CTAB反相微乳液体系稳定性的影响因素

研究温度、pH值和盐浓度对CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)/正丁醇/正辛烷/水(或钨酸钠溶液)反相微乳液体系稳定性的影响,并绘制了该反相微乳体系的拟三元相图.实验结果表明:表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的配比对该微乳液的稳定性有显著影响,当CTAB与正丁醇质量比为2: 3时,体系有较大的反相微乳液稳定区;该微乳液体系对温度变化不敏感;pH值为1～7范围内时,该体系具有较好的pH值稳定性;钨酸钠溶液浓度在0.05～0.08 g/mL时,盐浓度对整个微乳区影响不大.结果表明:该反相微乳液体系可作为微型反应器用于纳米粒子的制备.     

微乳液法制备纳米氧化锌及微乳体系相行为研究

研究了表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与助表面活性剂正丁醇微乳体系的相行为,考察了表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比、油相种类、锌离子浓度对微乳液拟三元相区大小的影响,以确定适宜制备纳米氧化锌的微乳体系.研究表明,当m(CTAB)∶m(正丁醇)∶m(正辛烷)=1.2∶1∶4.4时,微乳体系具有较高的增溶水量.采用该配比,在微乳体系中制备出粒径小、尺寸分布窄的纳米氧化锌,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等对纳米氧化锌的形态和晶体结构进行了表征.     

CdWO4纳米带的制备及其光学性质研究

在十二胺为表面活性剂、正辛烷为油相形成的油包水(W/O)型反胶束体系中,使Na2WO4和CdCl2发生反应,制得了长约2μm、带宽约20～30nm的CdWO4纳米带.测试了其拉曼光谱和荧光发射光谱,结果表明该CdWO4纳米粒子具有较好荧光发射性能.     

油包水型微乳液法合成负载Pt催化剂及其评价

以碳酸铵和硝酸铝为原料，分别在由十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、正丁醇、环己烷和水构成的微乳液体系和由十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)、正丁醇、环己烷和水构成的微乳液体系中合成了一定粒径的γ-Al2O3纳米粒子．然后在γ-Al2O3纳米粒子上负载Pt和CeO2形成了Pt／CeO2／Al2O3催化剂．用BET，TEM，XRD，XPS和FT-IR对催化剂进行了分析．结果表明催化剂的粒径随着水与表面活性剂的摩尔比Rw的增大而减少．当催化剂粒径为16nm时，催化剂对NO的还原活性最好．     

双反相微乳液法制备掺杂镨(Ce,Zr,Al)O_2纳米固溶体

以曲拉通X-114为表面活性剂,正戊醇为助表面活性剂,环己烷为油相,铈锆镨铝硝酸盐混合水溶液或氨水溶液为水相组成双反相微乳液体系,制备掺杂镨(Ce,Zr,Al)O2纳米固溶体,并利用XRD,TEM,FT-IR和Raman等手段对样品的物相结构、晶粒大小进行表征.结果表明,稀土元素镨掺杂入(Ce,Zr,Al)O2形成的混合氧化物为萤石型立方晶相结构的均相固溶体,环己烷/曲拉通X-114/正戊醇/水溶液组成的双反相微乳液体系是合成粒径尺寸5nm左右、分散均匀的掺杂镨(Ce,Zr,Al)O2纳米固溶体的有效途径.     

萃取剂P204对微乳液体系相态的影响

用拟三元相图考察了OP-4[壬基酚聚氧乙烯(4)醚]和OP-7[壬基酚聚氧乙烯(7)醚]为表面活性剂所形成的非离子型微乳液体系(OP-4 OP-7)/苯甲醇/煤油/HCl在有或无萃取剂P204[二(2-乙基己基)磷酸]时的相态及其增溶性质.结果表明,微乳液体系中无P204时,相图中存在W/O单相区、WinsorⅠ、Ⅱ和一个较大的WinsorⅢ区;加入P204后,微乳液系统的相态变化趋于简单,此时形成的W/O微乳液适合作为液膜提取稀土钕.     

陶瓷膜乳化法制备油包水乳状液的初步研究

以亲水性氧化锆膜为乳化媒介 ,煤油为连续相 ,纯净水为分散相 ,在有表面活性剂存在的条件下 ,采用一体式陶瓷外膜乳化装置直接制备W/O乳液。比较了不同种类表面活性剂对乳化效果的影响 ;研究了表面活性剂对界面张力的影响。结果表明 :用亲水性陶瓷外膜直接乳化法制得的W/O乳液均一、稳定 ;在转速为 490rpm ,操作压力为 0 .1MPa,表面活性剂浓度为 1× 1 0 - 4 mol/L的条件下 ,在分散水相中加入阳离子表面活性剂CTAB制备W/O乳液效果最好 ,乳液粒径在 1～ 2 μm左右 ,阴离子表面活性剂SDS制乳效果其次 ,非离子表面活性剂OP最差 ;当水中加入的表面活性剂CTAB、SDS、OP浓度皆为 1× 1 0 - 4 mol/L时 ,对应的水 -煤油界面张力分别降至 1 2 .0 3mN/m、2 3.2 8mN/m、2 4 .64mN/m。     

微乳法与溶剂热法制备WO3/ZrO2及其在异丁烷/丁烯烷基化反应中的应用

采用4组分微乳液为CTAB/正己烷/水/正戊醇体系,溶剂热法制备了WO3/ZrO2固体酸催化剂,并用X射线粉末分析(XRD)、红外光谱、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜(TEM)等手段对样品结构进行了表征.TEM、氨程序长温脱附(NH3-TPD)和烷基化反应的测定结果表明:ZrO2纳米粒子呈方形,WO3/ZrO2纳米粒子呈球形;样品在负载WO3后经过焙烧酸量大大增强;烷基化产物中C8的质量分数在70%左右.     

稀土杂多化合物Ba4[Ce(Ⅳ)W10O33]·24H2O制备及纳米化

以TritonX-100/n-C10H21OH/H2O体系W/O微乳液为基础,分别以K8[Ce(Ⅳ)W10O33]·32H2O和Ba(NO3)2水溶液代替组分水制备W/O微乳液.然后将两种微乳液混和,得到淡黄色沉淀的Ba4[Ce(Ⅳ)W10O32]·24H2O纳米粒子.经电镜分析所得Ba4[Ce(Ⅳ)W10O33]·24H2O纳米粒子为粒径6 nm的圆球状颗粒.并用TG-DTA和Raman对该化合物进行了袁征.     

水/十二烷基硫酸钠/正丁醇/正辛烷系统的微乳液相行为和结构

用滴定法和色谱分析测定了H_2O/C_(12)H_(25)SO_4Na/n-C_4H_9OH/n-C_8H_(18)系统在表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与助表面活性剂正丁醇不同配比下的相图。微乳液只有在一定配比范围内方始形成,随着SDS配比增加,微乳区先逐步扩大。电导测定还可区别W/O型、双连续相和O/W型微乳液,并且双连续相区随SDS配比增加而扩大。但是当SDS配比很高时,由于溶解度减小和出现粘稠液晶相,微乳液区反而缩小。对分相区的系线测定还表明,富水相微乳液中SDS的含量恒高于富油相微乳液。     

正相微乳液法制备负载染料的二氧化硅荧光纳米粒子

采用正相微乳液法制备了负载油溶性染料2,5-二[4-(2-N,N-二苯胺苯乙烯基)苯基]-1,3,4-噁二唑(PASPO)的二氧化硅荧光纳米粒子.透射电子显微镜和红外光谱表征结果显示,荧光纳米粒子呈单分散球形,平均粒径约为30 nm.利用紫外光谱和荧光光谱对染料PASPO和荧光纳米粒子的光学性能进行表征,发现其光谱基本...     

Review on aggregation of acid extractants in solvent extraction of metal ions: remark on the general model

The aggregation behavior of various acid extractants in the solvent extraction systems of metal ions is re-examined and explained according to knowledge obtained in recent work. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Complexes formed by the extractants and metal ions can form reversed micelles in organic diluents, depending on the microstructures of the complexes. The dimers of the acid extractant cannot percolate to the metal-extractant aggregates, and the acid-salt complexes are always formed in the aggregates. The reversed micelles or the W/O microemulsions formed by different species cannot be associated with each other to form a unified aggregate. (2) In solvent extraction systems, hydration of the extractants and metal ions can be considered as the driving force of forming reversed micelles. (3) Information of the first approach to the insight of the bicontinuous microemulsion of NaDEHP shows that various components in the aqueous phase behave confined and very similar to the typical AOT/n-heptane W/O microemulsions. (4) In the extraction of lanthanide ions by the W/O microemulsion of sodium naphthenate, the saponification is a process of forming reversed micelle or W/O microemulsion, while the extraction step is a process of destroying reversed micelles or W/O microemulsion droplets.     

憎水性纳米银粒的反相微乳液法制备与自组装

利用十八胺/正丁醇/正庚烷/甲酰胺/A gNO3(aq)构成的W/O型微乳液体系,在回流状态下由甲酰胺还原银离子制得了十八胺稳定的憎水性银纳米粒子,并通过UV-V is、TEM和XRD等手段对样品进行了表征.所制十八胺包裹的银纳米颗粒粒径分布较宽,且粒子形成了大、小尺寸的两个集团,在自组装试验中大、小粒子分别位于单层膜的中心和边缘地带.     

Al2O3-WO3二元系线性热敏材料研究

利用激光烧结工艺合成了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＷＯ３系列ＮＴＣ热敏陶瓷材料．研究发现,这种陶瓷材料在一定的组分范围和工艺条件下,在较宽的温区内,其阻温特性呈现良好的线性关系．Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射分析表明,经激光烧结的ＮＴＣ热敏材料中含有Ａｌ２Ｏ３,Ａｌ２（ＷＯ４）３和ＡｌｘＷＯ３相,且此材料中的导电相为钨青铜结构的ＡｌｘＷＯ３．ＡｌｘＷＯ３相是在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＷＯ３二元系平衡相图中所没有的．     

Eu3+掺杂钨酸钇体系荧光粉的制备及发光性能分析

氧化钇(Y2O3)、 氧化铕(Eu2O3)与三氧化钨(WO3)为原材料,通过调整Y2O3(Eu2O3)与WO3的摩尔比例,采用高温固相法制备钨酸钇体系红色荧光粉,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光(PL)等表征分析样品的晶相结构、形貌尺寸和光致发光性质。研究结果表明:当Y2O3与WO3的摩尔比例为1∶1和1∶3时,可分别合成纯相的Y2WO6:Eu3+红色荧光粉和Y2W3O12:Eu3+红色荧光粉;该系列红色荧光粉可被近紫外光和蓝光有效激发,发射峰值位于615 nm(Eu3+离子的5D0→7F2跃迁)的红光;Y2WO6:Eu3+红色荧光粉的相对发光强度明显优于Y2W3O12:Eu3+红色荧光粉;Y2WO6:Eu3+红色荧光粉Eu3+的最佳掺杂浓度(摩尔分数)为5%。     

Development and application of tumor-targeting magnetic nanoparticles FA-StNP@Fe2O3 for hyperthermia

Modified magnetic starch nanoparticles （FA-StNP@Fe2O3） were synthesized by conjugating folic acid （FA-PEG-NH2） onto the surface of magnetic starch nanoparticles （StNP@Fe2O3） prepared by reverse microemulsion method. The synthesized FA-StNP@Fe2O3 was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis. The average size of its well dispersed particles was 250 nm. The iron concentration of 2 mg/g was detected by phenanthroline method. Placing FA-StNP@Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the alternating magnetic field for 30 min resulted in an increase in the suspension temperature from ambient temperature （37℃） to a value between 42℃ and 43℃. Co-cultured nanoparticles and Hela cell line or normal HUEC-12 cell line, and the biological effects at the cellular level were investigated in the alternating magnetic field using MTT assay, Hochest-PI double staining and flow cytometry analysis. Experimental results showed that FA-StNP@Fe2O3 within acertain concentration range has no obvious effect on cell proliferation. When treated in the magnetic field, apoptosis rate on Hela induced by FA-StNP@Fe2O3 was 13.4%. Prussian blue staining analysis confirmed that the nanoparticles modified with folic acid had improved ability in tumor cell-targeting, and therefore, potential applications in biomedical and magnetocaloric areas. It is expected be applied in tumor targeting therapy in the near future.     

Synthesis and optical properties of nanosized CdS prepared in a quaternary CTAB/ nhexanol/n-heptane/water reverse micelle

Quaternary water-in-oil reverse micelles consisting of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), nhexanol, n-heptane and water were prepared and characterized. The optimized reaction conditions were determined, and monodispersed droplets of the reverse micelles were used as microreactors to synthesize CdS nanoparticles. By using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, the influences of the reverse micelle components on the size, size distribution, morphology, stability and optical properties of CdS nanoparticles were investigated. CdS nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were obtained and the size range is 6–8 nm whenW=24 (W=[water]/[CTAB]), P=5.27 (P=[n-hexanol]/ [CTAB]), [CTAB]=0.2 mol/L, [Cd²⁺] and [S^2-] are 8.45×10⁻⁴ mol/L.     

ZnO及其掺杂纳米粒子的反相微乳液法合成及表征

 分别以OP/正庚烷/正己醇/水溶液和吐温60/溴代十六烷基吡啶/二甲苯/正戊醇/水溶液反相微乳液体系,合成了ZnO及ZnO-Cr₂O₃,ZnO-Cr₂O₃-NiO,ZnO-Cr₂O₃-NiO-MnO掺杂纳米粒子.研究了前驱物、反应物浓度和后处理对粒子制备和粒径的影响.结果表明:所给微乳液体系适合ZnO及其掺杂纳米粒子的制备;通过选择反应途径及控制反应物浓度可实现对粒径的控制;ZnO纳米粒子的粒径为10～200nm,二元、三元、四元掺杂型纳米粒子的粒径均约为20nm.     

CTAB辅助下WO3/ZrO2复合纳米材料的制备及表征

在十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的辅助下,利用水热法制备了WO3/ZrO2复合氧化物纳米样品,利用XRD、TEM、SAED、N2吸附-脱附等方法对样品的形貌、结构、孔径进行了表征.结果表明:氧化钨被氧化锆包覆煅烧后,团聚成网状结构的纳米粒子,其BET表面积为368m2/g,平均孔径为5.29nm,孔分布不均匀,无序程度极高.     

Synthesis of chain-like MoS2 nanoparticles in W/O reverse microemulsion and application in photocatalysis

Chain-like MoS2assemblies consisting of hexagonal MoS2nanoparticles(20-60 nm) have been successfully synthesized in a Triton X-100/cyclohexane/hexanol/water W/O reverse microemulsion in the presence of(NH 4)2MoS 4 as the molybdenum source and NH2OH·HCl as the reducing agent.The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra.The influence of synthetic parameters such as acidity,water/oil ratio(0),aging time and annealing temperature on the formation of MoS2assemblies was investigated.TEM analysis showed that these synthetic factors played important roles in controlling the size of MoS2nanoparticles and the length of the chain-like MoS2assemblies.XRD analysis indicated that the well-crystallized MoS2nanoparticles could be obtained by annealing the precursors at 700 C for2h under a flow of N2atmosphere.In addition,the as-prepared chain-like MoS2nanoparticles exhibited excellent photocatalytic H2activity in Ru(bpy) 3 2+-MoS2-H2A three-component molecular systems under visible light irradiation.