人与自然和谐共生现代化评价指标体系构建研究——以福建省南平市为例

以福建省南平市为研究区，采用频度分析和专家咨询法构建了生态保护(B₁)、产业发展(B₂)、乡村振兴(B₃)、文化建设(B₄)、碳汇交易(B₅)、机制保障(B₆)6个一级和30个二级指标体系，利用层次分析法结合TOPSIS法进行人与自然和谐共生现代化发展评价.结果表明，南平市人与自然和谐共生现代化发展综合分值77,处于提高发展T₂阶段，现代化发展排序为乡村振兴(B₃)>生态保护(B₁)>产业发展(B₂)>机制保障(B₆)>碳汇交易(B₅)>文化建设(B₄).各部分的发展不均衡，建议南平市从优化森林管护机制、发展适度规模经营、弘扬优秀生态文化等方面解决发展与保护的问题.     

雪上一枝蒿总生物碱抗关节炎作用机制研究

目的:本实验拟采用角叉菜胶诱导的炎症模型,研究雪上一枝蒿总生物碱对大鼠关节炎的作用机制。方法:选取SD雄性大鼠,随机分为6组,分别为空白对照组,阳性对照组,模型组,雪上一枝蒿总生物碱溶液高、中、低剂量组。连续给药7天,末次给药1 h后用1%的角叉菜胶于大鼠左后足跖中心进行皮下注射致炎,定期测量足肿胀度,测定大鼠关节炎前列腺素E2(PGE-2)及足爪组织环氧合酶-2(COX-2)的含量。结果:雪上一枝蒿总生物碱能明显抑制角叉菜胶所引起的大鼠足肿胀程度,可以显著性抑制环氧合酶-2(COX-2)在炎症中的表达,能显著抑制前列腺素E2(PGE-2)的合成。结论:雪上一枝蒿总生物碱具有治疗关节炎的作用,其机制可能与抑制环氧合酶-2的表达,减少PGE-2的合成有关。     

基于变异系数的模糊物元模型评价阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用

为了筛选阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的有效部位，应用模糊物元模型对阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位抗炎镇痛效果进行综合评价。采用醋酸扭体法、热水缩尾法及热板法，以小鼠足跖肿胀、耳廓肿胀程度考察阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用；用变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对其干预效果进行综合评价；通过计算贴近度比较模型组（M₁）、阳性对照组（M₂）、水提物组（M₃）、乙醇提取物组（M₄）、正丁醇提取物组（M₅）、乙酸乙酯提取物组（M₆）、石油醚提取物组（M₇）的抗炎镇痛效果。结果显示阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位均有抗炎镇痛的效果，但各部位抗炎镇痛效果程度不同；反应不同部位抗炎镇痛总效应的贴近度值从大到小排序为M₆，M₄，M₃，M₅，M₂，M₇，M₁。基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型可筛选出阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的最佳有效部位为乙酸乙酯提取部位，能够客观、科学地评价不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛效果。     

播期和播量对豫南直播稻产量形成特征的影响

为探究播期和播量对豫南直播稻产量和干物质累积的影响，以水稻品种丰优香占为试验材料，设置5个播期处理，即A₁(4月25日)、A₂(5月5日)、A₃(5月15日)、A₄(5月25日)和A₅(6月4日),5个播量处理，即B₁(18.0 kg/hm²)、B₂(22.5 kg/hm²)、B₃(27.0 kg/hm²)、B₄(31.5 kg/hm²)和B₅(36.0 kg/hm²)。结果表明：播期和播量对产量的影响均达到极显著水平；二者交互对产量、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重的影响均达到极显著水平。随着播期的推迟，直播稻产量先增加后减少。在A₁、A₂、A₃、A₄和A₅播...     

柴芩解热颗粒对发热大鼠解热作用及血清TNF-ɑ、IL-1β、PGE2、AVP表达水平的影响

目的 观察柴芩解热颗粒对脂多糖(LPS)致热大鼠的解热作用及血清中肿瘤坏死因子-ɑ(TNF-ɑ)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)及精氨酸加压素(AVP)表达水平的影响.方法 将60只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(生理盐水+灌胃蒸馏水)、模型对照组(LPS造模+灌胃蒸馏水)、小儿柴桂退热颗粒组(LPS造模+灌胃3.6 g/kg小儿柴桂退热颗粒)和柴芩解热颗粒高、中、低剂量组(LPS造模+灌胃2.1 g/kg、1.05 g/kg、0.525 g/kg柴芩解热颗粒),每组10只.直肠测温确定各组大鼠温度变化；腹主动脉取血，分离血清，酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测TNF-ɑ、IL-1β水平；处死大鼠，取下丘脑，检测PGE₂、AVP水平.结果 与模型对照组比较，柴芩解热颗粒高剂量组有显著的解热效果(P<0.01).柴芩解热颗粒高、中、低剂量组均可降低大鼠血清中TNF-ɑ、IL-1β的含量，与模型组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.001);柴芩解热颗粒低剂量组可降低大鼠下丘脑...     

爵床提取物抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的探讨爵床提取物的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用致炎剂二甲苯引起小鼠耳肿胀、新鲜蛋清引起大鼠足跖肿胀2种急性炎症模型以及棉球引起大鼠肉芽肿慢性炎症模型,研究爵床提取物灌胃给药对急慢性炎症的作用。采用热板法、醋酸扭体法和甲醛法致痛,研究爵床提取物灌胃给药的镇痛作用。结果与纯化水对照组相比,爵床醇提取物和水提取物高、低剂量组对致炎剂二甲苯所引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀抑制显著(P 0. 01,P 0. 05),对蛋清所引起的大鼠足跖肿胀抑制显著(P 0. 01),对大鼠棉球肉芽肿抑制显著(P 0. 01)。爵床醇提取物和水提取物高、低剂量组给药后对热板所引起的小鼠痛阈值明显提高,与纯化水对照组和自身给药前比较差异明显(P 0. 01,P 0. 05);爵床醇提取物和水提取物高、低剂量组对致痛剂醋酸所引起的小鼠扭体反应次数明显减少,也明显抑制甲醛所引起的早期(0～5 min)和晚期(15～30 min)小鼠足痛反应,与纯化水对照组比较差异显著(P 0. 01)。爵床醇提取物的抗炎镇痛作用比水提取物强(P 0. 01,P 0. 05)。结论爵床提取物灌胃给药具有一定抗炎、镇痛作用,且醇提取物强于水提取物。     

银杏叶提取物对实验性肝纤维化大鼠COX-2、TNF-α等表达的影响

研究银杏叶提取物(EGb)对CCl_4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化肝组织COX-2、TNF-α及TLR4mRNA表达的影响。采用皮下注射40%CCl_4植物油溶液制备大鼠肝纤维化模型。造模第4周后,开始给药。以高低两个剂量的EGb进行干预,同时设计正常组、秋水仙碱组。每天给药1次,给药期间大鼠仍皮下注射40%CCl_4植物油溶液。给药6周后处死大鼠,通过RT-PCR技术观察大鼠肝组织中COX-2、TNF-α及TLR4 mRNA的表达。RT-PCR结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠肝组织的COX-2、TNF-α及TLR4mRNA表达明显增加(P0.01);银杏叶提取物(EGb)干预组(100,50 mg/kg)较模型组大鼠肝组织的COX-2、TNF-α及TLR4 mRNA表达明显下降(P0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物(EGb)能够抑制大鼠肝纤维化肝组织COX-2、TNF-α及TLR4的表达。     

基于变异系数的模糊物元模型评价阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用

为了筛选阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的有效部位，应用模糊物元模型对阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位抗炎镇痛效果进行综合评价。采用醋酸扭体法、热水缩尾法及热板法，以小鼠足跖肿胀、耳廓肿胀程度考察阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用；用变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对其干预效果进行综合评价；通过计算贴近度比较模型组（M₁）、阳性对照组（M₂）、水提物组（M₃）、乙醇提取物组（M₄）、正丁醇提取物组（M₅）、乙酸乙酯提取物组（M₆）、石油醚提取物组（M₇）的抗炎镇痛效果。结果显示阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位均有抗炎镇痛的效果，但各部位抗炎镇痛效果程度不同；反应不同部位抗炎镇痛总效应的贴近度值从大到小排序为M₆，M₄，M₃，M₅，M₂，M₇，M₁。基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型可筛选出阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的最佳有效部位为乙酸乙酯提取部位，能够客观、科学地评价不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛效果。     

铝热还原制备Ti-6Al-4V合金的热力学和动力学

分别对Al-TiO₂，Al-V₂O₅，Al-V₂O₅-TiO₂及Al-V₂O₅-TiO₂-CaO体系的热力学和动力学进行了研究.结果表明:采用铝粉直接还原TiO₂，V₂O₅粉末制备Ti-6Al-4V合金是可行的.加入CaO会降低体系单位质量反应热，需要补热才能维持反应进行.Al还原TiO₂的反应在951℃发生，表观活化能E₁为166.47kJ/mol，反应级数n₁为0.3982;Al还原V₂O₅的反应在946℃发生，表观活化能E₂为392.72kJ/mol，反应级数n₂为1.0618.Al粉还原V₂O₅和TiO₂制备Ti-6Al-4V合金体系的反应在1019℃左右发生，表观活化能E₃为173.56kJ/mol，反应级数n₃为0.4722;加入CaO后，反应在979℃左右发生，体系表观活化能升高但反应级数降低.这四个体系均属于液-固反应体系.     

具有Beddington-DeAngelis型功能反应函数和线性消耗率的恒化器模型的定性分析

本文研究了一类具有线性消耗率和Beddington-DeAngelis型功能反应函数的恒化器模型。分析了系统平衡点的存在性及局部渐近稳定性, 利用Liapunov-LaSalle不变性原理证明了边界平衡点E₀是全局渐近稳定的。给出了平衡点E₁₀和E₂₀的全局渐近稳定的结论。最后, 对E₀, E₁₀, E₂₀, E_* 4个平衡点的全局渐近稳定性进行了数值模拟。     

铁苋菜抗炎镇痛有效部位的筛选

目的 筛选铁苋菜抗炎镇痛作用的有效部位,并初步探究其作用机制.方法 采用热板和醋酸扭体疼痛模型,考察铁苋菜镇痛作用的有效部位,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿炎症模型,考察铁苋菜抗炎作用的有效部位.结果 铁苋菜乙酸乙酯萃取部位明显延长热板所致小鼠痛阈值和明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数,与正...     

葎草抗炎镇痛有效部位筛选及机制

目的 筛选葎草镇痛抗炎的有效部位，初步探讨有效部位镇痛抗炎的作用机制。方法 采用溶剂萃取法将葎草水提液分离为不同部位；采用小鼠热板和醋酸扭体疼痛模型，筛选葎草镇痛作用的有效部位；采用二甲苯小鼠耳肿胀、大鼠蛋清足跖肿胀2种急性炎症模型以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿慢性炎症模型，筛选葎草抗炎作用的有效部位；检测有效部位对醋酸所致疼痛模型小鼠血清前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）含量以及蛋清所致大鼠足跖炎症组织NO和PGE₂含量的影响。结果 葎草石油醚萃取部位明显延长热板所致小鼠的痛阈值（P < 0.05），明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数（P < 0.05）；葎草石油醚萃取部位明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀（P < 0.05），明显抑制蛋清所致大鼠足跖肿胀和大鼠棉球肉芽肿（P < 0.05）。葎草石油醚萃取部位明显降低醋酸所致疼痛小鼠血清PGE₂、cAMP的含量（P < 0.05），明显降低蛋清所致大鼠足跖组织NO和PGE₂含量（P < 0.05）。结论 葎草的水提液的石油醚萃取部位是镇痛抗炎的有效部位，其镇痛作用机制可能与降低PGE₂、cAMP的含量有关，其抗炎作用机制可能与减少炎症组织NO和PGE₂含量有关。     

A system for screening agonists targeting β2-adrenoceptor from Chinese medicinal herbs

In order to develop a model for screening the agonists of human β₂-adrenoceptor from Chinese medicinal herbs extracts, we used a cell-based functional assay based on a common G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) regulation mechanism and destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein (d₂EGFP) reporter gene technique. The positive cell clone was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and imaging analysis. To assess the value of this model, we screened over 2000 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fractionated samples from the ethanol extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs. Six fractions (isolated from Panax japonicus, Veratrum nigrum, Phellodendron amurense, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Chaenomeles speciosa, and Dictamnus dasycarpus) showed significant effects on active reporter gene expression, three of which (isolated from Phellodendron amurense, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and Chaenomeles speciosa) were selected for further concentration response analysis and the half maximal effective concentration (EC_{1/2 max}) values were 4.2, 2.7, and 4.8 µg/ml, respectively. Therefore, this reporter gene assay was suitable for screening β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. The results suggest that the six herbal extracts are the possible agonists of β₂-adrenoceptor.     

Protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae on the hearts of rats with severe acute pancreatits or obstructive jaundice

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhizae (Danshen) in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)- or obstructive jaundice (OJ)-induced heart injury. Methods: A total of 288 rats were used for SAP- (n=108) and OJ-associated (n=180) experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control, and Salvia miltiorrhizae-treated groups. According to the difference of time points after operation, SAP rats in each group were subdivided into 3, 6 and 12 h subgroups (n=12), whereas OJ rats were subdivided into 7, 14, 21, and 28 d subgroups (n=15). At the corresponding time points after operation, the mortality rates of the rats, the contents of endotoxin and phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) in blood, and pathological changes of the hearts were investigated. Results: The numbers of dead SAP and OJ rats in the treated groups declined as compared with those in the model control group, but not significantly (P>0.05). The contents of endotoxin (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 7, 14, 21, and 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) and PLA₂ (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) in the treated group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Besides, myocardial pathological injuries were mitigated in SAP and OJ rats. Conclusion: In this study, we found that Salvia miltiorrhizae improved myocardial pathological changes, reduced the content of PLA₂ in blood, and decreased the mortality rates of SAP and OJ rats, exerting protective effects on the hearts of the rats.     

Myotoxic activity of a Gln-49 phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake venom

A novel myotoxic protein phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), denoted as Gln49-PLA₂, has been isolated from snake venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis, which has weak lethal effect and apparent anticoagulant activity, but lacks the PLA₂ and hemorrhagenic activity. Gln49-PLA₂ obviously increases of plasma creatine-kinase (CK) upon intramuscular injection in mice, suggesting that it may induce a dose-dependent myonecrosis. Histological studies also reveal morphological changes in mouse skeletal muscles, including extensive myonecrosis, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration in the treated animals. The myotoxic ability induced by Gln49-PLA₂ can be partially inhibited by heparin.     

Myotoxic activity of a Gln-49 phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake venom

A novel myotoxic protein phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), denoted as Gln49-PLA₂, has been isolated from snake venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis, which has weak lethal effect and apparent anticoagulant activity, but lacks the PLA₂ and hemorrhagenic activity. Gln49-PLA₂ obviously increases of plasma creatine-kinase (CK) upon intramuscular injection in mice, suggesting that it may induce a dose-dependent myonecrosis. Histological studies also reveal morphological changes in mouse skeletal muscles, including extensive myonecrosis, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration in the treated animals. The myotoxic ability induced by Gln49-PLA₂ can be partially inhibited by heparin.     

北部湾金黄水母Chrysaora helvola Brandt刺细胞毒液溶血活性

【目的】探讨金黄水母Chrysaora helvolaBrandt刺细胞毒液(nematocysts venom,NV)的红细胞溶血活性特征及可能机制。【方法】通过分光光度法测定红细胞溶解释放血红蛋白的量来确认不同条件和药物对NV诱导红细胞溶血行为的影响。【结果】NV诱导的红细胞溶血与其总蛋白浓度存在依赖关系。溶液pH值、大分子非电解质渗透压保护剂PEGs均能显著影响其溶血活性;非电解质小分子糖类渗透压保护剂D-甘油和D-半乳糖对溶血活性影响很小,但D-葡萄糖能显著延缓溶血。NV同时具有Ca~(2+)依赖的弱磷酸酯酶A2(PLA_2)活性,且受组氨酸烷基化试剂p-BPB抑制。这一PLA2活性可能对其红细胞溶血活性也有贡献。【结论】NV的红细胞溶血活性可能由膜穿孔机制和所含PLA_2酶成分造成,并受到含葡萄糖单元结构的糖受体调节。     

大叶胡枝子根皮提取物抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的探讨大叶胡枝子根皮提取物灌胃给药的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀2种急性炎症模型以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿慢性炎症模型,研究大叶胡枝子根皮提取物灌胃给药对急慢性炎症的作用。采用热板法和醋酸扭体法致痛,研究大叶胡枝子根皮提取物灌胃给药的镇痛作用。结果与模型组相比,大叶胡枝子根皮水提物和醇提物高、中、低剂量组显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀(P 0.01),明显抑制蛋清所致大鼠足跖肿胀(P 0.01),明显抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿(P 0.01)。大叶胡枝子根皮水提物和醇提物高、中、低剂量组给药后明显提高热板所致小鼠的痛阈值,与模型组和自身给药前比较差异显著(P 0.05、0.01);大叶胡枝子根皮水提物和醇提物高、中、低剂量组明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数,与模型组比较差异显著(P 0.05、0.01)。大叶胡枝子根皮水提物的抗炎镇痛作用强于醇提物(P 0.05、0.01)。结论大叶胡枝子根皮提取物灌胃给药具有一定抗炎、镇痛作用,且其水提物强于醇提物。     

Na(THF)2(μ2-η5-Cp)(η5,η5,η1-Cp3Yb)(THF)]n: The synthesis and X-ray structure of an anionic organolanthanidepolymer formed via self-assembly

Cp2Yb·2THF reacts with CpNa in 1：1 molar ratio in THF at 40℃ for 2 h, and the in situ generated anionic divalent complex NaYbCp3（THF）n reacts further with an excess of CpH at 40℃ for 48h, after work-up, affording the trivalent anionic ytterbium complex[Na（THF）2（μ2-η^5-Cp） （η^5, η^5,η^1-Cp3Yb）（THF）]n：（1） by oxidation reaction of Cp2Yb with CpH. Crystal structure determination reveals that complex 1 has one-dimension polymeric chains of distinct Na（THF）2（μ2-η^5-Cp） （η^5, η^5,η^1-Cp3Yb）（THF） units, which were formed by the coordination of the bridging Cp ligand with Cp3Yb＇THF and Na（THF）2 in η^5,η^5 mode via self-assembly.     

Synthesis and forming behavior of aluminium-based hybrid powder metallurgic composites

Aluminium-based metal matrix composites were synthesized from Al-TiO₂-Gr powder mixtures using the powder metallurgy technique and their forming characteristics were studied during cold upsetting. Green cylindrical compacts of pure Al, Al-5wt%TiO₂, Al-5wt%TiO₂-2wt%Gr, and Al-5wt%TiO₂-4wt%Gr were made using a 400-kN hydraulic press equipped with suitable punch and die and by sintering at (590 ± 10)℃ for 3 h. Cold upset forging tests were carried out, the true axial stress (σ_z), the true hoop stress (σ_θ), and the true hydrostatic stress (σ_m) were evaluated and, their behavior against the true axial strain (?_z) was also analyzed. It is observed that the addition of 5wt% TiO₂ into the Al matrix increases σ_z, σ_θ, and σ_m. The addition of both TiO₂ and Gr reinforcements reduces the densification and deformation characteristics of the sintered preforms during cold upsetting. Microstructure analyses of the as-sintered and cold upset forged specimens also were carried out to substantiate the experimental results.