朱鹮的环志情况及其生命表的分析研究

采用环志的方法，对朱野外种群进行了６年研究，编制了生命表；并对其繁殖地点变动、繁殖情况及各年龄组的存活情况等现状做了分析，发现洋县朱种群中，当年幼鸟死亡率比较高。增加种群数量的关键是保护１龄幼鸟。     

朱鹮人工种群自然繁育研究技术报告

报道了笼养朱自然孵化育雏研究情况 .通过人为改善朱的笼养环境 ,加强饲养管理 ,笼养朱可以正常产卵、孵化、育雏 ,雏鸟的生长发育趋向野生雏鸟的生长发育状况 .     

朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)人工种群的建立发展与保护对策研究

回顾了世界朱鹮饲养繁殖的历史,并对人工种群发展过程中的保护管理措施和现状进行了总结．从1872年英国伦敦动物园饲养朱鹮开始,朱鹮的饲养已经历了130多年的时间．1981年中国朱鹮重新发现以来,经过科学家的努力,中国朱鹮的人工饲养繁殖,无论从饲养管理、人工繁殖, 还是疾病防治等方面,均取得了突破性进展．截至2004年底,包括日本佐渡、北京动物园、洋县朱鹮 救护饲养中心和陕西楼观台珍稀动物抢救饲养中心的4个种群,世界朱鹮人工种群的数量已达 422只．     

朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)野生种群的现状与保护对策

报道了中国陕西洋县朱鹮野生种群的分布现状,分析了朱鹮的种群动态,如种群数量、出生率和死亡率、年龄结构和性比等．最后叙述了朱鹮种群的保护管理现状,包括种群监测保护、栖息地管理和社区发展战略等．     

绿色农业在朱鹮栖息地保护中的应用

对如何引导和扶持朱鹮栖息地社区农民,开展绿色水稻种植进行论证,并对该区域商业企业的加工、销售,形成产销一条龙进行实践性的尝试,论证了促进朱鹮栖息地生态环境保护和增加农民收入协调发展,获得经济和栖息地保护双赢效益的可能性．该项目成功地建立了公司、农户和保护区的解决自然保护与当地社区经济发展矛盾的社会共管模式,为国内同类保护区的管理提供了示范．     

陕西省朱鹮野化放飞试验探讨

朱鹮野化放飞试验项目是朱鹮种群野外扩展,缓解其濒危状态的重要措施,也是目前拯救朱鹮的必然选择．阐述了陕西省朱鹮野化放飞试验项目的实施背景、必要性、可行性及保障措施、朱 鹮野化放归地点、建设内容和资金来源、实施计划及预期目标等方面的内容,为实施放飞项目提供了科学依据．     

A receptor that mediates the post-mating switch in Drosophila reproductive behaviour

Mating in many species induces a dramatic switch in female reproductive behaviour. In most insects, this switch is triggered by factors present in the male's seminal fluid. How these factors exert such profound effects in females is unknown. Here we identify a receptor for the Drosophila melanogaster sex peptide (SP, also known as Acp70A), the primary trigger of post-mating responses in this species. Females that lack the sex peptide receptor (SPR, also known as CG16752), either entirely or only in the nervous system, fail to respond to SP and continue to show virgin behaviours even after mating. SPR is expressed in the female's reproductive tract and central nervous system. The behavioural functions of SPR map to the subset of neurons that also express the fruitless gene, a key determinant of sex-specific reproductive behaviour. SPR is highly conserved across insects, opening up the prospect of new strategies to control the reproductive and host-seeking behaviours of agricultural pests and human disease vectors.     

鲤鱼中5个Sox基因保守区的克隆和比较

SRY/Sry基因已被公认为是哺乳动物的睾丸决定因子(TestisDeterminingFactor,TDF)基因,它的正确的时空表达是雄性生殖腺形成的关键,即导致哺乳动物胚胎性别决定的开关基因.作为一个大基因家族的首位成员,它的发现诱发了Sox基因家族的研究热潮.Sox基因家族是在动物中发现的一类新的编码转录因子的基因家族,其产物具有一个HMG基序保守区,参与诸如性别决定、骨组织的发育、血细胞生成过程、神经系统的发育、晶状体的发育等多种早期胚胎发育过程.鱼类是脊椎动物中进化地位较低的一类生物,除了个别种类出现了与性别相关的染色体外,绝大多数都无异形性染色体,说明了鱼类正处于性别染色体进化的重要时刻.研究鱼类中的Sox基因对于研究SRY的发生、性别染色体的进化以及性别的决定机制有着重要的意义.本实验利用兼并引物PCR的方法,参照Sox基因的HMG-box区氨基酸序列设计简并引物,对鲤鱼(Cyrinuscarpio)的基因组进行扩增,获得5个新的基因片段.经过在Genbank中进行同源性比较和分析,证明它们是鲤鱼的Sox基因并分别命名为CcSox3、CcSox4、CcSox11、CcSox14、CcSox21.与鲤鱼中的这些Sox基因具有最高同源性的基因分别是OlSox3,同源性为94.03%;CvSox4基因,同源性为88.06%;DrSox11基因,同源性为97.01%;MmSox14和HsSox14基?     

Genetic evidence equating SRY and the testis-determining factor

The testis-determining factor gene (TDF) lies on the Y chromosome and is responsible for initiating male sex determination. SRY is a gene located in the sex-determining region of the human and mouse Y chromosomes and has many of the properties expected for TDF. Sex reversal in XY females results from the failure of the testis determination or differentiation pathways. Some XY females, with gonadal dysgenesis, have lost the sex-determining region from the Y chromosome by terminal exchange between the sex chromosomes or by other deletions. If SRY is TDF, it would be predicted that some sex-reversed XY females, without Y chromosome deletions, will have suffered mutations in SRY. We have tested human XY females and normal XY males for alterations in SRY using the single-strand conformation polymorphism assay and subsequent DNA sequencing. A de novo mutation was found in the SRY gene of one XY female: this mutation was not present in the patient's normal father and brother. A second variant was found in the SRY gene of another XY female, but in this case the normal father shared the same alteration. The variant in the second case may be fortuitously associated with, or predisposing towards sex reversal; the de novo mutation associated with sex reversal provides compelling evidence that SRY is required for male sex determination.     

浦东拟黑麻蝇三龄幼虫记述(双翅目:麻蝇科)

调查中在上海浦东芦苇荡里的死螃蜞体内发现三龄幼虫,经饲养羽化出浦东拟黑麻蝇Beziella pudongensis Fan,Chen et Lu,sp.n.(武夷科学,待发表)雄、雌成虫.本新种三令幼虫记述,亦是拟黑麻蝇属中的幼虫首次报道. 本新种与黑尾黑麻蝇Helicophagella melanura(Meigen)的雄虫虽貌似而不近缘,本文从它们三龄幼虫的体壁、口咽器、前气门、后气门、后突起群的突形等都有很大差异,而生态习性也显然不同,黑尾黑麻蝇幼虫常在人、畜粪中发现,是住区常见蝇种之一,而浦东拟黑麻蝇幼虫仅在大片芦苇荡地表的死螃蜞体内发现.两者绝非近缘属、种.     

Mapping of a new gene for brown planthopper resistance in cultivated rice introgressed fromOryza eichingeri

Wild rice species is an important source of useful genes for cultivated rice improvement. Some accessions of Oryza eichingeri (2n = 24, CC) from Africa confer strong resistance to brown planthopper (BPH), whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) and bacterial blight (BB). In the present study, restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) analysis were performed on disomic backcross plants between Oryza sativa (2n = 24, AA) and O. eichingeri in order to identify the presence of O. eichingeri segments and further to localize BPH-resistant gene. In the introgression lines, 1—6 O. eichingeri segments were detected on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 6, or/and 10. The dominant BPH resistant gene, tentatively named Bph13(t), was mapped to chromosome 2, being 6.1 and 5.5 cM away from two microsatellite markers RM240 and RM250, respectively. The transfer and localization of this gene from O. eichingeri will contribute to the improvement of BPH resistance in cultivated rice.     

中国南方沿海13种石斑鱼类的分子系统进化关系分析

石斑鱼类(Groupers)是世界性海洋经济鱼类,也是中国南方沿海省份重要的海水增养殖对象,其种类繁多,由于缺乏明显的种间外部形态区别特征,石斑鱼的分类一直是鱼类系统分类学的一个难题,存在着较多的争议和混淆。为了从分子水平揭示石斑鱼类的系统进化关系,应用线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)及两个核糖体RNA基因(16S和12S)序列联合构建系统进化树对中国近海石斑鱼亚科3属13种进行种类鉴定及亲缘关系分析,探讨了石斑鱼类的分子系统进化。结果表明:①线粒体基因序列在石斑鱼类种间存在较大的变异,种内变异极小,是进行石斑鱼类种类鉴定较为适宜的分子标记;②所研究的3属13种石斑鱼类中,石斑鱼属与九棘鲈属的亲缘关系较近,与鳃棘鲈属的较远;③赤点石斑鱼和青石斑鱼、蜂巢石斑鱼与鲑点石斑鱼、斜带石斑鱼与棕斑石斑鱼两两间具有较近的亲缘关系。     

Male non-coding RNA genes identified by comparative genomic analysis of the Drosophila genomes

This issue published a research article by Yang et al. of Peking University “Significant divergence of sex-re-lated non-coding RNA expression patterns among closely related species in Drosophila”. In a genomic     

SRY基因在部分动物类群系统进化中保守性研究

用特异于人 HMG- box区域的一对引物 ,对脊推动物 5个纲 10个物种及 2种无脊推动物的基因组 DNA进行 PCR扩增 ,并以 dig标记的人 SRY基因为探针 ,与扩增产物进行 Southern杂交 ,结果表明 :在这 12个物种中都存在 SRY基因的同源序列 ,无脊推动物克氏螯虾及背角无齿蚌杂交中显色较慢 ,表明 SRY基因在系统进化中具有高度的保守性且同源程度与物种在进化上的地位有关     

Female transference and mate choice among Tana River red colobus.

Red colobus are one of a small number of primate species in which females have been reported to transfer between breeding groups more commonly than males. Several authors have hypothesised that in such species transference may serve to reduce the risk to females of producing offspring of lower fitness through inbreeding. The hypothesis offers no explanation of why females rather than males are responsible for outbreeding in these species, but remains plausible so long as male membership of breeding groups is relatively stable; for once members of one sex have evolved dispersal mechanisms reducing the risk of inbreeding, pressures on the other sex to do likewise will be lowered. Hence, if both sexes commonly migrate, the hypothesis is weakened. I describe here the membership dynamics of a group of Tana River red colobus, Colobus badius rufomitratus, which provide the first evidence of high rates of membership turnover by both sexes in primates, and speculate that the function of female transference in this case may be related to mate choice and the avoidance of infanticide.     

与银杏性别相关的RAPD标记

应用Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)技术,筛选与银杏性别相关的分子标记,应用150个10bp随机单引物及110对随机引物组合,检测了雌雄银杏的基因组DNA,获得1个与雄性相关的RAPD标记,该标记的获得,可望进一步转化为Sequence Characterized Amplification Region(SCAR)标记或PCR标记,用于银杏早期的性别鉴定,同时该标记的获得为进一步克隆与其性别相关的基因奠定了基础。     

利用12S rRNA基因标记鉴定鱼翅真伪

为检测鱼翅样本真伪及鲨鱼种属,通过提取送检鱼翅、鱼翅羹样本DNA,扩增其线粒体DNA上的用于动物种属鉴定的12S rRNA基因片段,并进行DNA测序和序列分析,测序结果在GenBank上进行BLAST搜索,与数据库中相关物种序列进行同源性分析。结果表明,在送检的23份样本中,18份鱼翅羹样本、2份粉丝状鱼翅、1份翅状鱼翅中均未成功提取到DNA,未扩增出目的基因片段,而从2份鱼翅样本中成功地提取到了基因组总DNA,并成功扩增出了12S rRNA基因片段,这2份样本的12S rRNA基因片段的碱基序列分别与黑边鳍真鲨(Carcharhinus limbatus)、斜锯牙鲨(Rhizoprionodon terraenovae)的同源性达到99%。对鉴定出含有鲨鱼成分的2份样本进行高温泡发处理,高温泡发实验表明,1份样本(22号)有明胶析出。研究证实,12SrRNA基因序列测定技术能准确、快速鉴定待检样本中是否含有鲨鱼成分,结合高温泡发时是否有明胶析出可综合判定鱼翅真伪。     

寄蝇亚科部分物种线粒体COl基因DNA条形码分类

DNA条形码分类(DNA Barcoding)是以生物线粒体DNA为工具来鉴定物种的新方法,是外来物种快速鉴定、物种分类与系统发育和进化分析的基础.研究以我国辽宁地区常见的寄蝇亚科(双翅目:寄蝇科)2族4属6种为对象,扩增和测定COI基因部分序列,对得到数据用MEGA4软件分析计算,构建该类群分子系统发育树.分析表明:...     

哺乳动物MHC密码子使用概率的聚类分析

利用系统聚类分析方法对随机选取的3种哺乳动物的60个主要组织相容性复合体（MHCⅠ类和Ⅱ类）基因的mRNA序列进行了同义密码子使用概率偏性研究。结果发现，不同物种的MHC基因群中类型相同的基因具有相近的同义密码子使用偏性，而对于同一类型的基因由物种引起的同义密码子使用偏性的差异较小。即功能和类型决定密码子使用模式的大的分类，而物种决定该大类中进一步的差异。基因密码子偏向性的研究对于大幅度增加目标蛋白的产量具有重要的意义。该结果也为基因分类和基因功能的预测提供了新的生物信息学方法。