6+)表现不同的抑制,PCMB终浓度为5×10~4M时酶活力下降70％。     

稗弯孢菌（Curvularis lunata）原生质体的制备

研究了不同菌龄、酶浓度、渗透压稳定剂、缓冲液pH值以及酶解温度和时间等因素对稗弯孢菌(Curvularia lunata)原生质体形成的影响。将培养18h的菌丝,以0.7mol/L KCl作为渗透压稳定剂,30℃下,经过2％溶壁酶和4％纤维素酶混合酶液(pH5.8)酶解4h,原生质体在静止条件下最大释放量达到 1.7×10~6/mL,再生率为0.76％。     

不同来源葡萄糖氧化酶的分离纯化及其生物催化特性

采用离子交换层析法对4种不同来源的葡萄糖氧化酶(Glucose oxidase,GOD,EC 1.1.3.4)进行分离纯化,纯化后酶的相对分子质量约为130kDu,为双亚基酶。纯化后的4种酶的酶学性质相对稳定,对pH有较宽的响应范围。温度为20~50℃时,随着温度的升高酶活降低且稳定性较好;温度为55℃时稳定性较差;而在60℃时则失活。金属离子如Fe2+、Co2+、Mg2+和Cu2+对4种酶都有较强的抑制作用,Fe2+的抑制尤其明显,而螯合剂EDTA可以激活酶的活性。在30℃、pH为7.0的条件下,以不同浓度(20~100mmol/L)的葡萄糖为底物分别测定4种酶的米氏常数(Km)和催化常数(Kcat)。通过光谱和色谱对4种葡萄糖氧化酶进行检测,虽然氨基酸组成有明显不同,但二维结构基本一致,而GOD前体goxC和修饰蛋白如过氧化氢酶、过氧化氢酶前体和Pc16g04630等可能是提高GOD催化效率和工业应用的分子基础。     

酶法辅助提取迷迭香中主要活性成分研究

迷迭香原料采用纤维素酶酶解后,再对其主要抗氧化活性成分进行提取,并以鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚含量作为衡量工艺的主要指标,以提取物中的鼠尾草酸重量作为衡量工艺参数的优劣。采用L9(43)正交试验考察酶解时间、酶解温度、pH值、酶用量对产品得率等因素的影响。通过正交试验发现:酶用量0.2%、pH值为4、酶解温度为35~40℃、酶解时间4h,产品得率最高。     

酶法转化二醇型人参皂甙Rd及制备稀有人参皂甙C-K

利用蜗牛酶酶法对二醇型人参皂甙Rd进行转化,并制备稀有人参皂甙C-K.采用薄层色谱和高效液相色谱法,对转化产物及酶反应相关影响因素进行检测.结果发现:在酶量为166.7μkat·g-1,pH值为5.0,温度为40℃的恒温水浴9h的条件下,酶解人参皂甙Rd可得稀有人参皂甙C-K.在此基础上,研究得到酶反应的最适条件范围:...     

不同β-葡萄糖苷酶性能分析及对罗汉果苷的转化

以Pichia pastoris GS115为宿主,对来源于特异腐质霉Humicolainsolens、棘孢曲霉Aspergillus aculeatus和黑曲霉Aspergillus niger的β-葡萄糖苷酶基因bglHi、bglAa和bglAn进行异源表达。以对硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为底物,分析了3种酶的酶学性质,其中BglAn的酶活力最高,为90.83U/mg。3种酶的最适反应温度和最适pH值范围分别为55~65℃和5.0~6.0。在pH值为6.0、温度50℃、酶量2U的条件下,利用3种酶水解不同浓度的罗汉果苷Ⅴ。结果表明:不同来源的酶水解底物的特异性差别较大,其中BglHi和BglAa水解罗汉果苷Ⅴ生成罗汉果苷ⅢE的转化率较低,仅为5%~7%;而BglAn在底物质量浓度1mg/mL,反应20min时转化率为96.5%;提高底物质量浓度到5mg/mL,反应1h时转化率也可达97.9%,基本实现完全转化。通过酶法转化罗汉果苷Ⅴ,获得了较高纯度的产物罗汉果苷ⅢE,为后期开发不同结构、不同功能罗汉果苷类甜剂提供了新的途径。     

pH值对水体检测过程中6种抗生素回收率的影响

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法,就不同水体pH值对6种抗生素回收率的影响进行试验研究。结果显示全部供试样品6种抗生素在pH值6~7的范围内均有较好回收率,pH值过高或过低均不能得到满意的回收率。因此,为保证检测结果的准确性,需对水体pH值进行监测及调节,达到待检抗生素项目适宜pH值范围后,再进行检测。     

正交实验确定Alcalase水解大豆蛋白的最佳实验条件

采用枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶Alcalase(标注酶活力2.4Au/g)作为水解酶对大豆蛋白进行水解,得到大豆多肽溶液。以大豆蛋白的水解度(DH)来表征大豆蛋白水解反应进行的程度。选择水解反应温度、pH值、酶浓度作为三个影响因素分别取三个水平,以水解度为指标进行三因素三水平正交实验。实验结果得到的最佳实验条件为底物浓度为8%,酶浓度(E/S)为3.6Au/100g底物,温度T60℃以及pH为8.0。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to