例谈连续型随机变量独立性的一种判别方法

教材上常说：连续型随机变量X与Y相互独立的充要条件是密度函数可分离变量．但有许多例子，随机变量（X，Y）的密度函数虽然“可分离变量”，X与Y却不相互独立．本文对这一模棱两可的问题进行了分析．     

任意两个秩序统计量的联合分布

设X(1),…,X(n)是来自于一个连续分布总体的随机样本X1,…,Xn的秩序统计量,给出了任意两个秩序统计量的联合分布函数和联合密度函数的推导证明,从而为其进一步应用打下了基础.     

二维连续型随机变量独立性的判定

给出了二维连续型随机变量独立性的一个判定定理、两个推论,并举例说明用此结论判断二维连续型随机变量的独立性时,不需要计算边缘密度函数,只从联合概率密度的形式上就能判断出X与Y的独立性。     

Copulas于二维样本极值概率积分变换分布分析中的应用

借助于Copula这一工具对在具有联合分布H(x,y)的二维总体(X,Y)经概率积分变换得到的随机变量H(X,Y)的分布函数K(V)给定条件下,求出关于次序统计量X(n)=max{X1,X2,…,Xn}和Y(n)=max{Y1,Y2,…,Yn}经概率积分变换得到的随机变量Hn(X(n),Y(n))的分布函数Kn(v)的方法进行了研究,并找出了Kn(v)不随样本容量n变化的情形,进而得到了较准确地刻画二维R.V相依性的相关性指标Kendall's τ.     

关于分布变点问题的非参数统计推断

若X1,… ,Xr,Xr 1,… ,Xn 是一列独立的随机变量 ,且X1,… ,Xriid .～F1及Xr 1,… ,Xniid .～F2 ,其中F1(已知 )与F2 (未知 )为两个不同的连续分布函数 ;称r/n(记为t0 )为该序列的变点 .用Kolmogorov型统计量 ,我们给出了检测变点t0 位置的一个程序 ,并证明了所得结果是强相合的 ;同时也讨论了t0 的假设检验和区间估计     

卷积等价分布族的封闭性

研究卷积等价分布族关于卷积运算的封闭性是应用概率论中的一个基本理论问题。本文类比次指数分布族在其运算下的封闭性,首先给出卷积等价分布族关于卷积封闭的若干充要条件。在此基础上,设X,Y是两个相互独立的实值随机变量,最后分别给出了max(X,Y)关于卷积等价分布族封闭的充要条件以及min(X,Y)关于卷积等价分布族封闭的充分条件。     

独立Pareto元件构成系统的随机比较

设X1……,Xn是独立的随机变量,Xi～Pareto(α,βi),i=1,2,…,n.令Y1,…,Yn是另一组独立的随机变量,Yi～Pareto(α,γi),i=1,2,…,n.假设β- γ.研究了最小的次序统计量X1:n.和Y1:n之间的随机比较,特别,当n=2时,证明了(X(2)|X(1)=x)关于x随机递增,并且证明了(X(2)| X(1)=x)≥st(Y(2)|Y(1)=x).     

两两NQD序列密度函数核估计的r阶平均相合性

两两NQD序列是一类重要的随机变量序列,NA序列是它的一种特殊情况.{Xn,n≥1} 为同分布的两两NQD随机变量序列,f(x)为X1的概率密度函数.基于样本X1,X2,...,Xn,本文给出了密度函数f(x)的核估计,并证明了其r阶平均相合性.     

随机变量函数f(X)(依概率)的最优幂级数逼近

一些文献中给出了两个随机变量依概率线性表示的充要条件。本文论证了随机变量函数f(X)依概率展成幂级数的两个充分条件及其推论。     

幂赋范下的极值大偏差

(Xn,n≥1)为独立同分布随机变量序列,Mn=max(X1,…,Xn).本文在二阶广义正规变换函数条件下得到了幂赋范情形中Mn分布更为精确的一致渐近展开,以及相应的更为精确的极值大偏差结果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.