胸苷酸合成酶抑制剂雷替曲塞的合成

以L-谷氨酸二乙酯为手性元,采用汇聚合成法分剐以2-氨基-5-甲基-苯甲酸为原料经环合、溴化制得2-甲基-6-溴甲基-3-氢-喹唑啉-4-酮(4),收率为69．1％;以2-噻吩甲醛为原料经硝化、氧化、酰氯化、缩合、还原及N-甲基化制得N—[5-(N-甲氨基)-2-噻吩甲酰基]-L-谷氨酸二乙酯(3),收率为25．4％;2-噻吩甲醛以硝酸-乙酸酐硝化后再经过氧化氢氧化制备5-硝基噻吩-2-甲酸,收率为62．2％;N-(5-氨基-噻吩-2-甲酰基)-L-谷氨酸二乙酯(10)的N-甲烷化反应中采用胺与碘甲烷摩尔比1：1．1,一次性加入碘甲烷,收率为79．9％。化合物3与化合物4缩合生成N—[5-[N—[(3,4-二氢-2-甲基-4-氧-6-喹唑啉基)-甲基]-N-甲氨基]-2-噻吩甲酰基]-L-谷氨酸二乙酯(2),继而水解即得目标化合物雷替曲塞(1),总收率为22．5％。其结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱、高分辨质谱及元素分析确证。     

咪喹莫特合成工艺的改进

以2,4-二羟基喹啉为起始原料经过硝化、氯代、胺解、硝基还原、环化、苄胺化和脱苄基等七步反应合成了目标产物咪喹莫特.通过7次循环使用硝化反应的母液使2,4-二羟基-3-硝基喹啉(Ⅱ)的平均收率达99%;在95%的乙醇中使用铁粉和盐酸还原4-(2-甲基丙胺基)-2-氯-3-硝基喹啉(Ⅳ),反应完成后添加适量的无水碳酸钾使铁的氧化物容易经过滤与产物分离,得到76%收率的4-(2-甲基丙胺基)-3-氨基-2-氯喹啉(Ⅴ).通过对各个反应条件的改进,硝化、胺解、硝基还原、环化、苄胺化反应的中间产物可不经重结晶直接用于下一步反应,简化了合成工艺,使七步反应总收率超过45%.     

新型含异喹啉类酰化转移配体的合成及其表征

以1-氯异喹啉为原料,通过硝化反应合成得到1-氯-5-硝基异喹啉;再在二异丙基乙基胺为溶剂,和D-苯苷氨醇反应得到(R)-N-(5-硝基异喹啉-2)-2-羟基-1-苯乙胺;再进一步用二氯亚砜和羟基反应生成离去基团,异喹啉上的氮亲核进攻后成环得到含硝基的异喹啉配体。并对产物进行了核磁共振、红外、质谱表征。所得化合物未见文献报道。     

抗癌药物马赛替尼的合成工艺优化

对现有文献报道的马赛替尼合成工艺进行优化改进.以2-甲基-5-硝基苯胺为原料,经缩合、噻吩环化、还原氢化、酰化等反应制备马赛替尼,产物结构经电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS),核磁共振氢谱(~1 H-NMR),核磁共振碳谱(~(13)C-NMR)等确证,并对其中的合成条件进行优化对比研究.结果表明:优化工艺后,马赛替尼的总收率为37.3%(以2-甲基-5-硝基苯胺计),与文献报道的工艺相比,提高了9%;优化后的工艺具有反应时间短、成本低、收率高等特点,更易应用于工业化生产.     

丹皮酚单硝化与二硝化衍生物的合成

文章以浓硝酸/浓硫酸作为硝化剂,对丹皮酚的硝化反应进行研究.在丹皮酚与硝酸的摩尔比为1:1、1:3的情况下,分别合成了丹皮酚的单硝基取代、二硝基取代产物,其中单硝基取代产物经过硅胶柱层析分离得到5-硝基丹皮酚、3-硝基丹皮酚单一产物.所得产物经FTIR、1H-NMR、MS测试确认结构,收率分别为58.1%、29.3%和90.0%.文章在成功合成了3种硝化产物的基础上,对硝基引入产生的理化性质变化进行了阐述.     

2-羟基-4-甲氧基-3'-氨基二苯甲酮与其烷基化物合成研究

以间苯二甲醚(1)与间硝基苯甲酰氯(2)为原料,经Friedel-Crafts反应得到2-羟基-4-甲氧基-3′-硝基二苯甲酮(3). 以CH2Cl2为溶剂,40 ℃,回流反应3 h,n(AlCl3):n(间苯二甲醚):n(间硝基苯甲酰氯)＝3:1.1:1时,产品的收率为71.8%. 化合物3用5% Pd/C催化氢化得到对应的氨基物4,收率为90.2%. 最后,用对甲基苯磺酸酯做烷基化试剂,又得到化合物4的单烷基化产物(91.4%)与双烷基化产物(88.9%). 利用IR、1H NMR及MS等手段对合成的最终产物及一些关键中间体进行了结构表征,结果正确.     

4-(5-芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基硫代)-2-三氟甲基噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶的合成

以5-芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇与2-三氟甲基-4-氯噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶发生亲核取代反应,合成出四种结构新颖的含噻二唑环噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶类含氟衍生物,用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析方法进行了表征.     

N,N′-双(3,5-二氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-3,4-二氨基呋咱的合成

介绍了新型炸药N,N'-双(3,5-二氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-3,4-二氨基呋咱的合成.在碱性介质中,二氯乙二肟(Ⅰ)与3,5-二氯苯胺反应,生成化合物N,N'-二(3,5-二氯苯基)二氨基乙二肟(Ⅱ),收率66%.(Ⅱ)在乙二醇的氢氧化钠溶液中高温脱水,制得化合物N,N'-双(3,5-二氯苯基)-3,4-二氨基呋咱(Ⅲ),收率64%.(Ⅲ)在70℃下于硝酸(w(HNO3)=85%)中硝化3 h,得到目标化合物N,N'-双(3,5-二氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-3,4-二氨基呋咱(Ⅳ),熔点124～125℃,收率82.7%.通过红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱及元素分析确定了3种化合物的结构.     

N,N′-双(3,5-二氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-3,4-二氨基呋咱的合成

介绍了新型炸药N,N′-双(3,5-二氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-3,4-二氨基呋咱的合成.在碱性介质中,二氯乙二肟(Ⅰ)与3,5-二氯苯胺反应,生成化合物N,N′-二(3,5-二氯苯基)二氨基乙二肟(Ⅱ),收率66%.(Ⅱ)在乙二醇的氢氧化钠溶液中高温脱水,制得化合物N,N′-双(3,5-二氯苯基)-3,4-二氨基呋咱(Ⅲ),收率64%.(Ⅲ)在70℃下于硝酸(w(HNO3)=85%)中硝化3 h,得到目标化合物N,N′-双(3,5-二氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-3,4-二氨基呋咱(Ⅳ),熔点124~125℃,收率82.7%.通过红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱及元素分析确定了3种化合物的结构.     

新型抗病毒药物喷昔洛韦的合成

以2-羟甲基-1，4-丁二醇为原料，采用2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤位置有择烷基化反应合成新型抗病毒药物喷昔洛韦，总收率27％。关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经元素分析、质谱、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确证。合成中避免使用高温、高压及腐蚀性试剂，适于工业化生产。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.