水葫芦与猪粪好氧厌氧交替堆肥特征研究

为探讨好氧厌氧交替条件下水葫芦与猪粪堆肥的特征,将水葫芦、猪粪与木屑以1．7：1．0：0．3（质量比）的比例混合均匀,进行为期56天交替式好氧厌氧堆肥化处理．试验研究了堆肥过程中温度（T）、含水率（Mc）、pH、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、C／N、水溶性铵态（NH4＋-N）、挥发性固体（vs）、总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的变化特征．结果表明,与堆肥原料相比,好氧厌氧交替堆肥化使堆料TOC、TN及vs分别下降了47．91％、25．00％及19．32％．经测定,56天后堆料腐殖质含量为6．52％,表明交替好氧厌氧堆肥化能同时实现水葫芦与猪粪的减量化与资源化．     

交替好氧厌氧堆肥化对城市污泥重金属的影响

为探讨交替好氧厌氧堆肥化过程中城市污泥重金属含量和化学形态的变化规律，以城市污泥为主，混以一定量的城市有机垃圾，控制含水率在60％左右、C／N质量比为30～40，进行为期60天的交替好氧厌氧堆肥处理．结果表明：Cu、Ni、Cd、Cr、Pb的含量均有不同程度降低，zn的含量稍有上升，但均低于国家污泥农用标准．重金属的化学形态分布发生了较大变化，其中可交换态Cu、Ni、Cd、Cr和Pb所占比例和含量均出现明显下降．可交换态Zn所占比例下降，含量略微增加．说明交替好氧厌氧堆肥处理降低了城市污泥与城市有机垃圾农用对土壤和水体的重金属污染风险．     

餐厨垃圾和污泥联合好氧堆肥中的氮素转化及损失

采用强制通风静态好氧堆肥工艺,对餐厨垃圾和污泥进行联合堆肥化处理,探究二者不同配比对堆肥氮素转化及氮素损失的影响.以w(C)/w(N)=15~40的5组餐厨垃圾和污泥作为堆肥基质,以木屑作为调理剂进行堆肥试验.结果表明:所有堆体温度均先升高后降低,最高温度为78℃,w(C)/w(N)越高,堆体的最高温度越低,且达到最高温度的时间越长,pH先降低后升高至8.5趋于平缓,总有机碳质量分数不断降低.各堆体全氮和有机氮质量分数先升高后显著降低,铵态氮质量分数先增加后略有减少,硝态氮质量分数很低且变化不大.二者联合堆肥中氮损失27.8%~48.4%,且与投加的污泥含量呈正相关关系,氨挥发占氮损失的52.6%~80.4%,氨挥发是氮损失的主要途径,且随着堆体w(C)/w(N)的增加呈减少趋势.     

餐厨垃圾高温好氧堆肥小试研究

为了探明餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥反应机理,优化堆肥工艺,用餐厨垃圾和锯末为原料,以质量比为3∶1的比例混合后进行小规模高温好氧堆肥研究.通过测定堆料中的水溶性C/N、pH值、温度、含水率和总有机碳下降率来推断反应进行的程度.试验表明,本装置可使堆肥顺利升温,最高温度达到60.5℃,并且高温期(>50℃)持续6 d,所得堆肥产品的理化性质和卫生指标符合国家相关标准.堆肥环境温度为40℃,初始堆料含水率为55%较为适宜.     

城市污水厂污泥堆肥技术研究进展

城市污水厂污泥由于产生量大且成分复杂,如何对它进行稳定化、无害化处理已越来越受到人们的关注。将污泥进行堆肥化处理是污泥资源再利用的前提和有效手段。本文对污泥好氧堆肥的系统分类、影响因素、腐熟度评价指标等进行综述,并简要指出了今后的研究方向。     

城市污水厂污泥堆肥技术研究进展

城市污水厂污泥由于产生量大且成分复杂,如何对它进行稳定化、无害化处理已越来越受到人们的关注.将污泥进行堆肥化处理是污泥资源再利用的前提和有效手段.本文对污泥好氧堆肥的系统分类、影响因素、腐熟度评价指标等进行综述,并简要指出了今后的研究方向.     

采用石灰预处理和二级生物工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的小试研究

采用石灰预处理＋厌氧／好氧一级生物处理＋缺氧／好氧二级生物处理的组合工艺，并在二级生物处理系统中投加硅藻土形成生物硅藻土处理垃圾渗滤液．结果表明：投加硅藻土，可提高二级生物处理系统的活性污泥浓度，降低污泥有机负荷，从而达到较好的NH3-N去除效果．经本组合工艺处理，NH3-N去除率达到97％左右，出水NH3-N浓度为15mg／L左右．     

微好氧条件下好氧颗粒污泥的培养

在微好氧条件下(曝气槽中溶解氧量在0．2～0．7mg／L之间)对好氧颗粒污泥的培养进行了研究．以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥，考察了培养过程中厌氧污泥外观、尺寸、反应器中絮状污泥的MLSS(混合固体悬浮物)、SV(污泥体积)、SVI(污泥体积指数)和VSS(挥发性固体悬浮物)，以及颗粒化污泥体积的变化．发现培养5d后，厌氧颗粒污泥完全解体，培养10d后出现新的颗粒污泥，培养40d后污泥完全颗粒化．培养成熟的颗粒污泥呈浅褐色，粒径主要集中于500～3000μm之间，SVI达18．147mL／g，比重达1．020g／cm^3，含水率(质量分数)达95．7％，有机组分的质量分数达74．1％，沉降速率达52m／h，各项指标均优于普通活性污泥和常规曝气条件下培养的好氧颗粒污泥．     

好氧颗粒污泥对有机物吸附性能的影响因素

为了寻找好氧颗粒污泥系统最佳运行参数,为好氧颗粒污泥在实际废水中的应用提供理论依据,在实验室条件下,采用静态吸附方式,从环境条件、污水特性及好氧颗粒污泥特性三方面探讨了好氧颗粒污泥吸附有机污染物的影响因素及影响程度。结果表明:静态吸附时间为24 h、p H为7.0~9.0、温度为25~35℃、搅拌强度为150 r/min、废水质量浓度为1 500 mg/L、污泥粒径为0.3~1.0 mm、污泥质量浓度为3 000 mg/L、EPS含量>195.08 mg/g VSS时,好氧颗粒污泥对有机污染物的吸附性能最优。     

污泥掺入钢渣堆肥化对重金属Pb,Cu的形态影响

实验通过木屑调节污泥的w(C)/w(N),采用好氧堆肥实验,研究污泥掺入钢渣堆肥化前后Pb,Cu总量及形态分布变化,探讨污泥掺入钢渣堆肥化的可行性以及钢渣最优掺入比.结果得出:污泥掺入钢渣堆肥化后,并未增加重金属的质量分数,却能明显改变重金属的形态结构,有利于重金属由生物活性高的形态向低的转化;结合污泥堆肥有机质的质量分数,同时得出污泥掺入钢渣堆肥化有利于重金属生物有效性抑制的合适比例:Pb的为14%,Cu的为7%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.