小球藻培养条件的研究

对影响小球藻生长的NaHCO3、NaNO3、KH2PO4、维生素等4种主要营养因素进行了优化,获得了以海水为基础的优化培养基配方:NaHCO30.10g/L,NaNO30.225g/L,KH2PO40.005g/L,pH6.0.另外,适量添加土壤浸出液和维生素也会明显提高藻的产量.流加培养可以促进小球藻生物量的增加.     

盐藻的无菌培养及其抗生素标记的选择

对影响盐藻生长的NaNO3、NaH2PO4、NaHCO3和VB1、VB12、VH等几种主要营养盐进行了优化,在单因素实验的基础上做了四因素三水平正交实验,实验结果得出优化配方为N／P值固定为f／2培养基,NaNO3和NaH2PO4添加量为f／2培养基的10倍、NaHCO3 0．4g/L、VB1 100μg／L、VB12 1．0μg/L,其他元素按f／2培养基添加．对盐藻的选择标记进行了研究,选择了氯霉素、G418、潮霉素3种抗生素进行实验,得出氯霉素适合作为盐藻基因工程的筛选抗生素,CAT基因为其阳性筛选标记基因,固体培养基筛选浓度为80μg／mL．为该藻的进一步高密度大规模培养和分子水平的研究提供了依据．     

海洋小球藻（Chlorella sp.）高密度培养条件优化研究

为提高小球藻（Chlorella sp.）的生物量,须对f/2配方培养基进行响应面优化。首先须确定小球藻培养基的最佳pH值和盐度。在此基础上,利用Plackett-Burman设计方案筛选出影响小球藻生长的3个主要因素分别为NaHCO3、KNO3和维生素B12,然后通过 Box-Behnken 设计试验确定这3个主要因素的最佳质量浓度参数。结果表明,当培养基组成为:NaHCO3 0.93 g/L、MgSO4 0.40 g/L、KNO3 0.46 g/L、K2HPO4 0.020 g/L、维生素B1 0.60 mg/L、维生素B12 1.8 μg/L、生物素 2.0 μg/L时,小球藻经实验室培养72 h后的生物量达到4.5×107个/mL,较优化前提高了32.5%。     

冬虫夏草菌丝体液体培养基的优化

采用正交分析方法对冬虫夏草菌丝体的液体培养基配方进行了优化,结果表明,冬虫夏草生长最适液体培养基配方为：葡萄糖1．25％,蔗糖1．25％,蛋白胨0．02％,酵母粉0．0625％,KH2PO4 0．025％,MgSO4·7H2O 0．0125％,VB10．0025％,pH自然;培养温度24℃,周期192h,其菌丝体生物量产率为19．5g／L,是前人菌丝体生物量产率的1．2～1．5倍．     

正交设计法筛选槐耳菌丝体液体培养基的研究

以槐耳菌丝体生物量为主要指标,采用不同碳源和氮源进行单因素初选试验,然后以不同比例的混合碳氮源进行正交试验．结果表明,槐耳菌丝体液体最佳培养基是玉米渣200g／L,蔗糖20g／L,酵母膏3g／L,麦麸3．5g／L,KH2PO42．0g／L,MgSO4·7H2O1．0g／L和VB1 6mg／L,温度28℃,pH自然．其菌丝体生物量得率为21．6g／L．     

培养条件对杏鲍菇菌丝生长的影响

对杏鲍菇菌丝生长所需的碳源、氮源和无机盐进行了优化实验。结果表明：杏鲍菇菌丝生长的最佳碳源为玉米粉，最佳氮源为NH4Cl，最适无机盐为KH2PO4和MgSO4·7H2O。并且通过L9（3^4）iE交实验得出在碳源、氮源和无机盐（KH2PO4和MgSO4·7H2O）这4个主要因素中，对菌丝生长影响最大的是碳源，氮源次之，无机盐影响最小；最佳组合为玉米粉5％，NH4C10．3％，KH2PO40．05％，MgSO4·7H2O0．15％。     

正交设计法筛选槐耳菌丝体液体培养基的研究

以槐耳菌丝体生物量为主要指标,采用不同碳源和氮源进行单因素初选试验,然后以不同比例的混合碳氮源进行正交试验．结果表明,槐耳菌丝体液体最佳培养基是玉米渣200g／L,蔗糖20g／L,酵母膏3g／L,麦麸3．5g／L,KH2PO42．0g／L,MgSO4·7H2O1．0g／L和VB1 6mg／L,温度28℃,pH自然．其菌丝体生物量得率为21．6g／L．     

蝴蝶兰组织培养及水培移栽技术

为探讨水培法移栽蝴蝶兰组培苗的可行性及其最佳营养液配方,以蝴蝶兰叶片为外植体,建立了植株再生系统,并分析5种配方营养液对蝴蝶兰组培苗生长的影响．结果表明,实验中最佳蝴蝶兰类原球茎诱导培养基为[MS＋0．4mg／L α-萘乙酸（NAA）＋6mg／L6-苄基氨基嘌呤（6-BA）]．自制营养液Ⅳ培养的蝴蝶兰植株生长势最强,其大量元素配方为[Ca（N03）2·4H2O 354mg／L＋KNO3 177mg／L＋KH2PO4 57．5mg／L＋MgSO4·7H2O 185mg／L]．因此．蝴蝶兰组培苗适宜用水培法进行移栽。自制营养液Ⅳ及栽培管理技术能满足蝴蝶兰组培苗生长发育的需求．     

响应面设计法优化腺苷发酵培养基

利用响应面方法对枯草芽孢杆菌生产腺苷的培养基进行了优化。首先用两水平因子实验对培养基组分酵母粉、玉米浆、KH2PO4、MgSO4、(NH4)2SO4对产苷的影响进行评价,结果表明：主要影响因子为酵母粉、KH2PO4和(NH4)2SO4。根据实验结果对主要影响因子的大致范围进行估计,选定合适的浓度作进一步试验,然后用中心组合设计及响应面分析确定主要影响因子的最佳浓度。通过实验发现当酵母粉15g／L,KH2PO4 6g／L,(NH4)2SO4 10g／L时,腺苷产量达到7．42g／L,比优化前的5．77g／L提高了28．6％。     

两种海洋底栖硅藻的培养条件研究

对春夏季节采集于中国海南琼海鲍鱼场的底栖硅藻进行分离纯化．对得到的亚历山大菱形藻（Nitzschia alexandrina）和矮小卵形藻（Cocconeis diminuta）两种底栖硅藻进行了单因子最佳培养条件的实验研究．培养两种底栖硅藻的营养盐最佳浓度、盐度、光照强度、温度条件分别为：亚历山大菱形藻：NO3^-N2．5mg／L．PO3^3-P0．5mg／L,Fe-EDTA-Fe0．1mg／L．SiO3^2＋Si0．5mg／L．35。55001x，30℃．矮小卵形藻：NO3^--N2．5mg／L。PO4^3--P1．5mg／L，Fe-EDTA-Fe0．1mg／L，SiO3^2--Si0．5mg／L,30，33001x,30℃．实验结果表明：两种底栖硅藻所需的NO3^--N的浓度较前人报道的其他硅藻培养的实验结果偏低且影响不大。其他营养盐成分铁、硅、磷对硅藻生长有较大影响；基础生态因子温度、盐度和光照影响也较大，温度对这两种硅藻的生长影响最为显．本研究数据拟对鲍苗种生产中饵料底栖硅藻培养起参考作用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to