再生丝素固体的微细结构

研究了蚕丝丝素水溶液经不同方式干燥后，所得到的再生丝素固体的微细结构，以及存放过程中丝素的结构变化，指出经30℃热风干燥或经高于－20℃冷冻干燥后，所得到的丝素固体的结构是无定形和Silk I共存，在室内温度湿度环境中存放后，部分无定形结构转化为Silk I；蚕丝丝素水溶液经－80－－20℃冷冻干燥后，所得到的丝素膜的结构主要是无定形，含少量Silk II，存放过程中部分无定形结构转化为SilkI；室温放所自然形成的丝素凝胶中，丝素的结构是无定形和Silk Ⅱ共存；丝素水溶液表面膜中甘氨酸和丙氨酸的含量较高，表面膜的结构主要是Silk I和Tilk Ⅱ结晶度高。     

明胶/丝素共混多孔膜的制备

采用冷冻干燥法制备明胶与家蚕丝素的共混多孔蛋白膜，探讨了交联剂用量，共混比例及冷冻温度对膜结构和性能的影响，指出戊二醛对共混多膜具有明显的交联作用，膜内丝素与明胶的相容性较好，蛋白质的结构以无定形为主，通过与明胶共混，能够改善多孔丝素膜的拉伸性能。     

多孔柞蚕丝素支架的制备及其在药物缓释中的应用

采用冷冻干燥法制备了多孔柞蚕丝素支架,分析了丝素溶液浓度与支架孔径、孔隙率之间的关系,并研究了多孔柞蚕丝素支架负载5-氟尿嘧啶的缓释性能.研究表明,当丝素浓度较低时,支架中的孔洞分布较为均匀,孔径和孔隙率也较大,而随着丝素溶液浓度增大,支架的孔径和孔隙率逐渐减小;支架的药物释放过程可分为快速释放和缓慢释放两个阶段.     

腐蚀因素对去合金化法制备纳米多孔铜材料结构的影响

采用电弧熔炼与去合金化相结合的方法制备纳米多孔铜.用XRD、SEM分析样品的相组成和微观形貌.研究去合金化中的腐蚀液种类、腐蚀时间以及腐蚀温度等腐蚀环境对纳米多孔铜结构的影响.结果表明:在盐酸溶液中自由腐蚀去合金化可得到孔结构均匀的纳米多孔铜;随着腐蚀时间的延长,孔结构有显著变化,腐蚀3h后得到纳米多孔铜孔结构呈蜂窝状,腐蚀10h后得到双连续结构的纳米多孔铜,随着腐蚀时间的延长,孔径增大且孔壁逐渐粗化;随着温度升高纳米多孔铜双连续结构的孔径逐渐增大,45℃时则形成纳米颗粒聚集的孔结构.通过调整去合金化工艺,厚度约1mm的Mn-Cu薄片在0.3mol/L HCl溶液中,于35℃腐蚀10h得到的纳米多孔铜呈均匀的三维网络状结构,平均孔径尺寸约150nm.     

基于阳极Al_2O_3的非涂覆式金属基体整体催化剂载体的制备

通过草酸溶液中的二步氧化法制备多孔阳极Al_2O_3(PAA)膜。在保持金属一体化结构下,考察阳极氧化条件(电压、时间、电解液浓度及温度)对多孔Al_2O_3膜的结构特性的影响。在80℃下对PAA膜进行水热处理1.5h并在500℃下焙烧3 h。结果表明:孔径和膜厚随电压(或电解质浓度、阳极氧化时间)增加呈线性增长,孔径(或膜厚)和电解液温度呈指数型关系,孔密度和电压关系亦然;另一方面,氧化时间、电解液温度、电解液浓度对孔密度几乎没影响;平板的表面积最大可提高到3 200倍,提高电解液的温度被认为是扩大表面积最有效的方法。水热处理后表面积可以从13.5 m~2/g增加到180.3 m~2/g,并将无定形骨架Al_2O_3转变为γ-Al_2O_3。通过阳极氧化-水热处理-焙烧制得的锯齿状蜂窝体与商业的堇青石蜂窝体相比,比表面积略高,有更大的开孔率和更轻的质量。     

蚕丝蛋白/明胶多孔肝组织支架的制备及性能研究

采用冷冻干燥法制备了蚕丝蛋白/明胶多孔支架,并分别在-20℃和-70℃预冻,以观察支架的微孔结构,测量支架的孔隙率、溶胀吸水性及力学性能,研究HepG2细胞在支架中的生长增殖情况.结果表明:随预冻温度降低,支架的孔径减小且微孔分布更加均匀,孔隙率及力学性能均得到提高.细胞培养结果显示:随预冻温度降低,支架的细胞贴壁率减...     

改进溶剂浇铸/粒子沥滤法制备聚ε-己内酯组织工程支架

对经典的溶剂浇铸／粒子沥滤法进行适当改进，结合致孔剂直接黏结工艺制备三维多孔聚ε-己内酯（PCL）组织工程支架材料.以氯化钠为致孔剂，利用预成型-真空浇铸-脱溶荆工艺制得支架材料．对支架的微结构、孔径、孔隙率和亲水性等性能进行表征．结果表明，黏结工艺中加入水量在2％～8％时都可形成均匀多孔黏结结构，且支架孔隙率几乎不变；支架孔径基本分布在10～80μm；孔隙率可达（89±1）％；采用抽真空与加热相结合的脱溶荆工艺可以提高孔隙率．制得的PCL支架厚度2〉5mm且为三维高孔隙率海绵体结构，可适用于软组织工程的修复．     

真空烧结制备三维通孔不锈钢泡沫材料

采用真空烧结制备具有三维通孔网状结构的316L不锈钢泡沫材料,研究烧结温度和保温时间对不锈钢泡沫材料的表观密度、开孔孔隙率、抗弯强度、抗氧化性等方面的影响。研究结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,泡沫材料的表观密度和线收缩率增大,抗氧化性能提高,开孔孔隙率减小;随着烧结温度的升高,泡沫材料抗弯强度明显增大,但当烧结温度超过1 260℃,由于液相的产生,使其抗弯强度降低;随着保温时间的延长,不锈钢泡沫的表观密度、线收缩率和抗弯强度增大,开孔孔隙率降低;前驱体在1 260℃温度下烧结60 min,可制得孔径为1 mm左右、具有良好三维通孔结构的不锈钢泡沫,该泡沫的开孔孔隙率为81.4%,抗弯强度达56.8 MPa。     

大孔径多孔氧化铝膜的制备

本文使用磷酸和草酸的混合溶液为电解液,在90V电压下,控制电解液温度在5～10℃制备了平均孔径高达200nm,开孔密度为1.7×109pores/cm2的多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）膜。与使用单一酸为电解质相比,使用混合酸制备大孔径氧化铝膜所需的电压较低,电流密度较小,对氧化温度的要求也不苛刻。     

热处理对多孔SiO2块材结构和性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯、聚乙二醇和乙醇等为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了固定化酶用的块状多孔SiO2,着重研究了不同热处理温度下材料的红外光谱、孔径分布和水热稳定性.结果表明:600℃热处理后可有效去除残余有机物,形成无定形硅氧网络结构,并得到细孔比表面积为392m2/g、孔容积为0.93 cm3/g、平均孔径为17 nm的圆柱状多孔SiO2;但经800℃以上热处理后多孔材料的体积密度显著增加、开口气孔率和比表面积急剧减小.600℃热处理的多孔材料在80℃热水中浸泡72 h后,氧化硅溶出率小于2%,细孔比表面积减少小于7%,显示出较好的水热稳定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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