烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

基于集合预报的两种输电线路舞动概率预测方法

利用中国气象局集合预报业务系统GRAPES-EPS（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System Ensemble Prediction System）的15个集合成员预报产品,基于舞动气象模型,分别通过等权重法和集合平均法得到输电线路舞动发生的预测概率,以2016年11月23日和2018年1月4日~6日的电线结冰数据作为实况,检验两种预测方法的效果,结果发现,（1）等权重法和集合平均法预测出的舞动范围均能覆盖实际发生舞动的区域,均可作为舞动发生的客观预测方法;（2）等权重法预测输电线舞动的报对站比例更高而漏报站比例更低,(3)等权重法预测的日最大舞动概率和日平均舞动概率均较集合平均法预测的大;(4) 从空间分布和时间变化来看,等权重法舞动预测的概率值具有一定的连续性,而集合平均法预测的舞动概率值则具有明显的跳跃性,等权重法应用效果较集合平均法更好。     

榨菜加工中亚硝酸盐含量的动态研究

对涪陵榨菜现行两种加工工艺———风脱水、盐脱水加工中亚硝酸盐的含量进行了研究,旨在弄清两种工艺加工中榨菜亚硝酸盐的含量变化规律。结果表明:榨菜加工过程中,亚硝酸盐含量变化呈规律性变化,盐脱水工艺其亚硝酸盐含量呈下降趋势;而风脱水工艺亚硝酸盐含量呈下降、上升、再下降的变化规律;榨菜经两种工艺加工成熟后,亚硝酸盐含量低微,食用是安全的。     

基于聚类技术的集成学习方法研究

研究了基于聚类技术提高分类器差异性的方法.通过Bootstrap技术与分类器学习算法训练分类器模型,利用分类器在验证集上的分类结果作为聚类的数据对象;然后应用聚类算法对这些数据聚类,并在每个簇中选择分类器代表模型,以此构成集成学习的成员;最后应用融合方法实验研究了基于聚类技术提高差异性的集成学习性能,并与集成学习方法bagging,adaboost进行了实验比较.     

敷介质大圆柱面周向共形缝隙列天线的实验研究

本文对大半径敷介质导体圆柱表面共形缝隙天线作了实验研究。实验模型为十单元周向线阵，单元分别用屏蔽带线缝隙和矩形波导缝隙．包括等间隔阵和用缩短馈线的方法补偿了往面引起的射线路程差的不等间隔阵，实测方向图大致趋势与计算结果一致。结果表明，缩短馈线的补偿方法对降低旁瓣有效。     

花背蟾蜍胃、十二指肠的组织学观察

采用组织学方法对花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddeistranch)的胃与十二指肠进行了显微结构观察.结果表明:花背蟾蜍胃壁由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌肉层和外膜组成.粘膜层较厚,向内形成纵褶,胃腺发达为单管状.肌肉层发达,主要有内环外纵两层平滑肌.花背蟾蜍十二指肠壁由粘膜层、肌肉层和外膜组成,粘膜上皮和固有膜突入肠腔形成许多肠绒毛,绒毛内有散在的平滑肌束和丰富的毛细血管,固有膜中有管状肠腺,肌肉层主要有内环外纵两层平滑肌.     

随机广义集值隐补问题

提出一类随机广义集值隐补问题,在一定条件下,证明了其解的存在性及由相应算法得到的迭代序列的收敛性。所得结果改进和推广了G.Isac等人的一些重要结果。     

聚氨酯/钛酸钡杂化材料及介电性质研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种新型的聚氨酯/钛酸钡（PU/BaTiO₃ )杂化材料——不同钛酸钡含量的聚氨酯/钛酸钡杂化材料。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和光电子能谱(XPS)等手段,考察了杂化材料的结构与性能;详细研究了溶胶-凝胶过程的机理以及微波辐射后杂化材料的介电性能。结果表明：通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的PU/BaTiO₃杂化材料中PU和BaTiO₃形成了较强的化学作用,而不是简单的共混;BaTiO₃较均匀分散在杂化材料中,同时随着BaTiO₃含量的增加,材料的介电常数也逐渐增加。指出了该研究在油气田领域的应用前景及意义。     

大回线源瞬变电磁场反射系数序列的数值分析

为提高瞬变电磁法对地的探测效果,从瞬变电磁场在介质中传播的特性出发,对回线源瞬变电磁响应进行了理论上的分析,推导出了以反射系数数序列矩阵为未知项的线性方程组,提出了用线性规划法求取反射系数序列,并给出了求解的方法和步骤.设计了两个理论模型,用自行编制的软件对理论模型进行测试和处理,并画出了以反射系数为参量的地电模型剖面图.计算结果表明,算法可靠,剖面图示清晰,达到了预期的效果.该研究成果对瞬变电磁法模拟地震资料解释的研究和对地成像方法有参考价值.     

M带双正交多小波的平衡

将平衡多小波的概念引入到M带r重双正交多小波系统，给出了相应的平衡条件，建立了M带r重双正交多尺度函数的若干等价关系，并基于这些等价关系给出构造双正交平衡多尺度函数和多小波的算法．算法在处理离散的多项式信号时，信号既能被低通滤波器保持，又能被高通滤波器取消，同时算法还保持了双正交多小渡的对称性，这一点在信号处理方面具有很好的应用价值．     

拉曼光谱在玉石无损鉴别中的应用

通过对软玉及相似玉石蛇纹石玉、石英岩玉、大理岩玉、白色玻璃的拉曼光谱进行测试与研究,得到软玉具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移672,930,1 057 cm~(-1);蛇纹石玉具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移678 cm~(-1)和1 041 cm~(-1),由Mg-O引起的特征拉曼位移369 cm~(-1);石英岩玉具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移460 cm~(-1);大理岩玉具有由CO_3~(2-)引起的特征拉曼位移1 080 cm~(-1);白色玻璃具有特征拉曼位移1 353 cm~(-1).根据拉曼位移的位置和强度,可无损、快速、有效地区分软玉、蛇纹石玉、石英岩玉、大理岩玉、白色玻璃.