Si3N4／铸铁在空气和水润滑下的摩擦学特性

在Ｍ－２００环－块磨损试验机上研究了空气、蒸馏水润滑条件下Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／灰铸铁、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／低铬铸铁（ＤＴ）摩擦副的摩擦磨损，同时与Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／Ｔ８钢摩擦副进行对比，讨论了铸铁中石墨和碳化物对摩擦磨损的影响，结果表明：蒸溜水润滑下，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＨＴ的摩擦系统非常小，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４与ＨＴ的磨损体积也最小，这是由摩擦时Ｓｉ３Ｎ４水解与形成石墨膜共同作用的；而空气润滑下，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＨＴ的摩擦靡损就不具有这种     

水溶性高分子型抗磨剂对钢／钢摩擦磨损行为的研究

采用点接触及面接触的形式，在合成的水溶性高分子型抗磨添加剂存在的情况下，得出了钢／钢摩擦副的点摩擦和面摩擦的磨损量的测量结果。进行了四球机评价试验、工具磨耗试验及Ｖ－１０４Ｃ叶片泵的耐磨耗试验，采用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨损表面的形貌，用电子能谱观察了在摩擦表面形成的膜中所含有的元素，并研究它与该抗磨剂成分之间的关系。     

润滑条件下钢/钢滑动摩擦副P-V图的研究

在球盘式摩擦磨损试验机上，采用阶梯加载方式，测定了润滑条件下钢／钢滑动摩 擦副的临界载荷－速度（Ｐ－Ｖ）图，分析了Ｐ－Ｖ图各区域的摩擦磨损特性。试验发现， 边界润滑不仅出现在低速下，在高速下也同样存在。根据俄歇能谱及铁谱分析结果，可 以证明氧化膜对润滑状态转化起着决定性的作用。     

水溶性高分子型抗磨剂对钢／钢摩擦磨损行为的研究

采用点接触及面接触的形式，在合成的水溶性高分子型抗磨添加剂存在的情况下，得出了钢／钢摩擦副的点摩擦和面摩擦的磨损量的测量结果，进行了四球机评价试验、工具磨耗试验及Ｖ－１０４Ｃ叶片泵的耐磨耗试验，采用扫描电子显微观察了磨损表面的形貌，用电子能谱观察了在摩擦表面形成的膜中所含有元素，并研究它与该抗磨剂成分之间的关系。     

超高分子量聚乙烯与45钢的摩擦磨损特性研究

在MMW-1万能摩擦磨损试验机上完成了超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）与45钢的摩擦磨损试验,研究了载荷和转速对其摩擦磨损特性的影响．结果表明：UHMWPE与45钢对磨时,20N、320r／min试验条件下摩擦系数最小,为0.04;50N、320r／min试验条件下摩擦系数最大,为0.81;相对轻载低速条件下主要存在磨粒磨损,相对重载高速条件下主要存在粘着磨损。     

透明质酸对人工关节材料的润滑作用

配合人工软骨材料的研究,探讨透明质酸（ＨＡ）作为摩擦副的人工滑液时的润滑性能。在ＰＶＡ－Ｈ／３１６Ｌ,ＰＶＡ－Ｈ／ＰＶＡ－Ｈ两类摩擦副上,利用锥板式粘度计,改进后的振子式摩擦仪和Ｍ２０００型磨损试验机,测定了不同质量分数的ＨＡ溶液的流变性质、摩擦性能和磨损性能,结果表明,ＨＡ溶液一定程度上具有天然滑液的流变性质,并有效地降低了摩擦副的摩擦磨损,其对ＰＶＡ－Ｈ／ＰＶＡ－Ｈ摩擦副润滑作用更佳,且０．７     

基于油液监测船用柴油机活塞环摩擦磨损研究

从延长船用柴油机活塞环寿命的角度出发，利用油液检测技术，对活塞环－缸套间摩擦副间的摩擦磨损过程进行分析研究，分析活塞环－缺套间的润滑与摩擦磨损规律，寻找改善活塞环－缸套润滑状态的途径，并证明利用油液检测技术是进行摩擦副的摩擦磨损研究的有效途径。     

Ni基与Ni-P基含MoS_2复会电刷镀层的减摩特性

在“球－盘”试验机上对Ｎｉ／ＭｏＳ２与 Ｎｉ－Ｐ／ＭｏＳ２两种复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能进行全面的测试与比较，并对其作用机理进行了分析。试验结果表明，两种复合镀层在油润滑条件下的摩擦系数，一般均可达到 ０．０５～０．０６的水平，而 Ｎｉ－Ｐ／ＭｏＳ２的承载能力或磨损寿命要比 Ｎｉ／ＭｏＳ２提高 ４～６倍以上。     

增强玻璃纤维对MC尼龙复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

在ＭＭ－２００型磨损试验机上,研究了玻璃纤维增强ＭＣ尼龙（ＧＦ／ＭＣ）复合材料的干摩擦磨损特性,借助于扫描电镜探讨了它的磨损机理,并与ＭＣ尼龙作了对比。结果表明,在给定的试验条件下,随载荷和滑动速度的增大,二者的摩擦温度升高,ＭＣ尼龙的摩擦系数减小,ＧＦ／ＭＣ的摩擦系数先增后减出现一最大值;当ＰＶ值低于８４Ｎｍ／ｓ时,ＧＦ／ＭＣ材料的摩擦系数和磨损率比ＭＣ尼龙小,磨损机理均以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主,但ＧＦ／ＭＣ的粘着磨损比ＭＣ尼龙轻;当ＰＶ值大于８４Ｎｍ／ｓ时,ＧＦ／ＭＣ的摩擦系数略大于ＭＣ尼龙,而磨损率则显著高于ＭＣ尼龙,其磨损机理主要为疲劳剥落和磨粒磨损,而ＭＣ尼龙的磨损机理主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

10W／30CF—4高速重负荷柴油机油全配方试验

10W／30CF－4级重负荷增压柴油机油是一种宽粘度域的多级油，对减少发动机的摩擦磨损，节约燃料非常有利。在10W／30CF－4柴油机油的研制中，对涉及到的8种功能添加剂，采用科学的正交试验设计进行了全配方试验，确定出最佳配方。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.