有曲率影响的湍流流场中几种k—ε模型的 …

采用圆柱坐标系下简化的高阶各向异性ｋ－ε模型和各向异性ｋ－ε模型分别对有曲率影响的弯管内流流动进行数值分析,并与实验数据作比较,结果表明,由于ＭＡＫＥ模型考虑了曲率对雷诺应力的影响,对雷诺应力的预估更与实验值符合,对近壁区主流速度、雷诺应力的计算,ＭＡＫＥ模型比ＳＫＥ模型、ＡＫＥ模型有进一步的改善,证明ＭＡＫＥ模型预测有曲率影响的湍流流动行之有效。     

k-ε紊流模型中涡粘滞系数表达式的改进

根据模式化的雷诺应力控制方程导出了ｋ－ε紊流模型中涡粘滞系数表 达式，并以跌坎为例和Ｃｕ的数学表达式，其中的待定数根据实验数据、采用 最小二乘法拟合确定．用所建议的表达式对跌坎流动进行了计算，并和采用 Ｃｕ＝０．０９的ｋ－ε紊流模型、代数应力模型、雷诺应力模型的计算结果及模型 实验结果进行了对比．结果表明采用建议的Ｃｕ表达式得到的时均流场和其 他三种模型差不多，但得到的紊流动能和雷诺应力比Ｃｕ＝０．０９时的结果好 得多；在离壁较远处甚至优于代数应力模型和雷诺应力模型的结果．     

用正交试验选择多核钯－镍（1∶1）酞菁对Heck反应的最佳催化条件

通过正交试验得出多核钯－镍（１∶１）酞菁催化Ｈｅｃｋ反应的最佳条件并通过实验验证了各因素的影响趋势。     

热分析法研究矿物分解过程动力学

采用热分析方法研究了菱镁矿、高岭石分解过程动力学参数活动化能Ｅ、反应级数ｎ,由ＴＧ、ＤＴＡ两种实验数据,用Ｃｏａｔｓ,Ｒｅｄｆｅｒｎ和Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ计算方法对比计算,从而得出高岭石活化能Ｅ＝１８８．７１２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,菱镁矿活化能Ｅ＝１８０．８２８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

正交异性圆环壳应力状态的渐近分析

本文导出了另一组正交异性壳的基本方程。方程含三个复值变量ｋ１、ｋ２和，复值量的实部分别是中面的曲率变化和扭率。在旋转壳轴对称变形情况下，通过引入复值变量，方程组直接转化为一个二阶常微分方程。的实部代表子午线元素的转角。对于正变异性圆环壳，假定轴对称荷载沿径线方向接任意规律分布，得出了方程的渐近解。计算了壳中的应力和位移。     

光纤光栅轴向应力传感模型的研究

对光纤光栅的应力传感特性进行了理论分析,提出了光纤光栅轴向应力传感的数学模型,得出了其应力灵敏度系数的理论值,并对轴向应力作用下光纤光栅的传感特性进行了实验研究,对比分析了理论与实验结果,讨论了光纤的力学参数对光纤光栅应力传感特性的影响。     

焦散线实验方法中应力光学常数问题的探讨

本文对焦散线实验方法中的应力光学常数作了推导。对容易出现的错误作了记明,得出了应力光学常数的统一表达式,并通过实验对所得结论做了验证。     

AZ31镁合金板温拉伸变形行为的研究

通过采用单向拉伸实验, 在DNS200微机控制电子万能试验机上测定了AZ31变形镁合金板料在不同拉伸速度、不同温度下的力学性能,并分析了其特点和原因.利用实验得出的应力应变数据,建立了Fields-Backofen流变应力模型,模型计算的应力应变曲线与实验所得的数据在290～573 K范围内峰值应力出现之前基本吻合.     

平面状态下的力磁关系及实验分析

从磁性、弹性基本理论出发,根据最小能原理推导出应力张量磁化率关系表达式,提出张量磁化率Mohr圆概念,得出主磁化率表达式以及主磁化率方向夹角,进一步得出应力σ-磁化率△χnσ变化量的关系表达式.设计出磁化率检测装置,测量了受单向应力状态下的机械钢板不同取向上的磁化率.实验结果表明理论值与实验值符合的很好.从而为改善磁测技术提供了理论依据和潜在方法.     

特低渗透砂岩有效应力系数测定

针对变围压应力敏感性实验结果不能直接用于储层应力敏感性评价,研究了一种对变围压应力敏感性实验进行修正的方法。通过实验测定岩心有效应力系数,分别进行变围压、变内压的应力敏感性实验,分析不同有效应力对油井产能的影响。得出以下结论:实验岩心的有效应力系数介于0.39和0.57之间;基于Terzaghi有效应力会夸大应力敏感程度,基于本体有效应力会削弱应力敏感程度,经本文测定的有效应力系数修正的有效应力评价应力敏感为中等偏弱,对产能的影响结果与变内压实验测试结果非常接近;在生产压差为10 MPa时油井产量下降6.91%,生产压差为20MPa时油井产量下降14.77%。因此,建议在应力敏感性评价及对产能影响分析时采用有效应力系数修正的变围压实验结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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