正交设计提取沙田柚皮总生物碱

用正交试验法对沙田柚皮中的总生物碱提取工艺进行了优选研究.采用正交表L16(45),以提取时间、提取温度、提取次数、提取剂中乙醇含量以及料液比为因素,以总生物碱显色液的吸光度为指标进行试验.得到了最佳提取参数:温度为75℃,时间1.0h,提取次数3次,提取溶剂为85%的乙醇,料液比为1∶10.该实验结果为改善柚皮生物碱的提取方法提供了实验基础.     

黄柏中总生物碱的提取工艺优化

目的 通过正交法来确定黄柏总生物碱不同溶剂提取的最佳工艺.方法 以黄柏为原料,分别以水、乙醇为提取剂,提取黄柏生物碱.采用单因素试验,按照所给定的条件和生物碱含量测定方法,进行不同的提取时间、提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度的单因素实验,考察了各因素对生物碱提取率的影响.根据单因素实验得出的显著条件,以盐酸小檗碱含量为考察指标,利用L9(33)正交实验方法优选提取工艺,确定最佳工艺条件.结果 以水为提取剂的最佳工艺条件组合是100 ℃水浴下提取次数为4次,提取时间为2.5 h,料液比1:16.提取的盐酸小檗碱含量是46.55 mg/g.乙醇为提取剂的最佳工艺条件组合是70 ℃水浴下乙醇浓度为70 %,料液比1:12,提取时间为80 min,提取次数为3次.提取的盐酸小檗碱含量是68.49 mg/g.结论 提取工艺设计合理,优选的工艺稳定可行,操作简便,提取剂为乙醇比水的提取时间短,节省能源,总生物碱提取率高32.03%.     

正交试验法优选田七花总黄酮的提取工艺

用正交试验法对田七花中的总黄酮提取工艺进行优化.以田七花中的总黄酮含量为考察指标,采用正交试验L9(34)表进行实验,对提取过程中的乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取次数及料液比四个影响因素进行研究.结果显示影响田七花中的总黄酮提取工艺的显著因素是提取次数,最佳提取工艺是:12倍量的80%的乙醇提取3次,每次1 h.     

微波法提取丁香色素

研究微波法提取丁香中食用色素的最佳工艺条件。方法：称取一定量的备用原料,选取微波功率、辐射时间、提取剂浓度、原料用量（g）与提取剂用量（mL）的配比（料液比）等进行单因素试验与正交试验。结果：微波功率是影响提取丁香色素的主要因素;影响丁香色素提取的顺序是微波功率〉料液比〉辐射时间〉提取剂浓度;最优工艺条件是微波辐射功率为500 W,辐射时间为120 s,提取剂为20%乙醇溶液,料液比为1 g：8 mL;提取液浓度与料液比之间存在交互作用。结论：正交试验是省时省力、结果易得的实用方法。     

正交试验法优化栀子多糖的提取工艺

为了研究栀子多糖的最佳提取工艺,利用正交实验对栀子多糖的提取工艺进行优化。在单因素实验的基础上选取实验因素与水平,设计四因素三水平正交实验。以栀子多糖提取率为指标,优化最佳提取工艺。试验结果表明:各实验因素影响主次顺序为提取次数料液比提取时间。栀子多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为提取次数3次,料液比1∶30,提取时间3.5h,采用此工艺条件提取多糖提取率为3.12%。     

萝芙木总生物碱的超声辅助提取工艺研究

采用正交设计,以浸膏得率、总生物碱得率为指标,以提取溶剂浓度、提取时间、料液比、提取次数为实验因素,优化萝芙木中总生物碱的超声辅助提取工艺.结果表明,正交试验方案所得萝芙木总生物碱最佳提取工艺为:85％酸性乙醇,提取时间15 min,料液比为1∶10,提取次数4次.该提取工艺稳定、可行,可为改进现有萝芙木总生物碱的提取工艺提供有益参考.     

正交试验法优选铃兰总黄酮的提取工艺

采用正交试验法研究铃兰中总黄酮的提取工艺,考察了乙醇含量、提取时间、提取次数、以及料液比等5个因素对铃兰总黄酮含量的影响.确立了铃兰总黄酮最佳提取条件为:70%的乙醇,提取时间为0.5h,提取次数为3次,料液比为1∶15.     

基于正交试验与星点设计—效应面法的桑枝总黄酮提取工艺研究

分别采用正交试验和星点设计—效应面法优选桑枝总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,分析了两种方法的差别并进行统计分析.星点设计优选出的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度50%、提取次数3次、提取时间120 min、液料比12 mL/g.正交试验优选出的最佳工艺为乙醇浓度50%、提取次数3次、提取时间60 min、液料比14 mL/g.星点设计—效应面法优选出的桑枝总黄酮提取工艺更符合工业实际生产,且较正交试验优选出桑枝总黄酮提取工艺更合理可行.     

乙醇回流法提取山豆根总生物碱的工艺研究

以山豆根为原料,利用乙醇回流法提取山豆根总生物碱,通过考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数四个单因素和L9(34)正交试验设计,对山豆根总生物碱的提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:影响山豆根总生物碱提取含量的各因素主次顺序为:乙醇浓度(A)>料液比(B)>提取时间(C)>提取次数(D),优选出的最佳提取工艺组合为:A2B2C3D2,即乙醇浓度为40%,料液比为1∶20,提取时间2h,提取2次。在此条件下,山豆根总生物碱的提取含量为16.8537 mg.g-1。     

石榴花中红色素的提取及工艺研究

石榴花红色素是一种优质的天然红色索,在医药、食品、轻工业等行业具有广泛的应用价值。本文以石榴花作为原料,对石榴花红色素的提取条件进行了系统研究,采用了单因素和正交试验确定了浸提溶剂浓度、提取温度、料液比,提取时间及提取次数对石榴花红色素提取的影响。结果表明：石榴花红色素的最大吸收波长λmax=500nm,从石榴花中提取色素的最佳工艺条件：以pH（2～3）的50％的乙醇为浸提剂、浸提温度为40℃、提取时间3h、料液比为1：10、提取次数4次。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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