紫贻贝多糖酶法制备工艺研究

用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶分别提取紫贻贝粗多糖,以及木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶复合酶提紫贻贝粗多糖,木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶复合酶提紫贻贝粗多糖。并分析研究加酶量、料液比、pH和温度对紫贻贝提取率的影响。结果显示:木瓜蛋白酶最佳加酶量1%,料液比1:15 g/m L,pH为7,温度为60℃。提取率为6.65%。中性蛋白酶最佳为加酶量2%,料液比1:15 g/m L,pH为7,温度为50℃,提取率为5.52%。碱性蛋白酶最佳加酶量为2%,料液比1:15 g/m L,pH为10,温度为50℃,提取率为6.89%。木瓜蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶两步联合酶提取最佳提取条件为加酶量1%,料液比1:20 g/m L,pH为7,温度为50℃,此条件下提取率为6.86%。木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶两步联合酶提最佳提取条件为加酶量1%,料液比1:20 g/m L,木瓜蛋白酶缓冲液pH为7,碱性蛋白酶缓冲液pH为10,温度为50℃,此条件下提取率为7.27%。     

纤维素酶提取灵芝多糖的单因素研究

利用纤维素酶从灵芝子实体中提取灵芝多糖,通过单因素实验研究酶量、酶解时间、料液比、酶解温度对灵芝多糖提取率的影响。实验结果表明:纤维素酶能够显著提高灵芝多糖的提取率,提取的最佳工艺条件为酶量2.0%,酶解时间90min,料液比1:30,温度50℃。     

海西黑枸杞多糖酶法提取工艺研究及其体外抗氧化性分析

以青海海西黑枸杞为原料,用酶法辅助提取其中的多糖。对比果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素酶的辅助提取效果,以料液比、加酶量、酶解时间和酶解温度为因素进行单因素实验,考察其对黑枸杞多糖提取率的影响,利用响应面法进一步优化黑枸杞多糖提取工艺参数,并对提取的多糖进行体外抗氧化性分析。结果表明:(1)果胶酶辅助提取黑枸杞多糖的效果最好,最佳提取条件为料液比1∶35(g∶mL)、加酶量0.02 g、酶解时间60 min、酶解温度30℃,提取率达到最大值26.60%,与模型方程理论预测值26.90%相对误差为1.12%;(2)海西黑枸杞多糖对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有较强的清除作用。     

鲢鱼鱼鳞蛋白提取工艺研究

以鲢鱼鱼鳞为研究对象,研究了提取温度,提取时间,料液比对鱼鳞蛋白质提取率的影响,并进一步通过正交实验对其提取工艺进行了优化。研究结果表明:鱼鳞蛋白质提取率随着提取温度、提取时间、料液比的增加而提高。其提取的最佳条件是:提取温度90℃,提取时间6 h,料液比1:25,在此条件下鲢鱼鱼鳞蛋白质的提取率为77.41%。     

响应面法优化纤维素酶提取三叶青多糖的工艺研究

为了优化三叶青多糖的酶法提取工艺,选用纤维素酶提取三叶青多糖。通过单因素试验法和响应面分析法,考察酶加量、酶解温度、酶解时间、水料比这4个因素对三叶青多糖提取率的影响。得到的最佳提取条件为:酶加量0.274%,酶解温度60.5℃,酶解时间62.4 min,水料比25.8∶1(体积∶质量,mL/g),此条件下三叶青多糖的实际提取率为10.47%,与理论最佳提取率10.43%相比,相对误差为0.38%。此结果表明,运用响应面法优化得到的工艺条件准确可靠,能够真实地反映各因素对三叶青多糖提取率的影响,该提取工艺稳定合理、客观可行。     

超声波辅助有机溶剂法浸提大蒜油的研究

本文以新疆吉木萨尔县大蒜为原料,采用有机溶剂法进行大蒜油提取,对影响大蒜油提取率的因素:大蒜的粒度、提取的温度、时间及提取料液比等进行研究。确定了最佳提取条件:大蒜粒度为2—3mm、酶解时间为2h、酶解温度为30℃,提取率0.37%。在此条件下所得大蒜油的提取率最高。     

甘草酸的热回流提取工艺研究

采用热回流提取法,经过粉碎、热回流提取、浓缩、酸沉、过滤等实验过程从甘草中提取粗提甘草酸。以甘草酸的提取率为指标,通过正交实验设计考察乙醇浓度、NaHCO_3添加量、液料比、提取时间和提取温度对甘草酸提取率的影响。结果表明,甘草酸的最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度60%、NaHCO_3添加量0. 4%、液料比15∶1、提取时间2. 5 h、提取温度60℃。在最佳条件下甘草酸的平均提取率为33. 27%。     

采用酶法提取荷叶中的荷叶碱

以晒干粉碎的荷叶为原料,采用纤维素酶预处理,稀盐酸浸提,超声波辅助提取,氯仿萃取方法提取荷叶碱。考察纤维素酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间、酶解酸度、液料比、稀盐酸浸提时间、浸提液中盐酸浓度对荷叶碱提取率的影响,经紫外分光光度计检测所得荷叶碱浓度,确定最佳实验条件。研究结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件是:酶的用量为2.667×10-6mol/(s.g),酶解温度为50℃,酶解时间为2h,酶解酸度pH=5.0,液料比为30:1,浸提时间为16h,盐酸浓度为0.5%,荷叶碱的提取率达到1.105%。     

果胶酶法提取紫甘蓝花青素工艺条件研究

文章探索了果胶酶法提取紫甘蓝花青素的工艺条件.采用单因素试验和正交试验相结合的方法研究不同因素即pH值、酶解温度、酶解时间、酶量和料液比对花青素提取的影响.最佳提取条件是:加酶量0.7%、pH=4、酶解时间是60 min、料液比1︰10、酶解温度40℃.果胶酶法提取紫甘蓝花青素的色价是普通乙醇溶剂法提取的15倍,这为花青素提取技术的研究提供理论参数支持.     

水酶法提取文冠果油的工艺研究

以文冠果仁为原料,采用水酶法提取文冠果油,为推动这一木本油料作物的合理开发提供参考。通过单因素试验探索了酶种类、酶用量、料液比、酶解温度、酶解时间对文冠果油提取率的影响,采用正交试验法优选出文冠果油水酶法提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:5,酶解时间为5h,酶解温度为50℃,酶用量为1.5%。在最佳条件下,文冠果油平均提取率约为65.10%。整个提取工艺具有较好的工业化应用前景,对该植物资源的合理开发利用具有一定指导意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.