高速铁路CTRSⅡ型板式无砟轨道温度场效应分析

以高速铁路CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道为研究对象,通过建立CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道结构有限元模型,分析了温度梯度、日照温度曲线对轨道板变形的影响规律。研究结果表明,存在正温度梯度时,轨道板将产生上拱变形;存在负温度梯度时,轨道板将产生下挠变形,纵连钢筋对温度变形起到一定的抑制作用。随着日温度的变化,中午14时的轨道板结构翘曲变形最大;早上6时的轨道板翘曲变形最小。     

无砟轨道板端上拱变形影响规律研究

为探明CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道层间黏结状态与板间接缝状态对轨道板端上拱变形的影响规律,基于有限元方法和内聚力理论建立了可同时考虑层间和板间黏结状态的上拱非线性分析模型,对不同的层间黏结状态与不同的板间接缝状态下轨道板端的上拱变形情况进行了研究.研究结果表明:层间界面强度和断裂能的增加有利于抑制轨道板上拱变形,界面刚度的增加会导致层间损伤的加速产生;层间初始离缝存在于轨道板端部时会加速轨道板上拱变形,但在极端高温荷载下初始离缝范围并不影响轨道板的最终上拱幅度;板中离缝相比于板边离缝对轨道板的上拱变形更为不利;在窄接缝损伤超过60%后,轨道板上拱位移增加速度有明显提升;窄接缝损伤高度对轨道板上拱的影响明显大于损伤长度对其的影响;轨道板端与宽窄接缝的黏结界面离缝后,轨道板上拱位移有所增大.     

夏季极端日温作用下无砟轨道板端上拱变形演化

为研究日极端高温作用下无砟轨道板端上拱变形演化过程,以路基上CRTSII型板式无砟轨道为例建立计算模型,应用有限单元法,采用顺序热力耦合研究夏季极端日温作用下CRTSII型板式无砟轨道板端上拱变形演化过程,并分析纵连钢筋对板端上拱的影响.研究结果表明:在夏季极端高温天气下,轨道板最大正温梯可达100℃/m,最大负温梯可...     

温度荷载下桥上CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道结构层间位移试验研究

为研究温度荷载下,高速铁路简支梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道结构层间位移的分布特点,开展无砟轨道-简支梁桥1/4缩尺模型温度荷载试验。采用远红外加热灯管结合温控系统及温度传感器模拟升温过程和降温过程,分析实测温度模式下无砟轨道层间位移的分布规律。研究结果表明:随着温度升高,轨道板、CA砂浆和底座板三者之间的纵向相对位移整体呈非线性增大趋势;轨道板相对底座板,底座板相对于梁体,它们的纵向位移零点分别发生在L/8截面和3L/8截面上(L为跨度);位移零点处轨道结构层发生挤压,使轨道结构产生局部上拱;随着温度升高,轨道板与底座板之间、底座板与梁体之间竖向相对位移不断增大,竖向相对位移在L/4截面上出现峰值,梁体沿桥纵向随温度的升高逐渐上拱,当温度降低时,上拱位移逐渐减小。     

严寒地区CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道变形与损伤

为探明严寒地区外界荷载对无砟轨道非线性损伤及服役性能的影响,从细观损伤力学角度入手,建立了考虑混凝土塑性和结构配筋的CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道-路基精细化模型,分析了不同路基冻胀下轨道结构变形和底座板损伤规律,并探讨了温度及列车荷载组合作用对结构的影响.结果表明:无砟轨道会因下部冻胀变形产生层间离缝,与冻胀量相比,冻胀波长是离缝产生与发展的主要因素;当冻胀发生在轨道板中部时离缝最大,在底座板凹槽位置时,其上表面混凝土最易出现拉裂损伤;整体降温会加剧底座板损伤,当负温度梯度与冻胀组合作用时,底座板与路基间离缝可达20.8 mm;列车荷载会加剧底座板损伤和减小其作用下方的结构层间离缝,由于"杠杆作用",荷载关于冻胀波峰对称位置处复合板层间离缝峰值比单一冻胀增加了55.5%.     

极端温度作用下桥上纵连式无砟轨道台后端刺受力变形特性

为研究极端温度下台后Π型端刺锚固体系各结构部件之间的相互作用,以某高速铁路一般地段端刺区结构为研究对象,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立路桥过渡段纵连式无砟轨道无缝线路精细化空间耦合模型,研究高温和极寒条件下轨道结构、摩擦板、过渡板以及端刺的受力特性与变形规律,揭示结合部离缝以及锚固体系脱空等端刺区典型结构伤损的发展机制。研究结果表明：在极端温度作用下,过渡板所受纵向应力最大,摩擦板的竖向变形趋势与底座板的竖向变形趋势保持一致,且越靠近桥台各端刺顶部,纵向位移越小;端刺锚固体系受其上轨道结构宽窄接缝构造影响显著,对应的摩擦板与过渡板区段在高温条件下纵向压应力急剧增大,而在极寒条件下纵向拉应力急剧增大;“高温-极寒”温度循环作用易导致过渡板与路基支承层结合部产生离缝与挤压破裂,同时由于锚固体系在极端温度荷载作用下的超量变形,造成摩擦板、端刺与周围地基土体在接触界面产生脱空,且纵向脱空较竖向脱空更为显著。     

均匀降温下CRTSⅡ型高速铁路轨道板温度应力分析

根据无砟轨道板钢轨-轨道板-钢筋滑移线性本构关系,建立了均匀降温作用下纵连式轨道板温度应力计算模型.应用拉普拉斯变换方法求解平衡微分方程,得到钢筋和混凝土应力、位移的解析表达式,分析配筋率、扣件扣压力和板底摩擦力等参数对裂缝间距及轨道板内力、位移的影响.最后以京沪高铁CRTSⅡ无砟轨道板为例,计算30℃降温条件下的开裂间距,轨道板内力、位移随裂缝长度的分布规律.研究结果表明,解析表达式可以准确地分析轨道板的温度应力,为无砟轨道板设计提供理论依据.     

预制板式无砟轨道界面脱层失效的数值模拟

将温度荷载简化为轨道板内的剪切荷载,分析了无砟轨道结构的层间界面破坏形式与粘结机理;基于黏聚力本构模型与水泥乳化沥青砂浆界面粘结力实验结果,建立预制板式无砟轨道结构界面有限元模型,研究剪切荷载作用下无砟轨道界面应力、界面粘结承载力、界面相对位移以及界面裂缝的演化规律.结果表明:界面剪应力与正应力纵向分布不均匀,在轨道板端部最大,且界面正应力使轨道板在端部竖向受拉;剪切荷载作用下,界面剪应力超过最大粘结强度,造成界面逐段破坏,界面最大粘结承载力为264.8 k N;轨道板相对于砂浆充填层的纵向位移随剪切荷载的增大而持续增大,最终界面出现纵向裂缝,而其竖向张开位移在界面纵向裂缝出现后反而逐渐闭合,界面发生剪切破坏导致无砟轨道结构脱层失效.     

温升荷载下带裂工作的纵连板轨道温度力研究

针对带裂工作的纵连板式轨道,研究温升荷载作用下板内温度力的分布规律及其影响因素。根据结构温度力计算理论,推导带裂工作的纵连板式无砟轨道在温升荷载下的温度压力计算公式,并结合试验,分析不同板底约束、配筋率和轨道板混凝土弹性模量条件下裂纹对轨道纵向温度压力的影响。研究结果表明:裂纹对纵连式无砟轨道的纵向温度压力影响较大,在计算时应当考虑裂纹对纵向温度压力的影响;摩阻系数对轨道板的纵向力影响较小,计算时可不考虑;板底黏结力对轨道板纵向温度压力影响较大,板底黏结力的增加会大幅度增加裂纹闭合所需的升温值并减少因裂纹而损失的温度;配筋率越高,轨道板的纵向温度压力越高,轨道板释放的温度压力越小,但配筋率对轨道板的纵向温度压力的影响较小。板底黏结状态和轨道板配筋率应当作为计算轨道板温度压力的重要参数。     

离缝修复条件下无砟轨道板温度翘曲变形特征

根据高速铁路无砟轨道离缝修复工艺,基于双线性内聚力模型理论,采用内聚力单元模拟层间粘结界面,建立考虑多界面粘结的CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道有限元模型。计算分析了无砟轨道板在温度梯度-50 ℃·m^-1~+100 ℃·m^-1、温升温降-30 ℃~+30 ℃作用下的翘曲变形,结果表明：离缝修复条件下,在计算范围内温度荷载作用时,轨道板翘曲变形模式和最值与正常状态一致,说明离缝修复使无砟轨道板温度翘曲变形得到恢复。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to