PCR用于孕牛外周血中胎儿SRY序列检测和奶牛早期胚…

根据文献报道的人、鼠，兔ＳＲＹ同源序列设计引物，从 在因组中扩增出一段牛特异的ＳＲＹ序列，对该序列进行克隆测序后高度出一对雄牛特异的ＰＣＲ引物，利用此引物对奶牛早期胚胎细胞和妊娠晚期母牛外周血ＤＮＡ样品进行ＰＣＲ扩增，经分娩牛犊性别验证，本引物能够准确鉴别孕牛外周血中雄性胎儿的ＳＲＹ序列，并且对早期胚胎性别鉴定的准确率８０％。     

性别鉴定的分子生物学技术与ZFY途径

立足性别决定的雄性决定说，综述了三十年来搜寻Ｙ染色体上睾丸决定因子（ＴＤＦ）的进程以及在此理论基础上发展起来的Ｙ－特异ＤＮＡ探针杂交、ＰＣＲ扩增Ｙ－特异ＤＮＡ、ＰＣＲ扩增ＳＲＹ序列、ＰＣＲ扩增ＺＦＹ序列等分子水平性别鉴定技术；比较了各种技术的长处与不足以及采用ＺＦＹ序列进行性别鉴定的优势     

单引物PCR扩增DNA指纹图谱的稳定性研究

以人胶原蛋白基因下游一段ＤＮＡ的互补序列设计引物，对人染色体ＤＮＡ进行单引物ＰＣＲ扩增，在低温退火的条件下，这种引物与ＤＮＡ模板的一处完全配对，并且可以随机地结合在其他一些位置上。由此进行单引物ＰＣＲ扩增，它们的扩增产物形成了稳定的引物－模板特异的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱。本文所建立的单引物ＰＣＲ扩增技术在类似的研究中均可获得稳定的实验结果，具有一定的应用价值。     

利用妊娠奶牛血液快速鉴定不同发育阶段的胚胎性别

采集妊娠奶牛静脉血液，从血浆中提取胎儿DNA，利用牛Y染色体上性别决定基因（sex-determining region Ylinked gene, SRY gene）的特异性序列设计引物，应用巢式PCR扩增SRY基因特异性片段，同时以牛肌动蛋白（β-Actin）特异性片段的扩增产物作为内参照，对32头妊娠奶牛早期胚胎性别进行鉴定。结果表明：从不同妊娠期奶牛血浆中提取胎儿游离DNA进行胚胎性别鉴定的总准确率为80％，其中1～2月龄、2～3月龄、4～8月龄胚胎性别鉴定的准确率分别为60％、85．7％、92．3％。     

牛早期胚胎性别鉴定的PCR方法研究

探讨了ＰＣＲ法鉴定牛早期胚胎性别时所用的引物,反应缓冲液中Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度,循环反应的次数及可能造成污染的各种因素对性别鉴定结果的影响。并对１８个胚胎进行了性别鉴定,移植３８枚性别鉴定后的胚胎,成功产下２头与预测性别一致的牛犊,胚胎性别可鉴率为９４．１％,预测性别符合率为１００％。     

用PCR法检测人巨细胞病毒DNA

用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）法检测患者尿液中人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）ＤＮＡ．结果表明，自行设计合成的引物位于ＨＣＭＶ基因组早期蛋白基因区，经ＰＣＲ仪扩增一段长４３０ｂｐ的特异序列片段，对正常人基因组ＤＮＡ或其它疱疹病毒ＤＮＡ无交叉反应．此法可检测出少至１０－１６ｇ（０．１ｆｇ）的病毒ＤＮＡ．通过对３５份尿液标本的检测，比较ＰＣＲ法和组织培养法的检测结果完全一致     

利用SRY基因鉴定绵羊成纤维细胞性别的研究

SRY是哺乳动物性别决定的重要基因，利用绵羊SRY基因序列设计PCR引物，对绵羊胚胎来源的成纤维细胞提取总DNA进行PCR扩增，鉴定6个不同胚胎来源的成纤维细胞的性别．结果表明，3个有扩增带为雄性，3个无扩增带为雌性，为核移植选取雄性或雌性转基因成纤维细胞提供一项可行的方法．同时提取牛、山羊、小鼠的总DNA，利用绵羊SRY基因引物进行扩增，对SRY基因在哺乳动物中的保守性进行研究．结果表明，绵羊SRY基因保守区外的一对引物对雄性山羊、绵羊、牛及小鼠均能扩增出特异的DNA片段，说明SRY基因序列有很强的保守性．     

水稻热激蛋白基因（HSP70）的PCR法快速分析

通过比较几个已知ＨＳＰ７０的ｃＤＮＡ顺序，用ＰＣＧＥＮＥ软件中的ＰＣＲＰＬＡＮ程序设计出一对简并引物，然后从水稻（广陆矮４号）总ＤＮＡ中扩增出ＨＳＰ７０的基因片段并将其克隆到ｐＢＬＵＥＳＣＲＩＰＴ载体中。在完成了对克隆的序列测定之后，用ＰＣＧＥＮＥ中有关程序对其进行同源分析，并对其他已知的ＨＳＰ７０作了一些分类及分子进化方面的探讨。     

PCR技术检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素D基因

根据金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素Ｄ基因的序列,设计相应的引物,建立检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素Ｄ基因的ＰＣＲ技术。利用该方法可从含有肠毒素Ｄ基因的金黄色葡萄球菌中扩增出ＰＣＲ产物。扩增产物具有特异性,长为３１６个碱基对。经限制性核酸内切酶ＨｈＩⅠ酶切证实扩增产物为ＳＥＤ基因片段。     

用加端PCR技术改造h－IGF－1cDNA

用ＤＮＡ合成仪合成了分别带有ＰｓｔＩ位点和ＳａｌＩ位点及终止密码子的２个用于扩增ｈＩＧＦ－１ｃＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ引物．利用合成的引物，７００ｂｐ长的ｈＩＧＦ－１ｃＤＮＡ模板和Ｔａｑ聚合酶进行ＰＣＲ扩增．扩增产物经电泳鉴定后克隆进Ｍ１３ｍｐ１８载体，进行核苷酸序列分析．结果显示：ＰＣＲ产物含已发表的ｈＩＧＦ－１成熟蛋白的编码序列和５＇端的ＰＳｔＩ位点及３＇端的ＳａｉＩ位点及终止密码ＴＡＧ．用加端ＰＣＲ技术成功地扩增和改造了ｈＩＧＦ－１的编码序列．     

九龙牦牛CAST基因部分序列的克隆及其表达差异研究

根据牛钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白（Calpastatin, CAST） 设计并合成一对引物,从九龙牦牛肌肉组织提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR扩增获得九龙牦牛CAST基因部分片段,利用SQRT-PCR技术检测九龙牦牛各组织中CAST mRNA的表达差异．结果,成功克隆九龙牦牛CAST部分cDNA序列485bp,获得GenBank登录号为FJ483833;用DNAman软件分析发现九龙牦牛CAST基因与普通牛的核苷酸同源性依次为99％;SQRT-PCR组织表达检测表明,CAST基因在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、肌肉、脂肪中均表达,在心脏中表达最高,在脂肪组织中表达最低．     

孕妇外周血中胎儿有核红细胞获取及鉴定的研究进展

从孕妇外周血中获取胎儿有核红细胞是安全、方便,易于被孕妇接受的无创性产前诊断。提取孕妇外周血中胎儿有核红细胞最理想的方法是首先富集孕妇外周血,用胚胎或者胎儿血红蛋白抗体进行标记、识别,应用显微操作技术得到单个有核红细胞,继而扩增单个有核红细胞的基因组DNA,并进一步应用STR连锁分析验证为胎源性,进行遗传病诊断。     

Expression of a candidate sex-determining gene during mouse testis differentiation

The development of a eutherian mammal as a male is a consequence of testis formation in the embryo, which is thought to be initiated by a gene on the Y chromosome. In the absence of this gene, ovaries are formed and female characteristics develop. Sex determination therefore hinges on the action of this testis-determining gene, known as Tdy in mice and TDF in humans. In the past, several genes proposed as candidates for Tdy/TDF have subsequently been dismissed on the grounds of inappropriate location or expression. We have recently described a candidate for Tdy, which maps to the minimum sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome. To examine further the involvement of this gene, Sry, in testis development, we have studied its expression in detail. Fetal expression of Sry is limited to the period in which testes begin to form. This expression is confined to gonadal tissue and does not require the presence of germ cells. Our observations strongly support a primary role for Sry in mouse sex determination.     

Cloning, sequencing and polymorphism analyzing of the exon 4 of the kappa-casein gene in yak

According to the nucleotide sequence of cattle kappa- casein gene, a pair of primers was synthesized to amplify the sequences of the exon 4 and partial intron 4 of this gene in yak. The restriction fragment length polymor¬phisms were identified by the digestions of the PCR product with Hind 111 or Pst I in both populations of cattle and yak, 'but the frequency of the allele and the genotype were significantly different between the two animal populations.     

我国牛科（Bovidae）中3种动物的染色体组型比较分析

比较分析我国牛科中３种动物（即羚牛、绵羊、黄牛）的染色体组型，从染色体数目和形态上比较它们之间的差异，并讨论这３种动物彼此之间的进化亲缘关系和进行杂交育种的可能性，为畜牧育种培养新类型提供细胞遗传学的依据。     

Testis determination requires insulin receptor family function in mice

In mice, gonads are formed shortly before embryonic day 10.5 by the thickening of the mesonephros and consist of somatic cells and migratory primordial germ cells. The male sex-determining process is set in motion by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (Sry), which triggers differentiation of the Sertoli cell lineage. In turn, Sertoli cells function as organizing centres and direct differentiation of the testis. In the absence of Sry expression, neither XX nor XY gonads develop testes, and alterations in Sry expression are often associated with abnormal sexual differentiation. The molecular signalling mechanisms by which Sry specifies the male pathway and models the undifferentiated gonad are unknown. Here we show that the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase family, comprising Ir, Igf1r and Irr, is required for the appearance of male gonads and thus for male sexual differentiation. XY mice that are mutant for all three receptors develop ovaries and show a completely female phenotype. Reduced expression of both Sry and the early testis-specific marker Sox9 indicates that the insulin signalling pathway is required for male sex determination.     

Cloning of a novel gene encoding human thioredoxin-like protein

mRNA differential display (DDRT-PCR) has been used to analyze different human fetal brain tissues of different developmental stages (13- and 33-week). According to the sequence of one EST obtained in this assay, a pair of primers have been designed to screen the arrayed human fetal brain cDNA library. A1 .2-kb cDNA clone has been found. This cDNA consists of an 867 bp open reading frame, a 132 bp 5' untranslated sequence and a 209 bp 3' untranslated sequence with a typical polyadenylation signal. The coding region predicts a protein of 289 amino acids. Its N-terminal of 105 residues is highly homologous to human thioredoxin, while no homology has been found in the databases with its C-terminal of 184 residues. Its N-terminal region also contains the conserved active site sequence CGPC (Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys) of thioredoxin. It was named human Thioredoxin-like gene (hTRXL).     

石刁柏雄性连锁的AFLP及SCAR标记的建立

目的:对石刁柏雌雄株基因组差异进行分析,筛选雄性或雌性连锁的分子标记.方法:利用限制性片段长度多态性技术,设计了多个引物组合,分别对石刁柏雌雄株基因组进行扩增.结果:在使用的72个引物组合中,引物组合E-AAG+M-CAT从雄性基因组中扩增出了一个雄性连锁的标记(MLDA555),该序列长度为555bp,AT含量为59%.Blast检索未发现相似序列.根据该片段序列设计的引物将该标记转化为雄性连锁的大小为523bp的稳定的SCAR标记,经过不同基因型雄性个体的验证证明该标记广泛存在于不同基因型石刁柏雄性个体中.结论:通过AFLP扩增筛选得到了石刁柏雄性连锁的AFLP和SCAR标记,为石刁柏性别决定机制的理解及石刁柏的分子标记辅助育种提供理论资料和技术支持.     

Localization of Sry gene on Y chromosome of Muntjac munticus vaginalis

The chromosomes 1, Y1, Y2 of Muntjac munticus vaginalis were isolated by fluorescence activated chromosome sorting and amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide primed-polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR). A primer pair within human Sry HMG box was designed and the Sry gene of the male M. m vaginalis was amplified. The product was cloned and sequenced. The result proved that Sry is located on chromosome Y2, which is the sex-determining chromosome in the male M. m vaginalis.