臭氧强化混凝工艺在污水处理中的应用

本试验采用臭氧强化混凝处理工艺对某城市污水处理厂二级生化出水进行深度处理,考察了投加臭氧对混凝处理效果的影响。经试验可知在臭氧投加量为1.5mg/L,混凝剂PAC投加量为4mg/L,混凝搅拌15min的条件下,CODCr、TP、色度、UV254去除率分别为27.3%、23%、41.1%、11.2%,出水CODCr、TP、色度、UV254值分别为16mg/L、0.378mg/L、9.67度、0.12mg/L。该工艺提高了出水水质,在相同出水水质要求下大大降低了混凝剂投加量。     

混凝法联合Fenton或O3氧化法深度处理焦化废水生化尾水

采用混凝法分别联合芬顿(Fenton)和O_3氧化法深度处理焦化废水的生化尾水。通过单因素实验分析,分别研究聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFC)、H_2O_2以及O_3的投加量对化学耗氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)以及苯酚处理效果的影响,并通过紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)分析废水中有机污染物的降解机制。结果表明:当PAFC投加量为2 000 mg/L时,混凝法对COD、TN以及苯酚的去除率分别为10.19%、2.36%以及2.13%;当H_2O_2投加量为0.07%时,Fenton强化混凝法对COD、TN以及苯酚的去除率分别为81.08%、22.49%以及95.84%;当O_3投加量为1 000 mg/L时,O_3强化混凝法对COD、TN以及苯酚的去除率分别达到82.63%、30.29%以及100%,对废水起到了良好的净化效果。     

混凝深度处理造纸废水的试验研究

为了提高造纸废水二级生化处理后出水的水质,采用混凝技术对该废水进行深度处理,考察pH值、混凝剂和絮凝剂种类及投加量等对处理性能的影响。结果表明,最佳运行参数:聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量为140mg/L,pH值为8,COD去除率和脱色率分别为29.1%和60%;复合絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)最优投加量为2mg/L,COD去除率和脱色率分别为35.7%和67.1%;复合脱色剂最优投加量为4mg/L,COD去除率和脱色率分别为44.1%和77.2%。最终出水COD和色度达到了造纸行业水污染物排放标准,为混凝深度处理造纸废水的工艺优化提供了理论依据,有利于该技术的推广应用。     

MicroFA四相催化氧化技术在二级生化处理出水深度处理的应用

抗生素工业废水难处理,特别是以抗生素工业废水为主的混合工业废水经二级生化处理后的尾水.有鉴于此,本文用MicroFA四相催化氧化技术对二级生化出水进行深度处理,发现效果好,其FeSO4和H2O2控制投加量分别为6.5mg/L、5.5mg/L,对重铬酸盐指数(CODcr)、TP的平均去除效率分别为50.48%、94.71%,出水CODcr、TP能达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级排放标准,甚至可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准.该工艺一次性投资较高,但运营管理较简单,处理效果稳定可靠,运行成本0.92元/吨、相对合理.该工艺为难生物降解的抗生素类制药为主的混合工业废水二级出水的深度处理提供了新途径.     

Fenton氧化深度处理制药废水的研究

针对阿维菌素、盐霉素废水经厌氧-好氧工艺处理后难以进一步生物降解的特点,采用Fenton氧化法进行深度处理。试验研究探讨了不同pH值、反应时间、H_2O_2投加量以及n(H_2O_2)∶n(Fe2+)对COD去除效果的影响。在pH值为3.0,H_2O_2(体积分数为30%)投加量为1.5mL/L,n(H_2O_2)∶n(Fe~(2+))为5∶1条件下,废水COD质量浓度由224mg/L下降到64.3mg/L,去除率达到71.3%。     

吸附浓缩-芬顿氧化法深度处理印染废水

为利用吸附浓缩与芬顿氧化组合工艺处理印染废水二级生化出水,考察了吸附过程中吸附剂用量、吸附时间和pH值等因素的影响,研究了芬顿氧化过程中Fe~(2+)浓度、H_2O_2浓度、加药方式、反应时间、脱附浓缩液pH值、回调剂和反应过程中最高温度等因素的影响。结果表明:当吸附剂投加量为4g·L~(-1)、pH值为7、吸附时间为30min时,吸附效果最佳;吸附浓缩液在Fe~(2+)浓度为0.1mol·L~(-1)、H_2O_2浓度为2mol·L~(-1)、芬顿试剂等分3次投加、反应时间为1h的条件下,芬顿氧化处理效果最好。该组合工艺在实现废水减量化的同时可提高废水的可生化性,因此有望为印染废水深度处理提供一种高效的工艺。     

生活污水的高级氧化预处理效果研究

以芬顿试剂、高锰酸钾为氧化剂氧化降解生活污水,通过测定COD、BOD_5变化来比较氧化效果.在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验进行研究.芬顿试剂适宜的氧化条件:FeSO_4·7H_2O的投加量为3 mmol/L,pH值为3,H_2O_2与Fe~(2+)的投加比为3:1,反应时间为60 min;高锰酸钾适宜的氧化条件:投加量为0.2mmol/L,pH值为2,反应时间为60 min.研究表明:与高锰酸钾处理的效果相比,采用芬顿试剂,COD去除率可达80%,处理后废水的可生化性大大提高,为进一步的生化处理创造了良好的条件.     

絮凝-芬顿氧化法处理制药污水的研究

医药污水COD值高且负荷变化大,含有微生物难降解的成分,是一种难处理的有机污水.经常规工艺处理后,出水有时仍难达标.采用絮凝-芬顿试剂氧化组合工艺法对出水进行处理,通过测定污水的COD变化以评价处理的效果.考察了常温常压下聚合氯化铝、聚丙烯酰胺等絮凝剂对出水预处理的效果,芬顿试剂配比、投加量、pH值等因素对制药污水处理效果的影响,初步发现了其絮凝、氧化规律.经试验确定的最佳工艺条件为:聚合氯化铝量为0.8 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺的量为6 μg/L,H2O2/Fe2+物质的量的比为3.5∶ 1,FeSO4 *7H2O投加量为1.62 mmol/L,pH=3.0时.处理后COD值从834.4 mg/L降至149.8 mg/L,总去除率可达82.04%.与直接用芬顿试剂氧化相比,絮凝-氧化法具有相同的处理效果,但大大减少了芬顿试剂的使用量,成本节省很多,显示出较大的应用前景.     

磁芬顿处理DMAC废水的实验研究

N-N二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)是化纤废水的主要污染物,具有毒性大,生物难降解等特点.研究了磁芬顿法和芬顿法处理DMAC的效果,探讨了最佳处理条件及降解机理.结果表明:在FeSO4·7H2O的投加量为12g/L,H2O2的投加量为12mL/L,pH值为3.0,反应时间为60min的条件下,原水浓度为250mg/L的DMAC模拟废水处理实验中,磁芬顿法的COD去除率为82.1%,较未磁化提高18.5%.动力学研究表明,磁芬顿法和芬顿法降解COD符合一级反应,反应速率常数分别为0.029min-1和0.013min-1,磁场可加快芬顿反应速度.     

铁碳微电解/H_2O_2耦合工艺预处理水中砷的研究

采用铁碳微电解/H_2O_2耦合工艺预处理水溶液中砷,研究了溶液初始p H、铁碳球投加量、曝气流量、H_2O_2投加量、反应温度和初始总砷(TAs)浓度等因素对砷去除效果的影响﹒结果表明,在铁碳微电解体系中加入H_2O_2能明显提高水溶液中TAs和三价砷(As(Ⅲ))去除率﹒当溶液初始TAs和As(Ⅲ)浓度分别为539 mg/L和368 mg/L,溶液初始pH为2.5,铁碳球投加量为530 g/L,曝气流量为60 m L/min,H_2O_2投加量为2 m L,在15℃下曝气反应1 h时,溶液中TAs和As(Ⅲ)去除率分别达到61.94%和55.06%;然而,未加H_2O_2,在同样条件下处理,TAs和As(Ⅲ)去除率分别为47.07%和41.97%﹒     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with