球孢白僵菌的孢子萌发及其细胞内异染质的研究

通过研究球孢白僵菌分生孢子及芽生孢子的萌发过程及其细胞内含物异染质小体的变化,发现芽生孢子的萌发率及生长速率高于分生孢子,生长不同阶段芽生孢子的大小百分率的变化有一定规律性,并发现细胞内异染质小体在不同萌发细孢中分布的不均一性.通过扫描电镜观察发现分生孢子形态构成的稳定性及其产生的微循环产孢现象和萌发孢子的连接现象.     

尖孢镰刀菌对人参皂苷的动态响应机制

研究尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）与人参根部中皂苷质量比的关系, 为确定人参根部接种尖孢镰刀菌对人参皂苷质量比的影响, 利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法监测3种人参皂苷Rb1,Re,Rg1的质量比在接种尖孢镰刀菌120 h内的变化. 结果表明： 尖孢镰刀菌侵染后, 人参皂苷Rb1的质量比升高, Re,Rg1的质量比未发生显著改变;人参皂苷Rb1对尖孢镰刀菌分生孢子有明显抑制作用, Rb1的质量浓度越大, 萌发率越低, 抑制率越高, Rg1和Re对尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发几乎无抑制作用. 因此, Rb1可能是人参根部对抗尖孢镰刀菌产生的抗病化合物.     

蝴蝶花枯斑病菌生物学特性研究

从重庆地区绿化植物蝴蝶花上分离出引起枯斑病的尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum schl．）,对其生物学特性进行的研究结果表明：该病菌在6～36℃均能生长,最适温度是28℃．菌落生长和产孢的pH范围是3．10～11．80,最适pH值为7．11．分生孢子在5～35℃,pH3～10,相对湿度90％～100％范围内均能萌发,且在最适温度24℃,最适pH7和相对湿度100％时萌发率最高．光照对菌落生长速度的影响较小,但对产孢量的影响较大．分生孢子的致死温度是48℃（10min）．该菌能利用多种糖、醇类作碳源和多种有机氮、无机氮作氮源．     

双曲孢菌(Nakataea sigmoidea Hara)生物学特性初步研究

为了研究双曲孢菌(Nakataea sigmoidea Hara)在不同环境及营养条件下的产孢特性，分别在黑暗条件和光照条件下，通过改变环境因子(pH值、温度、固体培养、液体培养)和营养因子(碳源、氮源、天然、合成)来进行产孢培养试验。结果表明，双曲孢菌在黑暗条件下，不同环境因子和不同营养因子下均不能产生分生孢子；在自然光条件下，1．5％水琼脂、Czapek培养基上，菌核和菌丝均能产孢。碳氮比对菌核萌发产生分生孢子有显著影响(P＜0．01)，以碳氮比为10：1时，产孢牢最高，达54．23％。紫外灯照射10min可刺激双曲孢菌产孢。     

锈寄生菌控制杨柴锈病的研究 Ⅰ锈寄生菌的形态鉴定及培养性状

杨柴锈病的重寄生菌，经鉴定为锈寄生菌（Ｓｐｈａｅｒｅｌｏｐｓｉｓｆｉｌｕｍ（Ｂｉｖ．－Ｂｅｒｎ．ｅｘＦｒ．）Ｓｕｔｏｎ），寄生在杨柴锈病菌的冬孢子堆和夏孢子堆上．在人工培养基上，锈寄生菌生长最适温度是１５～２０℃．在室温下培养至１１ｄ，供试７种培养基有３种（葡萄糖、甘露醇、淀粉）产生分生孢子器．在２０℃下，ＰＤＡ培养基上，１０ｄ即可形成分生孢子器，１２ｄ可见溢出淡黄白色孢子角．葡萄糖、甘露醇、淀粉、麦芽糖均为该菌适宜的碳源．相对湿度９３％～１００％孢子均能萌发，在水滴中萌发率最高，散射光下萌发最好．     

艾蒿提取物对烟草病原菌的抑制作用

采用菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法和滤纸片法,对艾蒿的乙醇提取物及其萃取物做生物活性测试．结果表明：在50mg·mL。的浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对烟草疫霉菌、链格孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别为100．00％（96h）、18．51％（168h）,对烟草链格孢菌孢子萌发抑制率为76．26％（6h）;艾蒿乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物对烟草疫霉菌菌丝生长抑制率分别为79．49％（120h）、87．42％（72h）．在100mg·mL。的浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对烟草链格孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率、孢子萌发抑制率分别为58．84％（48h）、100％（6h）;艾蒿乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物、氯仿萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物对烟草链格孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别为26．11％（96h）、57．17％（72h）、32．87％（48h）;艾蒿乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取物对烟草链格孢菌孢子萌发抑制率为80．05％（6h）．在50、100、200mg·mL-1的浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对烟草青枯菌均无抑制作用．     

提高庆大霉素产生菌F-212孢子萌发率的研究

本文研究了三十一种孢子萌发因子对庆大霉素产生菌棘孢小单孢菌F—212的孢子萌发率和芽长的影响。分别进行了单因子、双因子及四因子试验,并通过正交试验找出了促进孢子萌发的最适剂量组合,为进一步提高庆大霉素发酵水平创造了条件。     

重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌(Bipolaris carbonum Wilson)的分离鉴定

试验对重庆地区玉米圆斑病病原菌进行了分离、纯化和鉴定，同时进行了病原菌的致病性测定．病原菌的致病性测定结果表明：病原菌可直接侵入玉米的叶片，并于1周后表现出玉米圆斑病的典型症状．病原菌的培养性状及其分生孢子和分生孢子梗等形态特征的观察结果表明：重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌属半知菌亚门平脐蠕孢属炭色长孺孢（Bipolaris carbonum Wilson）．     

云南省玉米灰斑病菌孢子相关生物学特性研究

为探明玉米灰斑病在云南省发病较重的原因,该试验在田间条件下,采用人工喷雾接种玉米灰斑病菌,研究玉米灰斑病潜育期、病斑产孢、孢子飞散以及菌龄、温度、湿度和光照对孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:昆明地区玉米灰斑病在感病品种会单4号上的潜育期为12～13d;病斑产孢量随显症天数的增加呈单峰曲线,显症后24～27d病斑产孢量达到最大值;玉米灰斑病菌孢子主要在夜间飞散,风或雨有助于孢子的飞散与传播;菌龄对孢子萌发影响较大,随菌龄的增长,孢子萌发率降低;在10～30℃时,分生孢子均能萌发,但以22℃最适,35℃以上或4℃时均不能萌发;水滴有利于孢子萌发,光照对孢子萌发影响较小.     

碱蓬红斑病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究初报

从碱蓬（Suaeda glauce）红斑病感病植株单斑分离出2种真菌SK‐X1和SK‐X2,形态学和分子生物学鉴定结果表明,SK‐X1为石楠拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis pho‐tiniae）、SK‐X2为胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ）．2种菌均具有致病性,但生物学特性有别：二者菌丝生长及孢子萌发温度范围为15～35℃、最适温度为28℃,但菌丝致死温度S K‐X1为70℃、S K‐X2为73℃;孢子致死温度S K‐X1为55℃、S K‐X2为58℃．最适p H值为7,但孢子萌发p H值范围S K‐X1为5～10、S K‐X2为4～12．湿度为100％时菌丝生长最快、产孢量最大,但菌丝生长适宜湿度S K‐X1为86％～100％、S K‐X2为65％～100％,孢子萌发适宜湿度S K‐X1为90％～100％、S K‐X2为86％～100％．光照对菌丝生长无影响,但全光照利产孢．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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