海堤林带树木根系对堤防安全影响探讨

通过对苏北现有海堤防护林造林树种的根系，土壤抗冲，抗蚀及渗透性能进行了认真调查和试验测定工作。本文认为：（１）树木根系有较强的网络土壤功能，能大大提高土壤的抗冲，抗蚀性能，其抗冲，抗蚀指数随根量（尤其是细根数量）的增加而增加。（２）海堤树木根系分布有其独特性，水平根系主要由２－３根较粗侧根组成，并沿海堤走向水平伸展，而垂直伸向海堤的侧根较少。垂直根系分布深度视树种，年龄而异，一般在０．６－１．０ｍ     

沁水林场油松人工幼林初步研究

通过对潞安矿务局沁水林场油松人工林不同立地条件下高生长、基径及生物量的研究，结果表明：（１）用５年高生长段作为反映立地条件优劣与否的指标是合适的。（２）不同立地条件下，油松根系分布规律不同，土层由厚到薄，油松根系由垂直型演变为水平型。（３）油松细根（＜２ｍｍ）生物量和粗根（２～１０ｍｍ）生物量分别为１１３１．２０ｋｇ／ｈａ和１３０９．６０ｋｇ／ｈａ。     

分泌性磷酸酶及有机酸于根际分布状况的初步研究

运用特制的栽培设施将１０ｍｍ范围根际土壤纵分为０．５ｍｍ研究羽扇豆根系分泌物的分布状况。结果表明，羽扇豆根系分泌性酸性磷酸酶和有机酸类主要分布在根际０－２．５范围内。     

磷资源有效性对四川大头茶幼苗构件生长的影响

通过人工控制４种磷肥浓度０ｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ０）,１ｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ１）,２ｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ２）、４ｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ３）,研究探讨磷资源有效性对５年生四川大头茶功苗构件生长的效应,结果表明：不同磷肥浓度强烈影响了四川大头茶幼苗茎高、叶数、叶面积和叶大小生长动态;随着磷肥浓度的增加,叶片现存数,叶面积显著增加,地上生物量和根系生物量也逐渐增加,并以叶,中根和细根的生物量增加程度最为突出;主分量分析反映了Ｐ３与Ｐ０的四川大头茶幼苗生长之间存在巨大差异,并反映了构件特征之间具有极大的相关性。     

内蒙古库布齐沙地油篙（Artemisia ordosica）根际土壤微生物生物量的研究

内蒙古库布齐沙地油蒿根际土壤微生物生物量的研究结果表明：１）细菌三大类群生物量排列依次为无芽孢细苗＞芽孢细菌＞厌气性细菌，２）芽孢细菌的活动能力为秋季＞夏季、上土层＞下上层；３）丝状微生物生物量的Ｒ／Ｓ比值为１５０～１６０ｃｍ＞０．５～１０．５ｃｍ＞３０～４０ｃｍ＞６０～７０ｃｍ；４）细菌生物量略高于丝状微生物生物量，５）土壤各类群微生物生物量根际（Ｒ）高于根际外（Ｓ），存在着明显的根际效应．     

油松人工林根系生物量的研究

在油松人工林中设置标准地,分别径阶选定样木,测定根径大于１厘米的根系生物量,用土柱法测定根径小于１厘米的根系生物量。结果表明,３５年生人工林每公顷根系生物量占林木总生物量的１４．３２％,根系生物量与林木径阶的变化有极显著的相关性,根径小于１厘米的根系集中分布于０－２０厘米的土层中。     

苏北淤泥质海岸主要造林树种根系研究

本文报道了苏北淤泥质海岸带主要造林树种(刺槐、水杉等)的根系与立地条件和林木生长以及土壤抗冲性、抗蚀性关系的研究结果,表明刺槐根系不耐水湿,当生长季土壤潜水位埋深小于1.0m时,主根发生分叉、转向或被淹死,为水平根型;在周期性潜水位升降活动频繁处,水杉根系有再生现象;遇通透性差的紧沙层,刺槐根系难于穿过,集中在其上层,而水杉根系有较强的穿插能力,紧沙层中由垂直根系联结,有明显成层分布特点。细根和吸收根量随土壤含盐量的降低和有机质、氮、磷含量的增高而增加。     

芝麻下胚轴愈伤组织的形成和器官发生

本文研究了五种植物激素对芝麻下胚轴愈伤组织的形成和器官发生的影响．研究表明：（１）２．４－Ｄ或ＮＡＡ（１ｍｇ／Ｌ）＋ＢＡ或ＫＴ（０．ｓｍｇ／Ｌ），２．４－Ｄ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）和ＮＡＡ（０５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）对愈伤组织的诱导率最高；（２）ＢＡ或ＫＴ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）可促进下胚轴芽丛的形成（３）ＮＡＡ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）、ＩＡＡ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）和ＫＴ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）对下胚轴根的形成最有利．     

内蒙古库布齐沙带东段油蒿固定沙丘土壤微生物数量的垂直分布研究

对内蒙古库布齐沙带东段油蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｏｒｄｏｓｉｃａ）固定沙兵土壤微生物数量的垂直分布进行了研究．１）好气性细菌和真菌数量的垂直分布是结皮层（０－０．５ｃｍ）〉０．５－１０ｃｍ〉３０－４０ｃｍ〉６０－７０ｃｍ,在０－１０ｃｍ,油蒿固定沙丘与流动沙丘比值;好气性细菌数量为１３．７：１,真菌数量为１５．２：１;２）芽孢细菌和放线菌数量的垂直分布是０．５－１０ｃｍ〉３０－４０ｃｍ〉结皮层（０－     

留杉栽阔模式生物量及营养元素组成

通过对多代杉木萌芽林强度间伐补栽细柄阿丁枫（留杉栽阔）和保留杉木多代萌芽林（对照）处理的生物量及营养元素组成的研究，结果表明：模式中杉木平均树高、胸径及单株生物量分别是对照杉木的１．２０倍、１．２４倍和１．２６倍。模式的生态系统营养元素贮量比对照的增加４．１７％，其中氮、磷、钾增加尤为明显。细柄阿丁枫平均木枝条、根系（特别是细根）生物量及其所占比例均比杉木的高，且细柄阿丁枫早期稍耐荫。细柄阿丁枫是杉木低产林分改造或与杉木混交优良树种之一。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the