自抗扰控制器在交流伺服系统中的应用

本文以交流伺服系统为被控对象，利用自抗扰控制器对其进行控制，并进行了大量的仿真实验。仿真结果表明，自抗扰控制器具有较强的鲁棒性和适应性．同时也得到了交流伺服系统的一种有效的控制方法。     

生物流化床氨氮废水处理过程自抗扰控制系统研究

内循环三相生物流化床氨氮废水处理过程的时间常数长达1 800 s,并有不确定性,是一类生化机理复杂、难以取得好的控制效果的对象.以该过程的主导数学模型为基础,用仿真方法研究自抗扰控制,以达到在有外扰和内扰时,出水氨氮浓度稳定达标和节能的目的.对控制器进行限幅,并整定一阶自抗扰控制器的各参数,获得给定阶跃和扰动阶跃输入下稳态误差为零、无超调,调整时间小于等于2 000 s的性能,对内扰和外扰都有较强的鲁棒性.自抗扰控制器的这一特性能克服被控对象模型不精确或不确定问题,从而可工程应用于生物流化床氨氮废水处理过程.     

车辆主动悬架舒适性的自抗扰控制

针对现有车辆主动悬架控制方法受模型精度影响较大的不足,提出汽车半车模型主动悬架的自抗扰控制方法,设计了主动悬架的自抗扰控制器。为验证自抗扰控制器的有效性,进行了随机路面输入试验,对比分析了自抗扰控制主动悬架、被动悬架以及LQG控制主动悬架的性能。相对于主动悬架常用控制方法,自抗扰控制器设计不需精确数学模型,干扰的抑制也不需扰动模型,控制方法简单。仿真试验结果表明,在所设计的控制器作用下,质心垂向加速度和前、后悬架动挠度均方根值分别下降39.2%,12.7%和14.9%;自抗扰控制器实现对主动悬架的控制,改善了车辆乘坐舒适性,且性能优于LQG控制。     

基于ADRC的无人机纵向通道控制

根据自抗扰控制器不依赖对象的精确数学模型以及能够对系统模型内扰和外界干扰进行补偿的特点,提出了在无人机纵向通道中引入自抗扰控制器的方法。设计的自抗控制器在不同的飞行状态下,不需要改变控制器参数,就能实现对俯仰指令的精确跟踪控制,以及速度回路与俯仰角回路的解耦控制。仿真结果表明,系统具有良好的动态响应和鲁棒性。     

基于DE算法的自抗扰控制器在并联型APF中的应用

PID控制器难以满足高性能的控制要求,自抗扰控制器不依赖于被控对象的模型,具有很好的鲁棒性、适应性,但其参数众多,不利于设计。本文介绍了自抗扰控制器的结构与工作原理,采用微分进化算法对自抗扰控制器进行参数整定,寻找较优的ADRC参数。在MATLAB/Simulink中,将寻优得到的参数应用于基于自抗扰控制的并联型有源电力滤波器中。静态与动态仿真结果表明,与常规整定方法相比,该方法简单有效,易于操作,提高了抑制谐波的能力,改善了系统的稳态性能。     

基于自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC研究

在传统秒流量AGC控制器的基础上,针对其系统非线性、时变及干扰因素多的特点,提出一种基于改进自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC控制方法。根据某四辊板带冷轧机各部分工作原理及相应的参数建立被控对象模型,并对传统秒流量AGC系统和基于改进自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC系统分别进行仿真分析。结果表明,基于改进自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC系统具有更好的动态响应、鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。     

球磨机制粉系统的线性自抗扰控制

球磨机制粉系统具有大惯性、大时滞和强耦合等特点,很难建立精确的数学模型。本文分析了球磨机制粉系统的动态特性,并为其设计分散线性自抗扰控制方案。该方案综合分散控制和线性自抗扰控制器的优点,结构简单,不依赖于对象精确模型,可以对被控对象中存在的耦合、干扰和不确定性等进行估计并补偿。根据实际现场要求,对球磨机制粉系统进行设定值跟踪实验、输入扰动实验和性能鲁棒性实验,并比较所设计方案与PID方案的控制性能。结果表明,分散线性自抗扰控制具有更强的解耦能力和抗干扰能力,且性能鲁棒性更优。     

四旋翼无人机滑模自抗扰控制

针对四旋翼无人机易受到非线性、多目标以及控制量受限和其他不确定性因素干扰的影响,本文基于自抗扰控制和滑模控制设计了一种滑模自抗扰控制器。在被控对象姿态角速度未知的情况下,该控制器采用扩张状态观测器对无人机的姿态角速度和未知干扰进行观测;再将估计的姿态角速度和干扰用于控制器的反馈和控制量的补偿;最后利用Lyapunov理论证明控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,本文设计的滑模自抗扰控制器可以保证观测误差的快速收敛,实现被观测量的高精度估计;在姿态角速度未知的情况下,仍可保持稳定的姿态控制。     

自抗扰控制器在气压伺服控制系统中的应用

为提高控制系统的鲁棒性,增强干扰抑制能力,提出了适用于气压伺服系统的自抗扰控制器方案,并讨论了控制参数的整定.自抗扰控制器为非线性控制器,由跟踪微分器、扩张状态观测器和非线性状态误差反馈控制律3部分构成.扩张状态观测器可以实时观测系统状态和扩张状态,从而实现全状态反馈及系统不确定性和外扰的补偿控制.自抗扰控制器的设计不依赖于被控系统的精确数学模型,并对内外扰有较强的抑制能力,在整个系统工作区间都有良好的鲁棒性.仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制器对气动伺服系统模型的不确定性以及外干扰的鲁棒性较好,且具有较优的动态性能.     

循环流化床锅炉汽温系统的自抗扰控制

循环流化床汽温系统存在大滞后、大延迟、多时变、非线性等诸多问题,针对含时滞的回路,实施自抗扰控制,设计循环流化床锅炉(CFBB)串级汽温自抗扰控制系统,利用新型自抗扰控制器参数整定方法优化控制器参数,进行跟踪实验、扰动实验和鲁棒性实验。仿真结果表明:自抗扰控制技术能够使CFBB汽温控制系统的动态性能得到改善,过渡过程更加平稳,系统输出几乎没有超调,调节时间缩短,并且自抗扰控制器对被控对象参数变化有较好的性能鲁棒性。本文方法的有效性和适用性,为提高循环流化床锅炉汽温控制系统的控制品质提供新的思路。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.