基于QR码构造的QC-LDPC码译码器设计与实现

基于平方剩余(quadratic residue,QR)码构造的准循环低密度奇偶校验(quasi cyclic low-density parity check,QC-LDPC)码的行重通常比较大,硬件实现时译码器消耗的资源也就较多。设计了一种在资源占用率和吞吐率方面较为平衡的部分并行结构的分层译码器。该译码器采用分层修正最小和算法(layered normalized min-sun algorithm, LNMSA)实现,利用部分并行结构同时处理层内连续n行;在变量节点后验概率信息的存储结构上,将连续的n个信息合并为1组,连续的2组采用2个随机存取存储器(random access memory, RAM)进行交替存储;在求取最小值和次小值时,将输入信息分为4组,再从4组中分别获取最小值比较出全局最小值和次小值,从而有效地降低了最小值和次小值比较运算的复杂度。在码长为2040、码率为0.83的码字和Xilinx Virtex-6开发板的测试环境下,译码器最大时钟频率可达166.7 MHz,吞吐量可达447.5 Mbit/s。     

面向磁记录信道的原模图LDPC码译码器的FPGA设计

针对传统原模图低密度奇偶校验（low density parity check,LDPC）码在译码硬件实现中,由于采用随机扩展方式,导致数据拥塞和布线困难,继而产生译码延时和资源消耗的提高及吞吐量的下降问题,通过2步准循环扩展得到了适于硬件实现的码字结构,设计了一种面向磁记录信道的原模图LDPC码译码器。该译码器信息更新采用基于TDMP（turbo decoding message passing）分层译码的归一化Min-Sum算法使得译码器具有部分并行架构;同时为了降低译码时间及功耗,给出一种低资源消耗的提前终止迭代策略。硬件实现结果表明,该译码器的译码性能十分接近相应的浮点算法,在低资源消耗的前提下,工作频率可达183.9 MHz,吞吐量为63.3 Mbit/s,并可同时适用于多种原模图LDPC码。     

基于原模图LDPC码的联合信源信道译码器的硬件实现

采用FPGA(field programmable gate array)设计基于原模图低密度奇偶校验(low density parity check,LDPC)码的联合信源信道译码器,信道部分和信源部分都是由原模图LDPC码组成.在原模图LDPC码联合译码器的硬件实现架构中,通过2步循环扩展得到了适合硬件实现的准循环原模图LDPC码,译码器信息的迭代更新采用TDMP (Turbo decoding message passing)分层译码算法,采用的归一化最小和算法使得P-JSCD(photograph-based joint source and channel decoding)具有部分并行结构.最后,为了降低资源消耗和译码延迟,采用了提前终止迭代策略.基于FPGA平台的硬件实现结果表明,该联合译码器的译码性能非常接近相应的浮点算法,并且最大时钟频率达到193.834 MHz,吞吐量为24.44 Mbit/s.     

基于LDPC码校验节点度的分类修正最小和算法

为了减小低密度奇偶校验(low-density parity-check,LDPC)码的译码算法复杂度,提高译码性能,该文针对致信传播(belief propagation,BP)译码算法及其简化算法的分析,提出了一种基于校验节点度的分类修正最小和译码算法。该算法将最小和译码算法中校验节点输入外信息绝对值的最小值和次小值分类,并根据该节点的度计算与BP算法的偏移量,分别选择不同的阈值和修正因子对外信息进行补偿。仿真结果表明,该算法在高信噪比区域的译码性能高于BP算法,并且计算复杂度大大低于BP算法,是一种适用于各种校验节点度分布,而且是能较好兼顾性能与实现复杂度的译码算法。     

基于LDPC码校验节点度的分类修正最小和算法

为了减小低密度奇偶校验(low-density parity-check,LDPC)码的译码算法复杂度,提高译码性能,该文针对致信传播(belief propagation,BP)译码算法及其简化算法的分析,提出了一种基于校验节点度的分类修正最小和译码算法。该算法将最小和译码算法中校验节点输入外信息绝对值的最小值和次小值分类,并根据该节点的度计算与BP算法的偏移量,分别选择不同的阈值和修正因子对外信息进行补偿。仿真结果表明,该算法在高信噪比区域的译码性能高于BP算法,并且计算复杂度大大低于BP算法,是一种适用于各种校验节点度分布,而且是能较好兼顾性能与实现复杂度的译码算法。     

OFDM系统中基于匹配追踪的稀疏信道估计算法研究

针对OFDM系统,利用信道冲激响应的稀疏特性,提出了一种新的OFDM稀疏信道估计算法。它分两步完成：首先利用匹配追踪思想确定出非零抽头系数的位置,然后再采用最小二乘算法完成对非零系数值的二次估计,从而通过减少信道估计参数的个数降低算法复杂度。该算法具有较好的归一化均方误差性能,但在剩余向量更新上还不是很精确,通过改进剩余向量的更新方式,得到了另一种性能更优的OFDMMMP算法。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种改进的Turbo码译码算法及其FPGA实现

为有效降低Turbo码在硬件实现时的译码复杂度并减少其存储资源消耗,将现有Turbo码译码算法中Log-MAP算法和Max-Log-MAP算法进行融合改进,提出一种适于并行计算的改进Max-Log-MAP算法,即在译码计算中间参数的过程中,只将具有多个输入变量的max*(·)运算简化为取最大值的max运算,而对具有2个输入变量的max*(·)运算进行精确计算. 仿真结果表明,改进Max-Log-MAP算法的复杂度可以接近Max-Log-MAP算法,而性能接近Log-MAP算法. 将采用新算法的Turbo码编译码器在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)上实现,并应用于低轨卫星通信系统(LED)中的,能在保证Turbo编译码优异性能的同时,获得较低复杂度和较低资源消耗,有利于减小卫星手持通信终端的体积,降低功耗.      

基于FPGA的WIMAX LDPC码译码器设计与实现

提出了基于TDMP-NMS算法的部分并行LDPC码译码器结构,其具有TDMP算法译码收敛快和NMS算法保持较好误码率性能下实现简单的优点.该译码器支持WIMAX标准中所有码长和码率LDPC码的译码.设计了一种基于桶形移位寄存器的重组网络单元,实现了对该标准中19种码长LDPC码译码的支持.采用一种适合于TDMP算法及其各种简化算法的动态迭代停止准则,使译码器能根据译码情况自适应地调整迭代次数.结果显示所提方案在提高译码器吞吐率的同时有效减少了译码器的硬件资源消耗.     

高吞吐量低资源占用的累积码译码器

由于相邻节点间存在数据依赖关系,基于最小误符号率(Bahl Cocke Jelinek Raviv,BCJR)算法的累积码译码器无法进行多个节点的并行计算。为了提高译码器吞吐量,研究提高BCJR算法并行度的方法,通过将累积码分段,并在不同分段间传递上一次迭代的信息,属于不同分段的多个节点可以并行计算,使译码器的吞吐量得到有效提高,而且相对于不分段译码,分段译码性能也几乎无损。同时,提出一种面向硬件实现的信息更新流程,基于该流程,累积码译码器降低了30%的资源占用。     

面向中国DTTB标准的多码率LDPC译码器

为了简化中国数字电视地面广播(DTTB)标准的信道解码,提出了一种三码率合一的准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)译码器,利用了3种码率QC-LDPC码的结构和参数特点。该译码器采用简化的译码流程、新颖的多码率复用模式和半并行的译码结构,已成功应用于符合中国DTTB标准的接收机芯片设计。仿真和测试结果表明,该译码器在加性白色G auss噪声信道下的误码性能与单码率译码器误码性能相当。硬件实现结果表明,该译码器的资源利用率远远超过了传统的单码率译码器。该译码器结构适用于各种QC-LDPC译码器的简化设计。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.