改进混和遗传算法优化城市给水系统调度模型

以给水调度系统的能源费用为目标函数，在给出24h用水量预报、供水泵站的机组配置、水库初始和最终水位、电费价格和给水管网的水力学约束条件下，通过引入改进混合遗传算法优化方法对该系统模型进行优化调度，以追求能量费用最小的运行状态．同时，该模型还给出了泵站运行时水泵机组的优化组合．通过算例证明了该模型方法的有效性．     

陕西交口抽渭多级泵站优化调度研究

泵站工程对工农业生产的发展有着非常重要的作用。根据泵站优化调度数学模型求解方法,结合交口灌区泵站的实际情况,采用动态规划和模拟技术相结合的方法以总能耗最小为目标函数建立数学模型,模型采用站内机组的优选和多级泵站系统的优化进行求解,用动态规划法确定每级泵站的机组最优开机组合,然后模拟了系统的运行,计算出各级泵站之间的优化水位组合,对交口灌区多级泵站实施优化调度,经实践研究表明,模型是可行和实用的。     

考虑变频调速时泵站优化调度的改进遗传算法

采用遗传算法对有部分变频调速机组的泵站进行优化调度计算，并对遗传算法进行改进，克服了遗传算法的早熟收敛问题。仿真研究表明，优化效果比传统遗传算法好。     

城市多水源供水系统一级优化调度模型及求解

针对南京市多水源复杂供水系统,建立了以运行费用为目标函数的一级优化调度模型,并采用遗传算法对其进行求解.优化调度结果表明:各泵站供水量、供水压力及A,B测压点的压力在满足用户供水要求的情况下得到了优化,调速泵站的调速作用得到了充分发挥,各泵站供水量得到了重新分配,供水压力及管网测压点的压力随之发生了变化,优化后的压力普遍变小且随时间变化较优化前平稳;为多水源供水系统一级优化调度提供了可行方法,并为泵站二级调度创造了条件.     

用"动态规划法"优化调度梯级泵站机组

泵站的节能是泵站经济运行至关重要的课题,对其进行优化调度是节约能源并发挥泵站工程最大效益的有效途径。本文研究泵站优化调度的"动态规划法",建立优化调度数学模型,编写VisualBasic求解程序,以总能耗最低为目标模拟梯级泵站实际运行工况,研究了某梯级扬水泵站运行优化问题。     

国内泵站优化调度研究的发展现状

随着泵站工程的发展,我国泵站的优化调度研究也逐步深入。本文分别对单级泵站和梯级泵站优化调度研究的状况进行了综述,对系统分析、神经网络、模糊理论等在优化调度研究中的应用进行了介绍,并分析现有研究所存在的问题,对该研究领域的发展前景进行了分析和预测,指出随着最优化理论和方法的日益成熟,模糊理论、灰色理论、神经网络等计算方法将越来越多的应用于泵站优化调度中。     

人工免疫算法在引水工程中的应用

当前,跨流域调水工程的泵站在运行调度中普遍存在效率低、能耗大的一系列问题,随着我国调水工程建设的增多,针对泵站的优化调度节能降耗越来越受到水利部门的重视。传统的优化调度中采用的动态规划法已经不能很好的解决多约束条件下的泵站优化调度,本文通过人工智能领域的成熟技术一人工免疫算法解决非线性的泵站优化调度问题,由于人工免疫算法具有良好的鲁棒性、智能性、收敛性等特性,在求解泵站总耗能最小的数学模型中体现了很好的效果。     

梯级泵站优化调度研究

梯级泵站能耗大,对其进行优化调度,节能效果显著。结合一梯级泵站的实际,建立了级间无分水任务的梯级泵站优化调度的动态规划数学模型,给出了优化调度图。阐明了改善级间流量配合是提高梯级泵站效率、降低供水能耗的主要途径。     

供热机组的热电负荷分配

根据供热机组的基本特性，将复杂的供热机组按照供热循环和凝汽循环划分为一定数目的简单等效机组，为了能更准确地描述机组的热力特性，采用考虑辅助汽水系统的单元进水系数法来确定机组的特性方程，然后建立相应的机组热电负荷分配的混合整数线性规划优化模型．实例证明，通过划分等效机组建立的负荷优化调度模型可靠性强，计算时间短，可以实时指导热电厂的最佳经济运行，不需投资仅通过优化调度就可使燃料消耗量约降低1%～3％．     

江都四站站内多机组变角优化运行方式研究

以南水北调东线源头泵站江都四站为例,建立了考虑峰谷电价的站内多机组日变角优化运行非线性规划模型.以站内机组耗电费用最少为目标函数,时段为阶段变量,水泵叶片角、开机机组台数为决策变量,日抽水量为约束,采用动态规划逐次逼近的方法,对江都四站进行计算分析,确定了不同水量约束条件下泵站机组的开机台数与水泵叶片角.结果表明,该模型可有效解决站内机组优化运行问题,效果良好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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