吴茱萸的生物碱类成分研究

目的:研究吴茱萸果实的生物碱类成分。方法:综合利用多种色谱方法进行分离纯化;基于波谱数据分析并结合文献数据比对鉴定所分离化合物的结构。结果:从吴茱萸果实的石油醚部位中共分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为吴茱萸碱(1)、吴茱萸次碱(2)、atanin(3)、glycolone(4)、茵芋碱(5)、吴茱萸酰胺I(6)、吴茱萸卡品碱(7)、二氢吴茱萸卡品碱(8)、1-甲基-2-正十一烷基-4-(1H)-喹诺酮(9)和1-甲基-2-正壬基-4-(1H)-喹诺酮(10)。结论:所分离的生物碱均为吴茱萸的特征成分。其中,化合物4为首次从吴茱萸中分离得到。     

HPLC测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱的含量

测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱的含量 ,采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱Sphevisorb -Sio2 (2 5 0mm× 4 6mm )、粒度5 μm(大连依利特公司 ) ,流动相为正庚烷 -异丙醇 -已酸 (89∶10∶1) ,检测波长 2 5 4nm ,流速 1mL·min-1。平均回收率为 10 2 5 % ,RSD =3 14%。线性关系、精密度及重线性都很好。     

苦皮藤中一个倍半萜多醇酯活性化合物的NMR数据解析

1β,2β,8α,15-四乙酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-4α,6α-二羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃[1β,2β,8α,15-tetraacetoxy-9β-benzoxy-4α,6α-dihydroxy-β-dihydroagrofuran]进行了~1H和~(13)C NMR检测,通过DEPT、~1H-~1H COSY、HSQC、HMBC等1D,2D NMR技术对该化合物所有的~1H和~(13)C NMR信号进行了全归属和详细解析.     

云木香挥发油化学成分的研究

目的:对云木香挥发油进行化学成分的研究,为云木香的进一步开发和利用提供科学依据.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法从云木香中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行分析,以归一化法计算各个化学成分的相对含量.结果:共分离出140个峰,鉴定了其中56个化学成分,占挥发油总油量的83.29%.结论:云木香挥发油中的主要成分为(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(20.07%)、1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-[1R-(1α,3aβ,4α,7β)]-薁(10.04%)、石竹烯(6.69%)、3a,4,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-八氢-6-甲基-3,9-二亚甲基-[3aS-(3aα,6aα,9aα,9bβ)]-奥[4,5-b]呋喃-2(3H)-酮(6.37%).     

HPLC法测定吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量

目的采用高效液相色谱法建立一种新的吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量测定方法,为吴茱萸的质量控制提供依据。方法采用Kromasil 100-5C18ODS2色谱柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),流动相为乙腈-水(51:49),流速:1.0 m L/min,检测波长:290 nm。结果吴茱萸碱与吴茱萸次碱均在0.1~1.0μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,吴茱萸碱的回归方程是Y=1130.7X+2.9721,R~2=0.9998(n=6),回收率为100.26%,RSD为1.87%;吴茱萸次碱的回归方程是Y=916.84X-9.9512,R~2=0.9994(n=6),回收率为100.37%,RSD为2.64%。结论该方法准确可靠,操作简便,可以用于吴茱萸的质量控制。     

Celahin B的NMR数据解析

从苦皮藤根皮中分离得到一种4-位无羟基取代的β-二氢沉香呋喃类多元醇酯类化合物:Celahin B(1β,2β,15-三乙酰氧基-4α,6α-二羟基--9β-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃),应用DEPT及1H-1HCOSY,HSQC,HMBC2D NMR技术对该化合物所有的1H和13C NMR信号进行了详细解析和全归属.     

Angulatin E和Angulatin H的NMR数据解析

从苦皮藤根皮中分离得到2个β-二氢沉香呋喃类多元醇酯类化合物:1β,2β-二乙酰氧基-4α,6α-二羟基-8α-异丁酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-15-异戊酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1,Angulatin E),1β,2β,15-三乙酰氧基-4α,6α-二羟基-8α -异丁酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(2,A...     

苦豆子化学成分研究

通过硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、制备型高效液相等色谱方法分离纯化，采用NMR谱学技术鉴定其结构.从苦豆子中分离得到了16个化合物，分别鉴定为：咖啡酸(1)、阿魏酸(2)、咖啡酸乙酯(3)、羟基芫花素(4)、7,3′,4′-三羟基黄酮(5)、7,3′-二羟基-5′-羟甲基异黄酮(6)、7,3′,4′-三羟基异黄酮(7)、大豆苷元(8)、3′,4′-二羟基异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖(9)、赝靛黄素(10)、rothindin(11)、(-)-13,14-去氢槐定碱(12)、(-)-epibaptifoline(13)、槐定碱(14)、槐果碱(15)和氧化槐果碱(16).其中，化合物1～2、4～7、9～11、13为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

胸苷酸合成酶抑制剂雷替曲塞的合成

以L-谷氨酸二乙酯为手性元,采用汇聚合成法分剐以2-氨基-5-甲基-苯甲酸为原料经环合、溴化制得2-甲基-6-溴甲基-3-氢-喹唑啉-4-酮(4),收率为69．1％;以2-噻吩甲醛为原料经硝化、氧化、酰氯化、缩合、还原及N-甲基化制得N—[5-(N-甲氨基)-2-噻吩甲酰基]-L-谷氨酸二乙酯(3),收率为25．4％;2-噻吩甲醛以硝酸-乙酸酐硝化后再经过氧化氢氧化制备5-硝基噻吩-2-甲酸,收率为62．2％;N-(5-氨基-噻吩-2-甲酰基)-L-谷氨酸二乙酯(10)的N-甲烷化反应中采用胺与碘甲烷摩尔比1：1．1,一次性加入碘甲烷,收率为79．9％。化合物3与化合物4缩合生成N—[5-[N—[(3,4-二氢-2-甲基-4-氧-6-喹唑啉基)-甲基]-N-甲氨基]-2-噻吩甲酰基]-L-谷氨酸二乙酯(2),继而水解即得目标化合物雷替曲塞(1),总收率为22．5％。其结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱、高分辨质谱及元素分析确证。     

室温离子液体催化合成丁二酸二异丙酯

合成并表征了N-丁基吡啶硫酸氢盐([BPy]HSO4)、N-丁基吡啶磷酸二氢盐([BPy]H2PO4)、吡啶硫酸氢盐([HPy]HSO4)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([Bmim]HSO4)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐([Bmim]H2PO4)、N-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([Hmim]HSO4)等6种离子液体.首次将离子液体应用于催化合成丁二酸二异丙酯的研究,并探讨了离子液体催化酯化反应机理.结果表明,[HPy]HSO4催化效果较好,在n(酸)∶n(醇)∶n(催化剂)=1∶4∶0.15,80℃,2.5h条件下,丁二酸二异丙酯的收率为82.8%,酯化率可达90.3%.催化剂重复使用10次,活性无明显降低,较传统催化剂表现出明显优势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.