高温超导涂层导体的最近进展和新兴技术（英文）

YBCO涂层导体比其他实用超导材料具有巨大的优势和发展前景,近年来激发了世界范围的研究热潮和该领域技术的快速进步.首先对YBCO涂层导体的典型结构和规模制备的两种技术路线进行简要介绍,其次介绍世界各地YBCO涂层导体研发的当前状态和发展,包括当前主流研究机构和他们采用的技术路线情况.更多关注我国在简化缓冲层结构和减少低成本、化学溶液法的热解时间等方面的努力和代表性工作.还将介绍为提高YBCO涂层导体的在场特性而发展起来的人工磁通钉扎方法,包括通过纳米颗粒而优化磁通钉扎的情况.最后我们对涂层导体和其他超导材料的电力应用进行举例说明,如:电力电缆、发电机、变压器、强磁体等示范案例概述.     

铁基超导体的单晶生长及磁通动力学研究进展

铁基超导体具有上临界场高、临界电流密度大且各向异性小等优点,在超导强场磁体、可控核聚变、粒子加速器等国计民生领域具有重要的应用前景.对铁基超导体磁通动力学的研究,一方面可以进一步加深对磁通物理学的认知,同时也可为设计制造性能优异的铁基超导材料提供技术支持.本文首先简要介绍了典型铁基超导单晶材料的合成技术,包括熔融法、助熔剂法、化学气相输运法、热液法等;然后分别从铁基超导体的磁通及磁通晶格结构、磁通钉扎及磁通动力学等方面简要总结了相关研究进展.     

Y-211与Y2O3掺杂的熔融织构YBCO的超导钉扎效应及微结构研究

采用顶部籽晶熔融织构法,结合Y_2O_3和Y-211掺杂制备了高质量的准单畴YBCO块材.Jc测量结果表明,对于Y_2O_3掺杂的YBCO块材,其临界电流密度Jc在10K温度和0.6T磁场下达到1.60×10~6A/cm~2,用合作钉扎理论可推得,其在70K温度和2T磁场下为1.24×10~4/cm~2。扫描电镜观察结果表明,掺杂Y_2O_3所形成的Y-211粒子是柱状的,而掺杂Y-211在母体材料中是球形的,其尺寸接近纳米粒子。掺杂Y_20_3比Y-211更能增强磁通钉扎效应并有效地改善样品的生长状况。Y-211粒子与超导母体材料之间的界面对磁通钉扎起主要作用,Y-211粒子作为强钉扎中心属于界面钉扎。     

二维Josephson结阵列的钉扎及棘轮效应

利用电阻分流结动力学数值模拟了二维Josephson结阵列在六角点阵钉扎下系统的磁通分布,通过测量钉扎强度-电压关系,得到该超导系统的电阻随着钉扎强度增加而减小的规律.同时进一步研究了三角状的非对称钉扎势所产生的棘轮效应.     

MOD-REBCO高温超导涂层导体的人工磁通钉扎及其调制进展

在过去的20年, REBCO(REBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ, RE=Y,稀土元素)涂层导体被认为是最具应用潜力的超导材料之一.虽然其性能上的研究取得了很大的进展,但仍需要在REBCO薄膜中人工引入有效的磁通钉扎中心以满足更高的在场性能需求.元素掺杂是引入人工磁通钉扎中心常见的手段.在金属有机沉积(Metal-organic Deposition,MOD)制备的REBCO薄膜中,传统元素掺杂引入的异质元素以离子形态分散于前驱薄膜中并在高温过程中以离子扩散的形式生成对应的异质相,一般较难控制其生长、尺寸和分布等.在MOD路线中可采取如中温处理、超薄层涂敷和多元掺杂等多种手段对异质相进行优化,但作用较有限.基于对引入的异质相尺寸和分布上的高要求,采用预先制备特定尺寸的纳米晶后再添加REBCO的技术路线能很好地解决传统元素掺杂遇到的问题,能获得含有尺寸可控的弥散分布纳米晶的REBCO纳米复合薄膜.调整预制条件可得到尺寸在3–15 nm范围内的BaMO₃(M=Zr, Hf)纳米晶,经过改性后,单分散于REBCO前...     

铁基超导线材实用化研究进展

铁基超导体是一种新型的实用化高温超导材料,具有极高的上临界场、高转变温度、较小的各向异性、高传输电流密度等优点,能够采用成本较低的粉末装管法制备成超导线带材.目前,通过引入轧制织构和加压烧结致密化等工艺,铁基超导带材的传输临界电流密度在10 T磁场下已超过105A/cm2的实用化门槛,表明其在强电高场领域具有较强的应用潜力.与带材相比,线材具有更加对称的截面形状,能够更方便地进行电缆绞制,从而降低导线的电磁耦合效应,提高载流的均匀性和稳定性,满足高场应用需求.本文对铁基超导线材的发展与现状进行评述,对线材制备过程中的前驱粉制备、冷加工工艺、热处理技术等进行系统介绍,并对影响线材传输性能的微观结构和磁通钉扎特性进行详细阐述,其中包括不同金属包套的线材以及多芯线材.最后,对铁基超导线材的研究进行总结,并对未来的发展趋势进行展望.     

扫描隧道显微谱仪对超导磁通芯子态的研究进展

磁通是第Ⅱ类超导体中的重要量子现象,对磁通物理的研究无论是对非常规超导机理问题还是超导应用都有着重要的意义.扫描隧道显微镜/谱仪是研究材料表面形貌结构和局域电子态密度的重要手段,在超导研究方面有着重要和不可替代的作用.在磁通研究方面,扫描隧道显微镜/谱仪能够直接测量得到磁通芯子的形状和磁通的分布情况.本文针对扫描隧道显微镜/谱仪可以研究的磁通芯子附近态密度分布问题,重点对超导体中拓扑平庸的磁通芯子态的研究进展进行总结.     

高温超导材料研究进展

超导技术是当下的高新技术之一，对于超导材料的研究一直处于现在进行时.临界温度下的超导材料表现出优异的零电阻特性，能量损耗相对于常规导电材料大幅降低，具有非常高的应用价值.以超导材料发展的时间线为线索，回顾高温超导材料的研究历程.在综合整理国内外研究论文的基础上详细阐述BSCCO、YBCO、铁基超导、MgB₂、有机超导体的发展历程、发展现状以及各自特性，并展望超导材料的发展前景.     

超导磁浮交通研究进展

超导磁浮交通具有无接触摩擦磨损、运行速度高、环境友好、安全可靠等优点,是先进轨道交通技术的典型代表。基于钉扎效应的高温超导磁浮列车与以超导磁体作为车载动子的电动磁浮列车是超导磁浮交通的主要形式.文中分别详细介绍了高温超导磁浮列车与电动磁浮列车各自结构原理及发展历程,并总结了这两种典型超导磁浮交通形式的主要优缺点.目前超导磁浮交通总体朝向"高速"方向发展,结合真空管道的高温超导磁浮以及利用高温超导磁体取代低温超导磁体的电动磁浮将是未来高速交通的主要选择.     

YBCO超导块材超导性能高温失超及恢复

研究了经过高温热处理而失去超导电性的YBCO(Y-Ba-Cu-O)超导块材经过后氧化热处理恢复其超导性能的可行性,为YBCO超导块材的连接奠定基础。对原始YBCO块材、热处理后YBCO块材及后氧化热处理YBCO(块材和粉末)的超导性能、微观组织及物相变化进行了分析。结果表明:采用常规顶部籽晶熔融织构生长法制备的YBCO块材经过高温热处理后会完全失去超导性;经过后氧化热处理后,其超导性能得到恢复。高温热处理并未改变块材的织构特征,而其晶体结构由正交结构转变成四方结构,从而失去超导性能;经过后氧化热处理,其晶体结构又由四方结构转变为正交结构,完全恢复了超导性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-