透平叶栅大攻角流动特性的三维数值模拟

应用新型 L U隐式格式和改良型高阶 MU SCLTVD格式 ,通过求解全三维可压缩 Reynolds平均的Navier- Stokes方程和 q-ω低 Re双方程湍流模型 ,对一种透平叶栅在 - 6 0°到 35°攻角范围内的流动进行了计算。对不同攻角下叶栅内的三维流动结构进行了细致的分析。计算表明 ,该方法不仅可以准确地捕捉叶轮机械内部流动中出现的激波与边界层、激波与尾迹相互干扰等流动现象 ,而且也适用精确模拟不同工况下 ,特别是大攻角工况下带有分离流和强二次流情况下叶轮机械内部更加复杂的流动。     

求解不可压流体Navier-Stokes方程的四阶精度有限容积紧致格式

采用四阶精度的有限容积紧致格式在交错网格上对二维非定常不可压流体的Navier-Stokes方程中的对流项和扩散项进行离散．压力项则由压力Poisson方程求得，并给出了新的压力Poisson方程的四阶精度有限容积紧致格式的离散表达式．用低存贮的三阶Runge-Kutta方法对Navier-Stokes方程进行时间推进．Fourier分析表明，有限容积紧致格式比一般的有限容积非紧致格式有更高的分辨率．最后以Taylor涡为例，得到了很好的结果．     

三对角四阶跳点紧致格式优化和初步应用

 根据修正波数应在充分大的波数范围内接近准确波数的思想,构造了优化的3对角4阶跳点紧致差分格式及插值格式.优化跳点紧致格式仍然具有4阶精度,但提高了分辨率,能够在更大的波数范围内保持群速度特性.通过实验数据表明,优化跳点紧致差分格式的分辨率可达到0.86π,优化紧致插值格式可达0.63π,可较好保持群速度的最大波数为0.75π,均大于标准4阶和6阶跳点紧致格式.分别用优化格式,标准4阶和6阶跳点紧致格式计算小尺度波动的性能,结果表明优化格式在模拟小尺度波动,在减小计算误差并保持群速度方面具有明显优势.     

紧致差分格式的分辨率与精度的实例比较与讨论

通过比较先前建立的4阶最优紧致差分格式,以及传统的6阶和8阶紧致差分格式,来研究精度和分辨率之间的关系,主要比较了空间离散格式的有效波数范围、实际数值计算精度、以及对小尺度波动的模拟能力.数值试验结果表明:(1)这3种格式的计算精度都可以达到理论精度,并且此时精度越高,误差越小;(2)对于小尺度波动,最优4阶紧致格式比6阶和8阶紧致格式具有更高的分辨率;(3)对于行波问题,最优4阶紧致格式能够更加准确地模拟波动的传播行为.理论分析和数值算例的比较结果均表明,数值格式的精度和分辨率并不能互相替代,而是要根据计算问题的需要选择具有合适的精度和分辨率的数值格式.     

用于控制透平叶栅内部流动的端部孔隙结构

基于端部孔隙结构控制叶栅二次流损失的思想,对一种孔隙结构在不同攻角下对透平静叶栅内部流场的影响进行了数值模拟。结果表明:大负攻角下该孔隙结构有效地控制了透平叶栅头部压力面的分离泡,减少了损失;在其他攻角下该结构对该文考察的叶栅没有表现出明显的改善作用。结合该孔隙结构和另一种由原始叶型优化后的叶片进行联合造型,对其在不同攻角下的性能进行了考察。经联合造型后的叶栅与原始叶栅相比在各个攻角下的流动损失均有大幅度降低,大负攻角下效果尤为明显。     

用于控制透平叶栅内部流动的端部孔隙结构

为利用端部孔隙结构控制叶栅二次流损失,对一种端部孔隙结构在不同攻角下对透平静叶栅内部流场的影响进行数值模拟。结果表明:大负攻角下,该孔隙结构有效地控制了透平叶栅头部压力面的分离泡,减少了损失;在其他攻角下,该结构对该文考察的叶栅没有表现出明显的改善作用。结合该孔隙结构和另一种由原始叶型优化后的叶片进行联合造型,对其在不同攻角下的性能进行了考察。经联合造型后的叶栅与原始叶栅相比在各个攻角下的流动损失均有大幅度降低,大负攻角下效果尤为明显。     

三对角四阶紧致差分格式的优化和初步应用

 提高数值解的精度和分辨率,有助于更精确地求解日趋复杂的工程问题。本文依据差分格式的伪波数应该在尽可能大的波数范围内接近物理波数的思想,构造了满足四阶精度的具有高分辨率的三对角紧致差分格式。一方面,它可以与近些年发展的求解(循环)三对角方程组的高效算法相结合,以更高的分辨率、更小的计算量来计算一阶导数;另一方面,与传统格式相比,该格式的最大精确求解波数可以达到2.5761,大于传统格式的1.13097。因此,优化格式更适合模拟小尺度波动。数值计算结果表明：(1) 虽然优化格式仍然是四阶精度,但要比传统四阶紧致差分格式的计算误差小,尤其对于小尺度波动,优化格式的计算误差会更小;(2) 对于行波问题,优化格式能够更加准确地模拟波动的传播行为,其优势也更加明显。理论分析和数值算例的比较结果均表明,优化的紧致差分格式更适合求解小尺度波动问题。     

一种非均匀网格上的高精度紧致差分格式

提出了一种形式简单、网格剖分灵活、具有一定通用性的非均匀网格上的三点四阶紧致差分格式,对格式的截断误差进行了分析.采用文中提出的格式对Burgers方程和对流方程进行数值求解,并与均匀网格上的三点四阶紧致差分格式所得数值解对比,结果证明本文提出的格式对于大梯度问题的数值模拟有更高的精度.     

弹性波方程的紧致差分方法

在对弹性波方程进行数值模拟时 ,低阶差分格式往往产生严重的数值频散 ,高阶显示差分格式需要用较多的网格点 ,不利于边界的处理。而紧致差分格式吸收了它们的优点 ,弥补了它们的不足。为此该文应用紧致差分格式的思想 ,发展了二维情况下弹性波方程初值问题的紧致差分方法 ,研究了它的稳定性 ,并用 Fourier方法分析了显示差分格式和紧致差分格式的相速度误差 ,最后利用紧致差分方法在粗网格条件下对地震波传播进行了数值模拟 ,并同五点四阶中心差分方法的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明 ,求解弹性波方程的紧致差分方法有效 ,且具有比同网格点差分格式更高的计算精度和较小的数值频散。     

极小展弦比后加载叶栅气动特性三维数值分析和实验

以数值手段分析了极小展弦比下后加载透平叶栅内的定常3D粘性流动及损失，并对该透平叶栅在不同出口Ma和进气角下进行平面叶栅吹风实验．数值方法采用3D可压缩粘性流动压力修正算法求解N-S方程及Baldwing-Lomax代数湍流模型．通过数值计算分析和平面叶栅吹风实验研究表明，后加载技术应用于极小展弦比叶栅中，可以起到控制3D叶栅损失与二次流生成和发展的作用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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