冷却速度对Zn--5 Al--0.1 RE--x Si合金显微组织及耐蚀性能的影响

运用扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪、X射线衍射、盐雾实验、电极化曲线等手段,研究冷却速度和Si对Zn-5Al-0.1RE合金组织及耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金由先析出的?-Zn和?-Zn+α-Al共晶组织组成,前者均匀分布在相邻的?-Zn+α-Al共晶胞的边界上.降低冷却速度和Si的加入,均使Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金单位面积的晶粒增大,晶界减少,合金耐蚀性能提高. Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金耐蚀性能的差异与合金凝固组织及合金腐蚀产物中Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O和ZnO的相对量有关.     

Mg，Ca元素对可降解Zn合金组织性能影响

采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜、室温拉伸和浸泡失重法研究了挤压态纯Zn和Zn-0.2Mg-xCa(x=0,0.06,0.15,0.3)(质量分数)合金微观组织、力学性能和体外降解速率.结果表明:200℃挤压后,纯Zn晶粒尺寸达到100μm;Zn-0.2Mg-xCa合金中晶粒尺寸均维持在15~20μm之间,并存在第二相Mg₂Zn₁₁和CaZn₁₃.随着Ca含量增加,CaZn₁₃含量逐渐增加,且当Ca质量分数达到0.15%以上时CaZn₁₃尺寸达到15~50μm.纯Zn的屈服强度和延伸率分别为64MPa和14%,Zn-0.2Mg-xCa合金随着Ca含量增加屈服强度由180MPa提高到约200MPa,延伸率则逐渐由18%降低到6%.纯Zn和Zn-0.2Mg-xCa合金在SBF溶液中降解速率维持在0.05~0.15mm·a^-1,而且随Ca的添加降解速率略有降低.     

Cu-Zn-Al2O3 nanocomposites:study of microstructure,corrosion,and wear properties

Alumina nanoparticles were added to a Cu-Zn alloy to investigate their effect on the microstructural, tribological, and corrosion properties of the prepared alloys. Alloying was performed using a mixture of copper and zinc powders with 0vol% and 5vol% of α-Al nanopowder in a satellite ball mill. The results showed that the Cu-Zn solid solution formed after 18 h of mechanical alloying. The mechanically alloyed powder was compacted followed by sintering of the obtained green compacts at 750℃ for 30 min. Alumina nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the matrix of the Cu-Zn alloy. The tribological properties were evaluated by pin-on-disk wear tests, which revealed that, upon the addition of alumina nanoparticles, the coefficient of friction and the wear rate were reduced to 20% and 40%, respectively. The corrosion properties of the samples exposed to a 3.5wt% NaCl solution were studied using the immersion and potentiodynamic polarization methods, which revealed that the addition of alumina nanoparticles reduced the corrosion current of the nanocomposite by 90%.     

Effects of Sn addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg- Zn-Al alloys

The effects of Sn addition(0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3 wt%) on microstructure of Mg-4Zn-1.5Al alloy in cast and extruded states were investigated, and the mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-4Zn-1.5Al-xSn studied. The experimental results showed that the as-cast Mg-4Zn-1.5Al alloy was composed of two phases α-Mg and Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49), while Sn-containing alloys consisted of α-Mg, Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49) and Mg_2Sn phases, and Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49) was not detected after extruding due to that the most of them dissolved into the matrix during the homogenized treatment. The addition of Sn refined the grains of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-Zn-Al alloys obviously. It was noted that the basal texture intensity reduced with increasing Sn content significantly in as-extruded Mg-Zn-Al alloys. The tensile tests results indicated that Sn addition improve the tensile strength of the extruded alloys,while it had a harmful effect on the ductility. When the addition of Sn was 2 wt%, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS), yield strength(YS) and elongation(ε_f) of the alloy were 280 MPa, 147 MPa and 17.4%, respectively.     

Mg对Zn--11%Al合金镀层凝固组织及合金层生长的影响

将工业纯铁分别在510℃的Zn-11%Al、Zn-11%Al-1.5%Mg、Zn-11%Al-3%Mg和Zn-11%Al-4.5%Mg合金熔池中进行不同时间的热浸镀,使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等仪器设备,研究Mg含量对Zn-11%Al合金镀层凝固组织和镀层中Fe-Al合金层生长的影响.结果表明：Zn-11%Al合金镀层凝固组织由富Al相和Zn/Al二元共晶组成;随着Zn-11%Al-x%Mg合金中Mg含量的增加,合金镀层的凝固组织中逐渐出现Zn/Al/MgZn2三元共晶、块状 MgZn2相和Al/MgZn2二元共晶.四种合金镀层中合金层主要由Fe2 Al5 Znx和FeAl3 Znx相组成,合金层的厚度随浸镀时间的增加而增加,Mg含量的增加使Fe-Al合金层生长速率指数和生长速率降低.在Zn-11%Al合金镀层中Fe-Al合金层形成的初期,可形成致密稳定的Fe-Al化合物层;热浸镀120 s后,扩散通道的移动使Fe-Al化合物层失稳破裂. Zn-11%Al-x%Mg合金中Mg元素可明显推迟液Zn进入镀层中Fe-Al合金层的时间,使Fe-Al合金层更加稳定和致密.     

Influence of Nd and Y additions on the corrosion behaviour of extruded Mg-Zn-Zr alloys

To improve the corrosion resistance of wrought magnesium alloys through rare earth (RE) additions, the corrosion behaviour of Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-xNd (x=0, 1, and 2; wt%) and Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd-yY (y=0.5 and 1; wt%) alloys in a 5wt% NaCl solution was investigated using immersion test and electrochemical measurements. The results of immersion test show that Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the tested alloys. Electrochemical measurements show that secondary phases in RE-containing Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloys behave as less noble cathodes in micro-galvanic corrosion and suppress the cathodic process. The additions of Nd and Y into Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloy also improve the compactness of the corrosion product film and are beneficial to the corrosion resistance.     

Structure and corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Fe alloys

The microstructure and electrochemical properties of Al–Cu–Fe alloys with the atomic compositions of Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15),Al_(78)Cu_7Fe_(15)and Al_(80)Cu_5Fe_(14)Si_1have been studied.The alloys were produced by induction melting of pure elements with copper mold casting.The microstructure of the alloys was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The formation of quasicrystalline phases in the Al–Cu–Fe alloys was confirmed.The presence of intermetallic phases was observed in the alloys after crystallization in a form of ingots and plates.The electrochemical measurements were conducted in 3.5%NaCl solution.The electronic structure of the alloys was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The post corrosion surface of the samples was checked using a scanning electron microscope equipped with the energydispersive X-ray detector.It was observed that the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy had the highest corrosion resistance.The improved corrosion resistance parameters were noted for the plate samples rather than those in the as-cast state.And the hardness of the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy was significantly higher than the other alloy samples.     

Effect of indium addition on the microstructural formation and soldered interfaces of Sn-2.5Bi-1Zn-0.3Ag lead-free solder

The microstructural formation and properties of Sn-2.5Bi-xIn-1Zn-0.3Ag (in wt%) alloys and the evolution of soldered interfaces on a Cu substrate were investigated. Apart from the relatively low melting point (about 195℃), which is close to that of conventional eutectic Sn-Pb solder, the investigated solder presents superior wettability, solderability, and ductility. The refined equiaxial grains enhance the mechanical properties, and the embedded bulk intermetallic compounds (IMCs) (Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₅Zn₈) and granular Bi particles improve the joint reliability. The addition of In reduces the solubility of Zn in the β-Sn matrix and strongly influences the separation and growth behaviors of the IMCs. The soldered interface of Sn-2.5Bi-xIn-1Zn-0.3Ag/Cu consists of Cu-Zn and Cu-Sn IMC layers.     

热喷涂制备ZnAl涂层防腐性能研究

以锌粉和铝粉为原料,采用热喷涂工艺在A3钢板上制备TJPTZA1、TJPTZA2、TJPTZA3和TJPTZA4涂层.研究了不同涂层以及纯锌、纯铝抵抗海水的腐蚀能力.采用盐雾分析法分析不同涂层的耐腐蚀程度,采用高倍显微镜观察不同腐蚀时间的薄膜表面形貌.结果表明:TJPTZA2、TJPTZA3的耐腐蚀性好于Al和Zn,认为是锌铝合金热喷涂层中的锌铝原子相互作用减缓了氯离子等物质的腐蚀.     

Effect of pickling processes on the microstructure and properties of electroless Ni–P coating on Mg–7.5Li–2Zn–1Y alloy

The electroless plating Ni–P is prepared on the surface of Mg–7.5Li–2Zn–1Y alloys with different pickling processes.The microstructure and properties of Ni–P coating are investigated.The results show that the Ni–P coatings deposited using the different pickling processes have a different high phosphorus content amorphous Ni–P solid solution structure,and the Ni–P coatings exhibit higher hardness.There is higher phosphorus content of Ni–P amorphous coating using 125 g/L Cr O3and 110 ml/L HNO3(w68%)than using 180 g/L Cr O3and 1 g/L KF during pre-treatment,and the coating structure is more compact,and the Ni–P coatings exhibit more excellent adhesion with substrate(Fcup to22 N).The corrosion potential of Ni–P coating is improved and exhibits good corrosion resistance.As a result,Mg-7.5Li-2Zn-1Y alloy is remarkably protected by the Ni–P coating.     

Effects of high-pressure rheo-squeeze casting on the Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys

The effects of high pressure rheo-squeeze casting (HPRC) on the Fe-rich phases (FRPs) and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys were investigated. The alloy melts were first treated by ultrasonic vibration (UV) and then formed by high-pressure squeeze casting (HPSC). The FRPs in the as-cast HPSC Al-17Si-1Fe alloys only contained a long, needle-shaped β-Al₅FeSi phase at 0 MPa. In addition to the β-Al₅FeSi phase, the HPSC Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy also contained the plate-shaped δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase. A fine, block-shaped δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase was formed in the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy treated by UV. The size of FRPs decreased with increasing pressure. After UV treatment, solidification under pressure led to further refinement of the FRPs. Considering alloy samples of the same composition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the HPRC samples was higher than that of the HPSC samples, and the UTS increased with increasing pressure. The UTS of the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy formed by HPSC exceeded that of the Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy formed in the same manner under the same pressure. Conversely, the UTS of the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy formed by HPRC decreased to a value lower than that of the Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy formed in the same manner.     

轧制方式对镁合金生体腐蚀行为的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、浸泡质量损失和拉伸测试等手段研究了轧制方式(常规轧制和一道次高应变速率轧制)对镁合金(纯镁,Mg-4Zn,Mg-4Zn-0.3Ca和ZK60)在Hank’s溶液中腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:与常规轧制态相比,高应变速率轧制态镁合金在长时间浸泡过程中平均腐蚀速率较低,抗拉强度下降幅度较小,耐腐蚀性能明显提高,可归因于晶粒细化、再结晶程度较高、孪晶较少和残余第二相相对粗大等;轧制态合金中第二相较少且较细小,表现为相对均匀的丝状腐蚀.     

锌合金在KOH溶液中的腐蚀性能

采用熔化浇铸的方法制备了一系列Zn-In合金和Zn-Pb合金．通过析氢量气法和动电位极化测量了它们在6mol／LKOH溶液中的腐蚀速度．结果表明,添加少量的In或Pb明显地抑制了Zn腐蚀,并且In的添加效果优于Pb．此外,通过交流阻抗技术对它们在碱性溶液中的腐蚀机理进行了探讨．结果表明,高频时,Zn,Zn-Pb,Zn-In合金的电极过程受电子传递步骤控制;低频时,在Zn,Zn-Pb,Zn-0．01％In合金的电极表面出现吸附现象,而对于含In0．05％或0．10％的Zn电极,扩散传质步骤是速度控制步骤．     

Mg-8Zn-4Al-(0～1)Sr镁合金铸态组织中的第二相研究

通过扫描电镜观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)以及差热分析(DSC)等实验手段,系统地研究了添加微量Sr元素(质量分数0～1%)对铸态Mg-8Zn-4Al(ZA84)镁合金组织中的第二相种类的影响,并阐明了第二相形成与演变的内在机理。实验结果表明:未添加Sr元素的铸态Mg-8Zn-4Al合金组织由Q准晶相和少量Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相组成。添加Sr元素后,合金铸态组织中均存在Al_4Sr和Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相;其中Al_4Sr相随Sr含量增加而增加,Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相随Sr含量增加而减少。在Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相中Sr元素以未固溶和固溶两种形式存在,其中未固溶Sr元素的Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相具有相对较高的Zn原子浓度和较低的Al原子浓度。相关结果将为第二相析出强化型Mg-8Zn-4Al合金的高强化与耐热化设计提供必要的理论支撑。     

Corrosion behavior of Mg–Y alloy in NaCl aqueous solution

The corrosion behavior of Mg–(0.25, 2.5, 5, 8 and 15)Y alloys in 3.5wt.% NaCl aqueous solution was investigated. It was found that the degree of corrosion deterioration increased with increasing immersion time up to 2 h. Corrosion modes for the alloys with low and high content of Y element were general corrosion and pitting corrosion, respective ly, and the threshold content for the corrosion mode change was 2.5% for the tested alloys. The experimental results showed that the addition of Y refined the grain of the alloy, and the distribution, i.e., continuous or not, of the Mg24Y5 phases had great effect on the corrosion rate and corrosion mode.     

Microstructural characterization and hydrogenation performance of Zr_xV_5Fe(x=3-9) alloys

Zr_xV_5 Fe(x=3,5,7,8,9) alloys were designed to investigate the influence of Zr addition on hydrogenation performance.The alloys were prepared by arc melting and then annealed at 1273 K for 168 h.The results showed that the alloys were composed of α-Zr and C15-ZrV2 phases.The cell volume of C15-ZrV_2 phase firstly increased and then decreased as the content of Zr increased,while the reversed trend was found for the cell volume of α-Zr phase,which was related to the stoichiometric ratio of elements.α-Zr phase distributed in C15-ZrV2 phase matrix in Zr_xV_5 Fe(x=5,7,8,9) alloys,among which Zr7 V5 Fe alloy showed the best distribution.The PCT curves of the alloys under 623 K,673 K and 723 K showed that the hydrogen absorption plateau pressure of the phases in different alloys decreased gradually with the increasing content of Zr.However C15-ZrV2 phase in Zr7 V5 Fe alloy had the lowest hydrogen absorption plateau pressure at room temperature,which was consistent with the change tendency of the corresponding cell volume.Moreover,the kinetic curves of hydrogen absorption at 623 K revealed that Zr7 V5 Fe alloy with the smallest average particle size and the largest phase boundary area showed the fastest hydrogen absorption kinetics.Compared with other four alloys(including St707 alloy),Zr_7 V_5 Fe alloy is more suitable for the use of getter.     

热海水中热浸镀用锌及锌铝合金的电化学性能

为了定量比较不同热浸镀层用金属(或合金)在热海水中对钢铁基体的阴极保护作用,参照国标GB/T 17848-1999的要求对几种典型的热浸镀用锌及锌铝合金测试了50℃条件下的恒电流性能,计算了电流效率,观察了腐蚀产物脱落情况及腐蚀均匀性,并据此评价了它们的电化学保护性能.结果表明:Zn的电化学性能最好,Zn-55Al-1.6Si合金的电化学性能最差,Zn-5Al-0.1RE,Zn-5Al-0.5Mg,Zn-6Al-3Mg,Zn-11Al-0.2Si-3Mg,Zn-25Al-0.2Si-0.2Mg和Zn-25Al-0.2Si-0.2RE合金介于二者之间.     

Progress of biodegradable metals

Biodegradable metals(BMs) are metals and alloys expected to corrode gradually in vivo, with an appropriate host response elicited by released corrosion products, then dissolve completely upon fulfilling the mission to assist with tissue healing with no implant residues. In the present review article, three classes of BMs have been systematically reviewed, including Mg-based, Fe-based and Zn-based BMs.Among the three BM systems, Mg-based BMs, which now have several systems reported the successful of clinical trial results, are considered the vanguards and main force. Fe-based BMs, with pure iron and Fe–Mn based alloys as the most promising, are still on the animal test stage. Zn-based BMs, supposed to have the degradation rate between the fast Mg-based BMs and the slow Fe-based BMs, are a rising star with only several reports and need much further research. The future research and development direction for the BMs are proposed, based on the clinical requirements on controllable degradation rate, prolonged mechanical stability and excellent biocompatibility, by optimization of alloy composition design, regulation on microstructure and mechanical properties, and following surface modification.     

Sn-8Zn-3Bi-P无铅钎料微观组织及性能

研究了Sn-8Zn-3B i-xP钎料的抗氧化性、熔点、组织及力学性能.热重分析表明:P元素的加入显著降低了钎料熔体表面的氧化量;采用俄歇能谱分析氧化层的成分和厚度,发现含P的钎料表面形成的ZnO层厚度明显降低,约为80 nm;对合金进行差热分析发现少量P的加入并不改变钎料的熔点和熔程;P的加入对钎料合金的强度几乎没有影响,但却降低了合金的塑性,这是因为含P合金中有粗大的富Zn相形成,断口分析显示在Zn相与Sn相晶界上容易出现裂纹,从而导致钎料的塑性下降.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.