活性炭比表面积对双电层电容特性的影响

用KOH活化活性炭作为电极材料制作双电层电容器,用接触角测定其润湿性,用恒流充放电、循环伏安等方法研究活性炭的电化学性能.结果显示,炭膜浸润时间最短约为90 min,双电层电容器的比电容随比表面积增加而增大.比表面积为1932m2·g-1的炭样在1mol·L-1 的H2SO4电解液(677mA·g-1)中充放电最大比电容为167F·g-1.     

聚合物共混法制备超级电容器用多孔炭材料

以酚醛树脂为前驱体,以聚乙二醇为致孔剂,采用聚合物共混法制备超级电容器用中孔炭电极材料. 采用N2吸附法测试了炭材料的比表面积和孔结构参数. 采用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等评价了其在1mol·L-1Et4NBF4/PC有机电解液中的电化学双电层电容性能. 结果表明,酚醛树脂和聚乙二醇等比例共混炭化制备的多孔炭的比表面积为618m2·g-1,中孔率为59.7%,比电容为32F·g-1,大电流性能和循环性能良好.     

聚苯胺修饰活性炭电极的电化学性能

有机体系下,采用循环伏安法(CV)在活性炭电极表面电聚合聚苯胺制备聚苯胺/活性炭复合电极,通过循环伏安、恒流充放电和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试了电极的电化学特性,结果表明,聚苯胺/活性炭复合电极具有良好的电容行为,在-1.0～1.5V参比极为Ag/AgCl,测试区间内具有较大的电化学容量,电极比电容高达276F·g-1,较活性炭电极的比电容92F·g-1有了很大提高.并且交流阻抗法测得活性炭电极的电荷转移电阻Rct为4.9Ω,而复合电极Rct仅2.4Ω.1000次充放电测试后,复合电极比电容仅衰减15.7%.由此表明,在有机体系下聚苯胺/活性炭复合电极是一种具有良好循环寿命和高比电容的复合电极材料.     

Ag2O超级电容器的研究

用固相合成法制备Ag2O作为超级电容器材料,通过循环伏安与恒流充放电等测试手段对Ag2O电极及与作为负极的活性炭电极组成的电容进行分析.结果表明,在7mol·L-1KOH电解液中,Ag2O电极在0.15～0.35V(相对于Hg/HgO)的电压范围内表现出了法拉第电容特性.在不同电流密度下,电极比容量达427.3～554.9F·g-1,Ag2O/活性炭单体电容器比电容为42.5～61.65F·g-1.同时还对正极中Ag2O的含量及导电剂对Ag2O/活性炭单体电容器性能的影响进行了研究.     

二氧化锰电化学电容器电极材料的研究

用化学共沉淀法制得MnO2电化学电容器电极材料,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（IR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、循环伏安（CV）、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗测试对该材料的晶体结构、化学成分及电化学性能进行了表征和测试。物相测试表明该电极材料为水合无定型α-MnO2。用该电极材料制得的电化学电容器兼具双电层电容和法拉第准电容两种电荷储存机理,且以双电层电容为主。循环伏安测试和恒流充放电测试均表明,电极在Na2SO4溶液中比在KOH溶液中表现出更好的电容性,而且比容量随扫描速率和电流的增大而减少。在10mA的充放电流下测得的单电极比容量可达307.5F/g。     

过渡金属材料的电化学储能性能研究

超级电容器是一种电化学能量储存设备,具有功率密度高、充放电速率快、寿命长等优点.依照反应机理,电化学电容可以区分为双电层电容和赝电容.赝电容超级电容器的能量密度高于双电层电容器.过渡金属氧化物和氢氧化物是一类重要的赝电容器电极材料.为了提高赝电容器的性能,大量的研究工作集中在设计具有特殊结构和尺寸的过渡金属氧化物和氢氧化物电极材料方面.作者综述了电极材料的设计、制备以及性能等方面的研究进展,总结了过渡金属的氧化物和氢氧化物在超级电容器方面的研究与应用.     

新型碳微球制备和电化学性质研究

以氨水作为催化剂,间苯二酚和甲醛为前驱体制备单分散酚醛(resorcinolformaldehyde,RF)树脂微球和碳微球.采用循环伏安法、电化学交流阻抗和恒电流充放电等方法对由RF树脂得到的碳微球的电化学性能的测试表明,其可以作为超级电容器电极材料.在扫描速率为1mV·s-1时,比电容为175.9F·g-1,电阻为0.5Ω,循环500圈后仍保持94.4%的电容量,具有优异循环寿命.结果表明,由酚醛树脂制备的单分散碳微球作为超级电容器的电极材料具有降低离子运输阻力和提高超级电容器稳定性的功能.     

α-Co（OH）2的制备及其电化学性能研究

以CoCl2·6H2O和NH3·H2O为原料,室温下采用直接沉淀法成功制备了α-Co(OH)2.用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)表征了产物的结构和形貌;用循环伏安、恒电流充放电等测试方法对其性能进行了研究.结果表明,该产物表现出优良的电化学性能,单电极比电容可达890 F·g-1,有望成为超级电容器的电极材料.     

超级电容器电极材料研究进展

超级电容器因其高功率密度、长循环寿命,兼具传统电容高功率密度和电池高能量密度的优点,引起了人们的极大关注.超级电容器电极材料种类繁多,按储能原理可以分为双电层超级电容器、赝电容超级电容器和电池型超级电容器三类.双电层超级电容器介绍了几类主流的双电层电极材料的研究现状,同时很多研究者将赝电容电极材料和电池型电极材料混为一谈,本文对这两类材料的不同从原理上进行了区分,介绍各自的代表性材料,最后展望了超级电容器电极材料未来发展趋势.     

Ag2WO4超级电容器电极材料的电化学特性

以Ag_2WO_4为电化学活性材料,采用压片法制备超级电容器电极材料.通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、电化学工作站等实验方法,辅以密度函数理论(DFT)计算,对Ag_2WO_4电极材料进行表征.K~+离子嵌入Ag_2WO_4晶体在循环伏安模式下比电容最大能够达到1 344.7F·g~(-1);在恒流充放电模式下最大可达到182.0F·g~(-1).实验结果表明:基于K~+离子嵌入/脱嵌机制的Ag_2WO_4电极材料在1 M KOH电解液中可展现良好的循环伏安、恒流充放电以及交流阻抗等电化学特性,具有较高的充放电循环稳定性和比电容保持率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.