有机酸改性对活性炭及其甲醇吸附与再生的影响

以颗粒活性炭为原料,采用3种有机酸(草酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸)为改性剂制得改性活性炭。采用比表面积及孔径分析仪、扫描电子显微镜及傅里叶转换红外光谱仪考察改性对活性炭物化性质的影响。从平衡吸附量、吸附动力学以及吸附能角度,探讨改性对活性炭在不同温度、不同进气质量浓度下对甲醇吸附行为的影响。对吸附饱和的活性炭进行再生实验,考察再生过程中脱附速率的变化,并对再生活性炭进行同等条件下的吸附实验。研究结果表明:改性后,活性炭BET比表面积及总孔容减小,表面有不均匀的粗糙的刻蚀痕迹,同时伴随有白色晶体颗粒生成,表面生成更多的O—H,C=O和C—O等含氧官能团。平衡吸附量由大到小顺序为:AC-OA,AC-TA,AC-0,AC-CA;Bangham动力学模型最适合描述活性炭对甲醇的吸附动力学过程,其拟合的相关系数R2均高于0.998;改性后,活性炭对甲醇的吸附能均增大。与新鲜活性炭相比,再生活性炭吸附性能变化不大,再生方法基本可行。     

活性炭纤维处理含氟废水的研究

采用活性炭纤维处理含氟模拟废水,通过静态和动态吸附研究,测定了吸附等温线动态穿透曲线,并研究了吸附平衡时间、pH、活性炭纤维用量、氟离子初始浓度对处理效果的影响。结果表明,活性炭纤维对氟的吸附速率快,对低浓度含氟废水的处理效果也相当好,溶液pH、吸附时间均存在最佳值。吸附饱和的活性炭纤维用0.01%～0.05%的氢氧化钠溶液再生,重复实验,吸附效率无明显变化。     

活性炭纤维电吸附去除水中Cd~(2+)的研究

采用不同浓度氢氧化钠溶液对活性炭纤维进行改性,利用改性后的活性炭纤维电吸附去除水中Cd~(2+)离子,结果表明:采用2 mol/L NaOH改性后的活性炭纤维具有更高的Cd~(2+)去除率.因此,实验采用2 mol/L NaOH改性活性炭纤维电极研究电压、温度、Cd~(2+)初始浓度对电吸附去除Cd~(2+)效果的影响.实验结果表明:电压越高,Cd~(2+)去除率越高;温度越高,Cd~(2+)去除率也越高,但是温度太高,溶液蒸发严重;Cd~(2+)初始浓度越大,Cd~(2+)去除率越低,但吸附容量增大.除此以外,电吸附循环实验表明Na OH改性活性炭纤维电极在电吸附Cd~(2+)过程具有良好的再生性.     

粉末活性炭吸附2,4,6三氯酚的性能研究

针对粉末活性炭PAC吸附2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)的性能进行了研究.考察了PAC炭种、投加量和温度3因素对2,4,6- TCP吸附效果的影响;建立了吸附动力学、等温吸附线以及吸附热力学模型;研究了PAC与预氧化联用技术对2,4,6- TCP的协同去除作用.结果表明,上述3个因素对2,4,6-TCP吸附效果影响均显著,其中PAC投加量的影响最大,PAC炭种其次,温度的影响最小.PAC可以快速有效地吸附水中的2,4,6-TCP,快速吸附期在前20 rmin,吸附容量可达到80％以上.拟二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线模型可分别较好地描述PAC对2,4,6-TCP的吸附行为.PAC吸附2,4,6-TCP的过程为自发、放热以及熵减的过程.PAC与预氧化联用技术可以提高对2,4,6-TCP的处理效果.     

2,4,6-三氯苯酚磁性印迹聚合物在食品分析中的应用

采用溶胶凝胶法,在磁性硅胶载体表面制备2,4,6-三氯苯酚印迹聚合物,通过多种手段对其微观形貌和结构进行表征,借助静态吸附实验对其吸附性能进行考察.结果显示,磁性印迹聚合物对2,4,6-三氯苯酚的识别过程符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附容量为55.34 mg·g~(-1),且在30 min左右可以达到饱和容量的84%,吸附特性符合伪二级动力学模型.与非印迹聚合物相比,印迹聚合物对混合溶液中的2,4,6-三氯苯酚具有良好的选择性吸附能力.结合高效液相色谱检测技术,所制备的磁性印迹聚合物能够用于黄瓜、苹果和菠菜中2,4,6-三氯苯酚的选择性吸附和检测.     

几种氯酚的生物降解性及其对厌氧产甲烷毒性的试验研究

在35±1℃中温厌氧条件下,以葡萄糖为共基质,采用间歇试验法,研究了2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、2,3,4,6-四氯酚及五氯酚的产甲烷毒性及生物降解性.试验结果表明:四种氯酚对产甲烷菌活性的抑制程度大小为:五氯酚>2,4,6-三氯酚>2,3,4,6-四氯酚>2,4-二氯酚.氯酚的去除率大小为:五氯酚>2,3,4,6-四氯酚>2,4,6-三氯酚>2,4-二氯酚.氯酚去除率与自身毒性关系不明显,但COD去除率与氯酚的毒性大小呈负相关.     

不同方法改性柚皮制备的活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝试验

采用不同方法对柚子皮改性后制备活性炭,考察溶液pH值、活性炭投加量、亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附动力学和吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明,在最佳条件下未改性和采用氯化铝、硫化钠、氢氧化钾改性柚子皮制备的4种活性炭对亚甲基蓝的脱色率分别为84.5％、87.3％、91.1％和95.5％。分析不同活性炭平衡吸附量的值可以得出结论：经过氯化铝和氢氧化钾改性的柚子皮制备的活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝的能力明显提高;4种活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型;氯化铝和氢氧化钾改性柚子皮制备的活性炭表面包含更多的有机官能团,这与活性炭对应较高的亚甲基蓝废水初始质量浓度和高的平衡吸附量是一致的。     

生物活性炭吸附法去除酚类的研究

研究了生物活性炭吸附法处理污水中的酚,考察了几种酚的降解去除情况和活性炭的再生性。研究表明在研究条件下,活性炭吸附与生物膜相结合能够很有效地去除废水中酚类物质;利用微生物对已被活性炭吸附的有机物(酚)的生物降解,很好地解决了活性炭的再生问题。     

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸生产废水中氯酚的络合萃取处理

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸是一种使用较为广泛的除草剂,其生产过程中的氯化工段产生大量的含氯酚废水.本文针对该类废水的特点,选择实验室自配的W-S络合萃取剂,通过优化工艺条件如废水初始pH、油水比、萃取剂比例等对废水进行处理,结果表明,W-S萃取剂对体系中的酚类物质具有优良的萃取效果,废水化学需氧量去除率可达71%.另外,选取2,4,6-三氯苯酚为研究对象,通过萃取平衡实验,探讨2,4,6-三氯苯酚的萃取平衡特性,以建立2,4,6-三氯苯酚络合萃取平衡模型,并确定萃取体系中的萃合物组成.     

改性活性炭对镉的吸附研究

研究镉在表面氧化改性的颗粒活性炭上的吸附行为.考察离子强度、pH值、温度和镉初始浓度对吸附的影响,并进行相应的动力学与热力学计算.结果表明,实验范围内,活性炭对镉的吸附在pH=2～7范围内与pH值呈正相关,增加离子强度对吸附有一定的阻碍作用;吸附动态曲线符合二级动力学模型;活性炭与镉之间的标准吸附热约为-25.29 kJ·mol-1,整个温度范围内吸附是自发的放热过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.