基于数字投影仪的PMP系统非线性误差分析

在相位测量轮廓术中,探测器的非线性响应是影响测量精度的重要因素．对该误差进行了理论分析,结果表明,通过增加相移帧数可以有效地减小非线性效应的影响,而且计算机模拟和实测证实：在基于数字投影设备的相位测量轮廓术中,当相移帧数为条纹周期的1／2时,非线性效应的影响可被很好地抑制．该结果可为实际应用中合理地选择相移算法提供理论依据．     

工业产品表面高精度三维测量方法的研究

针对基于条纹投影轮廓术的三维测量系统的非线性效应降低测量精度的问题,提出了一种双四步相移结合相位编码的三维测量方法。该方法可以削减数字光栅测量系统中非线性效应的影响,提高系统的测量精度。通过2次四步相移算法计算得到2幅包裹相位图,经过相位融合得到连续相位。由于使用相位确定码字,相位编码方法对环境光、相机噪声等因素具有较强的鲁棒性,在物体的三维形貌测量中被广泛应用。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效测量复杂物体的三维形貌,具有较好的测量精度。     

相位法轮廓测量中光栅近心投射的非线性误差校正算法

针对相位法光学测量交叉光轴系统中普遍存在的投影光栅在参考平面非线性变化引起的非线性误差的问题,提出了将非线性问题转换为线性问题的基本逻辑.通过光路的几何关系分别在3种交叉光轴系统条件下推导出光栅相位分布表达式,消除了非线性误差项对解算物点空间坐标的影响,从而使该类问题在理论上得到根本的解决.这对于提高系统测量精度、简化系统标定和后期处理具有重要的意义,使得条纹投影法测量三维物体轮廓更加简便和有效.     

数字光栅投影轮廓测量系统不确定视角标定法

建立了数字光栅投影轮廓测量系统的简易标定模型,以实现测量系统的简便化和便携式应用。该标定模型基于绝对相位提取和空间映射技术,仅需确定像面坐标和绝对相位到空间坐标的转换矩阵。标定矩阵由Levenberg-Marquardt算法优化求解,其中所需的已知空间点阵列借助新型虚拟三维靶标实现。该虚拟靶标基于不确定视角摄像机标定法,仅需要一个平面靶标,避免了使用昂贵的平移设备,极大地降低了标定系统的成本和复杂度。对标定系统进行了大量实验,并使用标定球对测量系统进行了测量精度评价。实验结果表明标定精度高于0.2mm,证明该标定法具有很好的应用价值。     

数字光栅投影轮廓测量系统不确定视角标定法

建立了数字光栅投影轮廓测量系统的简易标定模型,以实现测量系统的简便化和便携式应用。该标定模型基于绝对相位提取和空间映射技术,仅需确定像面坐标和绝对相位到空间坐标的转换矩阵。标定矩阵由L evenberg-M ar-quardt算法优化求解,其中所需的已知空间点阵列借助新型虚拟三维靶标实现。该虚拟靶标基于不确定视角摄像机标定法,仅需要一个平面靶标,避免了使用昂贵的平移设备,极大地降低了标定系统的成本和复杂度。对标定系统进行了大量实验,并使用标定球对测量系统进行了测量精度评价。实验结果表明标定精度高于0.2mm,证明该标定法具有很好的应用价值。     

基于相移原理的便携式岩石三维形貌测量系统

针对岩石表面形貌复杂的特点和测量精度高的要求,提出了一种基于数字光栅相移原理的便携式岩石三维测量技术,该技术由相位移法、外差原理和相位高度映射三部分组成.相位移法和外差原理相结合能够自动完成相位展开,同时保持相移法原有的相位求解精度;然后根据相位展开后的相位图,利用相位高度映射算法来完成岩石的三维形貌测量.利用基于多频外差原理的三维测量技术建立了一套三维测量系统,该系统由一个CCD摄像机和一个数字光栅投影器组成.利用上述系统对一块岩石进行了测量实验,结果表明:该系统能够准确地完成岩石测量.     

基于线结构光的复杂深孔内轮廓三维测量方法

为了对孔内轮廓参数进行快速高精度测量,建立了一种基于线结构光的复杂深孔内轮廓三维测量系统.介绍了系统构成及测量原理、数学模型建立以及孔内截面轮廓尺寸计算方法.提出形态学光条细线化与灰度重心法相结合提取亚像素光条中心线算法.应用该系统对直径φ130.0 mm的复杂孔内轮廓进行实验,测量长度70 mm时,阳线圆直径测量误差为±32 μm,阴线圆直径测量误差为±54 μm.      

改进的区域解相算法及其在三维重建中的应用

解相位算法是位相三维轮廓测量技术的关键,基于区域的解相位算法是应用较为广泛的解相算法之一。但在实践中发现基于区域的解相算法存在一定问题:当被测物体表面存在阶跃形变结构或噪声较大时可能产生解相错误。通过对该算法解相过程的分析确定了错误产生的原因,并针对存在问题提出一种改进算法,在区域分割的基础上计算每点相位可靠度质量图,并根据计算的二阶差分质量图制定新的区域分割与合并策略对相位进行解算。实验结果表明,本文算法可显著提高基于区域解相算法的解相精度,对表面高度变化较为复杂、噪声较大的相位数据可进行有效处理,具有良好的重建精度和鲁棒性。     

基于条纹投影三维轮廓测量技术研究

提出一种基于条纹投影来测量凹陷物体三维轮廓的方法。由计算机模拟正弦分布条纹图样投影到三维凹陷物体上,条纹图受到物体表面轮廓的变化而发生变形,通过数字采集卡把图像采集到计算机中,对得到的图像进行处理得到物体表面的相位,根据相位和高度的关系得到物体的高度分布。利用这种方法对凹陷物体进行了实际测量,结果证实了该方法的可行性。     

脉冲吞除式小数频率合成器应用研究

本文介绍了脉冲吞除原理，分析了基于该原理的小数频率合成方法及其在ＳＮ３６８地震数据采集系统中的应用情况，对小数频率合成器中的相位补偿问题进行探讨，分析了一种可用微处理器和Ｄ／Ａ转换器实现的相位补偿方案．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.