鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在长春南湖水体中的存活

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是著名的致病菌,并能够在湖水等多种环境中存活。人类可能通过食用携带病菌的食物或接触含有病菌的水体等多种方式遭受它们的入侵。因此,实验旨在研究沙门氏菌在水体中的存活规律,为保障公众健康提供依据。将沙门氏菌接种到采于长春市南湖水体的10个水样中进行培养,并使用Weibull分布模型和线性模型模拟沙门氏菌的存活动态,同时分析了水体理化性质对细菌存活的影响。Weibull模型拟合沙门氏菌在10个水样中的存活时间分布在9.44~27.94 d之间,而线性模型拟合结果在9.27~23.01 d之间。研究表明,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的存活时间与水样电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)成正相关关系。在一定范围内,随着电导率的增加,细菌存活时间也有所增加。     

大肠杆菌O157∶H7胶体金免疫层析快速检测法的建立

建立一种大肠杆菌O157∶H7的胶体金免疫层析快速筛查方法.利用胶体金免疫层析技术,采用双抗体夹心法检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7,对该法进行敏感性、特异性和食品样品的适用性分析.该法能在10 min内完成检测;该试纸条仅与O157∶H7阳性样品发生特异性反应;大肠杆菌O157∶H7的最低检出浓度为1×105 cfu/mL.新建立的大肠杆菌O157∶H7胶体金免疫层析试验简便、快速,特异性和灵敏度较好,适用于现场样品的快速筛查.     

磁性富集荧光法检测大肠杆菌

为研究大肠杆菌的高灵敏快速检测方法,建立一种基于萘酰亚胺标记的DNA探针和磁性四氧化三铁氧化石墨烯分离的大肠杆菌O157:H7检测方法。将标记萘酰亚胺的ssDNA(单链DNA)作为捕获探针吸附在磁性氧化石墨烯表面,当目标ssDNA存在时,捕获探针与之部分杂交,利用磁场将目标ssDNA捕获并富集。然后加入释放探针完成杂交,使标记荧光的捕获探针从磁性氧化石墨烯的表面释放出来,通过测定溶液荧光强度可以实现大肠杆菌O157:H7的高灵敏检测。实验结果表明:在一定条件下,O157:H7数量的对数值和荧光强度与空白值荧光强度的比值(F/F_0)呈线性关系,线性范围为150~1.5×10~6个/m L,经过富集后检出限可达100个/m L。该方法灵敏度高,检出限低,耗时较短,操作简单,为致病菌的高灵敏检测提供新思路。     

大肠杆菌在微塑料上定殖自主实验

环境中微塑料的浓度正逐年上升.微生物在微塑料上形成生物膜从而会影响其在水中的沉降和传输行为,并且可能影响病原微生物在水体中的输移.通过大肠杆菌的培养、 结晶紫染色和平板计数法分析了水体中溶解性有机物浓度对大肠杆菌在微塑料上的定殖,并分析了羟基自由基的产生对定殖的影响.结果发现水中溶解性有机物可以促进大肠杆菌的定殖.该实...     

间接酶联免疫吸附技术检测活的非可培养状态的大肠杆菌O157：H7

大肠杆菌O157：H7在低温贫营养的条件下可进入的非可培养状态（Viable but nonculturable state,VBNC)，用常规的培养法无法将其检出。作者利用间接酶联免疫吸附技术（Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)检测VBNC的大肠杆菌O157：H7，发现此方法可以快速有效地将其检出，最小检测浓度为10^5个／mL。     

大肠杆菌O157:H7基因组研究进展

对大肠杆菌O157：H7基因组的结构、特点等近年来的研究进展进行了综述。     

大肠杆菌O157：H7的活的非可培养状态

将大肠村菌O157：H7培养于低温养条件下,以涂布平板法（PC）和最大近似值法（MPN）检测可培养细菌数,95－115d后表明可培养菌数下降为零,吖啶橙荧光显微镜直接计数法（AODC）检测细胞总数,表明细菌总数始变化不大,而活菌直接镜检计数（DVC）检测到的活菌数保持在10^6个／ml,实验证明了大肠杆菌O157：H7在一定的条件下可进入活的非可培养状态（VBNC）。     

快速检验食品中沙门氏菌和O157:H7大肠杆菌

利用沙门氏菌快速检验装置(Oxoid公司出口）和可视免疫沉淀物（VIP）试剂盒（BioControlSystems公司出口）对广西桂林市的七星区某农贸市场的20种食品进行了沙门氏菌和O157：H7大肠杆菌的快速抽样检验，结果发现，其中的11种食品的沙门氏菌呈阳性反应，4种食品的O157：H7大肠杆菌也呈阳性反应，与目前国内普遍使用的传统检验方法相比，该方法具有快速、简便、高效、准确的特点。     

水中脉冲高压放电诱导产生H_2O_2和O_3的研究

采用自制的针一筒电极脉冲高压放电装置进行水中高压放电诱导产生H2O2和O3的实验,研究了电极间距,放电电压,放电时间,放电方式曝气条件等因素对诱导产生H2O2和O3的影响,同时对放电过程能耗及其效率进行了研究.结果表明:电极间距和放电时间对产生H2O2和O2的浓度有较大影响,放电电压和放电方式影响不大.曝气条件下进行高压放电时,水中会产生NO2ˉ,NO2ˉ等阴离子,水体系pH降低,电导率增大.放电过程能量有效利用率为88.3%.     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7感染小鼠动物模型的初步建立

目的　建立肠出血性大肠杆菌O15 7:H7感染小鼠动物模型。方法　选用离乳小鼠随机分组 ,先以丝裂霉素和萘啶酮酸处理 ,提高小鼠对肠出血性大肠杆菌O15 7的敏感性 ,再分别以不同剂量口服接种肠出血性大肠杆菌O15 7:H7EDL933W ,进行临床和病理学检查。结果　利用对O15 7不易感的小鼠 ,复制出人类感染O15 7所出现的主要病理变化和部分临床症状 ,初步建立了动物模型。讨论　该动物模型对探索肠出血性大肠杆菌O15 7:H7的感染机制、毒力因子的作用有重要意义 ,并为O15 7:H7的疫苗侯选株安全性的评价打下初步基础。     

Genome sequence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

The bacterium Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a worldwide threat to public health and has been implicated in many outbreaks of haemorrhagic colitis, some of which included fatalities caused by haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Close to 75,000 cases of O157:H7 infection are now estimated to occur annually in the United States. The severity of disease, the lack of effective treatment and the potential for large-scale outbreaks from contaminated food supplies have propelled intensive research on the pathogenesis and detection of E. coli O157:H7 (ref. 4). Here we have sequenced the genome of E. coli O157:H7 to identify candidate genes responsible for pathogenesis, to develop better methods of strain detection and to advance our understanding of the evolution of E. coli, through comparison with the genome of the non-pathogenic laboratory strain E. coli K-12 (ref. 5). We find that lateral gene transfer is far more extensive than previously anticipated. In fact, 1,387 new genes encoded in strain-specific clusters of diverse sizes were found in O157:H7. These include candidate virulence factors, alternative metabolic capacities, several prophages and other new functions--all of which could be targets for surveillance.     

Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate

The human gut is colonized with a wide variety of microorganisms, including species, such as those belonging to the bacterial genus Bifidobacterium, that have beneficial effects on human physiology and pathology. Among the most distinctive benefits of bifidobacteria are modulation of host defence responses and protection against infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have barely been elucidated. To investigate these mechanisms, we used mice associated with certain bifidobacterial strains and a simplified model of lethal infection with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, together with an integrated 'omics' approach. Here we show that genes encoding an ATP-binding-cassette-type carbohydrate transporter present in certain bifidobacteria contribute to protecting mice against death induced by E. coli O157:H7. We found that this effect can be attributed, at least in part, to increased production of acetate and that translocation of the E. coli O157:H7 Shiga toxin from the gut lumen to the blood was inhibited. We propose that acetate produced by protective bifidobacteria improves intestinal defence mediated by epithelial cells and thereby protects the host against lethal infection.     

宣威火腿中抗菌肽的分离、纯化及鉴定

为探究干腌火腿中生物活性多肽的抗菌活性及其组成,选取产自中国云南省曲靖地区的宣威火腿为材料,通过缓冲液浸提的方法提取火腿中的多肽成分。以粗提多肽对单增李斯特菌和O157型大肠杆菌的生长抑制情况为指标进行抗菌性评价,同时结合离子交换色谱、尺寸排阻色谱等技术对宣威火腿粗多肽进行分离与纯化,并选取其中抑菌活性较强的组分进行氨基酸序列测定。抑菌实验发现宣威火腿粗多肽具有显著抑制单增李斯特菌和O157型大肠杆菌生长的效果；经过逐级分离纯化得到的各组分具有不同的抑菌活性。其中组分7活性最强,对大肠杆菌和李斯特菌的抑菌率分别为98%和56%。通过Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS肽序列鉴定,最终得到抑菌活性较强的多肽序列,分别为QYYNGEEHVRFDSDVGEYR、LRNLPNLEVLDLGTNFI、FASFEAQGALANIAVDK。将鉴定得到的3条多肽化学合成后进行抑菌实验发现,合成多肽均具有较好的抑菌效果,对O157型大肠杆菌的生长抑制效果均显著高于单增李斯特菌。研究结果表明宣威火腿中含有抑菌效果的肽类成分,从而为阐释宣威火腿多肽的功能特征提供理论依据。     

小鼠腹水瘤巨噬细胞对大肠杆菌O157免疫应答的膜蛋白质组学研究

采用膜亚蛋白质组学方法研究小鼠腹水瘤巨噬细胞Raw 264.7对致病性大肠杆菌O157的免疫应答反应,筛选并鉴定到24个差异表达的膜蛋白质.这些膜蛋白质与细胞免疫、细胞周期、细胞发育、细胞骨架、细胞生长等有关.在蛋白质水平上对巨噬细胞与大肠杆菌间的相互作用关系进行了一些探索性研究,为进一步揭示机体对病原反应的作用机制提供理论基础.     

Antimicrobial Materials: Synthesis of Reactive 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin Derivative and Application in Cellulose with Dyeing Process

The efficient and regenerable antibacterial properties of Nhalamines make them an ideal candidate for parapretion of antimicrobial textiles. In this study,a 5,5-dimethylhydantoin-based reactive N-halamine precursor, 4-( 4-( 3-( 3-hydroxypropyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazinylamino)-benzenesulfonate( HTB), was synthesized and characterized by ~1H-NMR. The synthesized compound was coated to cotton fabrics via reactive dye dyeing process. The coated cotton showed excellent antimicrobial activities against S. aureus( Gram-positive) and E. coli O157: H7( Gram-negative) with short contact times after exposing to diluted household bleach. The treatment method used in this study has a small effect on the tensile strength of cotton fabrics. The durability and regenerability of the chlorinated cotton samples were tested.Although the chlorine content decreased towards washing and storage,almost all of the initial oxidative chlorine levels could be regained after rechlorination.     

Parallel evolution of virulence in pathogenic Escherichia coli

The mechanisms underlying the evolution and emergence of new bacterial pathogens are not well understood. To elucidate the evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, here we sequenced seven housekeeping genes to build a phylogenetic tree and trace the history of the acquisition of virulence genes. Compatibility analysis indicates that more than 70% of the informative sites agree with a single phylogeny, suggesting that recombination has not completely obscured the remnants of ancestral chromosomes. On the basis of the rate of synonymous substitution for E. coli and Salmonella enterica (4.7 x 10(-9) per site per year), the radiation of clones began about 9 million years ago and the highly virulent pathogen responsible for epidemics of food poisoning, E. coli O157:H7, separated from a common ancestor of E. coli K-12 as long as 4.5 million years ago. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that old lineages of E. coli have acquired the same virulence factors in parallel, including a pathogenicity island involved in intestinal adhesion, a plasmid-borne haemolysin, and phage-encoded Shiga toxins. Such parallel evolution indicates that natural selection has favoured an ordered acquisition of genes and the progressive build-up of molecular mechanisms that increase virulence.