大晶粒Ni-Al合金的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为 2 2 0μm的 Ni- 40 % Al(原子分数 )单相合金的高温变形行为 .结果表明 ,该合金在 1 0 0 0～ 1 1 0 0°C温区 ,5× 1 0 -4～ 5× 1 0 -5s-1的应变速率范围内呈现超塑性变形 ,在1 0 5 0°C应变速率为 2 .5× 1 0 -4s-1时 ,最大延伸率可达 340 % ,相应的应变速率敏感指数为 0 .3,表观激活能为 2 89k J/mol.原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后显著细化 ,而大晶粒超塑性是由高温变形过程中发生连续回复和再结晶所致 .     

大晶粒TiAl基合金的超塑性变形行为

研究了大晶粒 Ti- 47Al- 2 Mn- 2 Nb- B合金的高温变形行为 .该合金具有近等轴 γ组织 ,其间均匀分布着少量极细的 α2 相 .测试在空气中进行 ,试样用釉涂覆加以保护 ,温度为 10 2 5～ 110 0°C,初始应变速率范围为 (0 .0 4～1.2 8)× 10 - 3 s- 1 .该合金表现出和常规细晶超塑性材料相同的变形特征 ,而无需满足细晶和晶界滑移的先决条件 .在所研究的大多数情况下 ,均可获得 2 0 0 %以上的延伸率 .110 0°C,4× 10 - 5 s- 1均匀变形条件下可获得 2 87.5 %的最大延伸率 ,相应的应变速率敏感指数为 0 .39.超塑变形后观察到显著的晶粒细化 .     

Ni-42Al单相金属间化合物的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为200μm的富Ni单相Ni-42Al金属间化合物的高温变形行为及组织演变规律.结果表明,该合金在1 000~1 100℃、应变速率(0.125~2)×10-3s-1内呈现超塑性变形,在1 075℃、应变速率为10-3s-1时,最大延伸率可达306%.研究发现,该合金的应变速率敏感指数m与应变温度及应变速率相关.实验条件下,m值在0.2~0.3变化.显微结构分析表明,原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后显著细化,大晶粒超塑性变形是通过位错的交滑移与攀移等交互作用发生的连续动态回复和再结晶导致的.     

温轧态Fe3Al-Ti合金的低温超塑性

采用拉伸试验研究了温轧态 Fe3Al- Ti合金 Fe- 2 8Al- 2 Ti的低温变形行为 .发现当应变速率为 1.2 5× 10 - 4 s- 1和 2 .5× 10 - 4 s- 1时 ,该合金在 6 0 0～ 70 0℃具有超塑性 .70 0℃时断裂延伸率可达 389%,根据试验数据计算出应变速率敏感指数一般低于 0 .3.金相组织观察表明 ,变形过程中发生了动态回复和动态再结晶 ,从而导致了温轧态 Fe3Al- Ti合金的超塑性 .     

20CrMnTiH齿轮钢高温塑性变形特性

以20CrMnTiH齿轮钢为研究对象,在变形温度850~1 150 °C和应变速率0.01~10 s-1的变形条件下,采用高温压缩热模拟实验研究其塑性变形特性.发现：变形温度850 °C时的流动应力为1 150 °C时的2~3倍,应变速率10 s-1时的应力值为应变速率0.01 s-1时的2~3倍,在高温和低应变速率的条件下发生了连续动态再结晶;从微观组织来看,随变形温度升高,再结晶晶粒沿着初始晶粒的晶界长大并形成新晶粒,变形温度1 050 °C时,多次动态再结晶使得晶粒长大明显.根据采用双曲正弦函数修正的Arrhenius方程,利用线性回归法求出相应的热变形激活能为371.053 kJ/mol.利用加工图确定了相应的热变形过程最佳工艺参数范围,即变形温度为1 020~1 150 °C,应变速率为0.5~2.5 s-1.

     

煤巷锚杆用钢在低应变速率下的力学性能

研究了低应变速率对煤巷锚杆用Q2 35钢、热轧和淬火回火 2 0MnSi钢力学性能的影响。与常规拉力试验相比 (应变速率为 2 .5× 10 -4～ 2 .5× 10 -3 s-1) ,当应变速率为 4 .6× 10 -6s-1时 ,Q2 35钢屈服强度降低 14 % ;热轧和淬火高温回火的 2 0MnSi钢屈服强度分别降低 4 %和 1%。分析了低应变速率对钢强度的影响。研究结果对于在岩石蠕变条件下工作的煤巷锚杆的设计、选材和使用具有重要意义     

高碳硅锰TRIP钢低应变速率下的拉伸性能

研究了 0 .6 3C 1 .75Si 1 .6 8MnTRIP钢室温低应变速率下的拉伸性能 .试验用钢的等温淬火为 :90 0℃加热 ,保温 2 0min ,34 0℃等温 2h.当应变速率由 4 .6× 1 0 -3 s-1降至 4 .6× 1 0 -6s-1时 ,高碳硅锰TRIP钢的延伸率由 1 4 %～ 1 5 %提高到 2 2 %左右 ;屈服强度由 1 0 1 5MPa提高到 1 1 98MPa;极限强度由 1 4 4 8MPa提高到 1 5 4 6MPa;拉伸试样中残留奥氏体量减少 .表明该钢在低应变速率下应变诱导相变、相变诱发塑性能够充分进行 .因此 ,该钢种特别适合于用作在岩石蠕变条件下工作的煤巷超高强度锚杆材料     

Al-Fe-V-Si合金高温变形热模拟

采用Gleebe 1 5 0 0热模拟机 ,对喷射沉积Al Fe V Si合金在温度为 35 0～ 5 5 0℃、应变速率为1× 1 0 - 4 ～ 1× 1 0 - 2 s- 1 、最大变形程度为 5 0 %的条件下 ,进行高温压缩热模拟实验研究 .在实验基础上 ,分析了合金高温变形时的变形激活能和应力指数以及流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系 ,为确定该合金的挤压温度提供了实验依据 .实验结果表明 ,该材料具有较高的应力指数和变形激活能 ,而且在 480℃下具有较低的变形抗力 ,又能保证挤压后产品有较好的力学性能 ,因此 ,可以考虑将挤压温度定在 480℃左右为宜     

粉末冶金法制得的白口铸铁的超塑性研究

通过快速结晶法制得了2.875％C+1.3％Cr的白口铸铁粉末。然后用热等静压方法在温度720℃,压力150MPa将粉末压3h得到了高密度的粉末压块。压块经63％的变形后,显微组织由晶粒尺寸为1～3μm的铁素体和直径小于3.5μm的渗碳体颗粒组成。在670～770℃的温度区间和3×10~(-4)～1~(s-1)的应变速率范围,对材料在热等静压后和热等静压+63％的墩粗变形后的超塑性行为进行了研究。研究结果表明:材料在720℃和3×10~(-3)～3×10~(-2s-1)的应变速率下显示出低的流动应力和高的应变速率敏感性(m=0.42)。     

Zn-5%Al共晶合金超塑性变形特性的研究

研究了热轧态的Zn-5％Al共晶合金超塑性变形的力学行为及其显微组织的变化。结果表明:温度和应变速率对合金超塑性的力学性能影响很大。由于Zn-5％Al共晶合金具有优良的稳定组织,其最佳超塑性出现在较高的温度(300℃)和中等应变速率(1.67×10~(-4)s~(-1))条件下。随着温度提高到340℃,热长大已成为晶粒长大的主要因素。提高变形温度(300℃),可以使Zn-5％Al合金以较小的应力(25 MPa)和较高的应变速率(1.67×10~(-2)s~(-1))超塑性变形。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.