Induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and lipoxygenase in cotton seedlings by mechanical wounding and aphid infestation

It has been suggested that infestation of plants causes increases in the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and lipoxygenase (LOX), key enzymes in the phenolic compounds synthesis pathway and the octadecanoid pathway, respectively. The purpose of this work is to investigate whether the infestation of cotton aphid （Aphis gossypii） and mechanical wound can cause the induction of PAL and LOX activities in cotton seedlings, and whether the induction occurs in healthy seedlings growing nearby the attacked ones. The specific activities of PAL and LOX were measured using spectrophotometric method after aphid infestation and mechanical wounding. Result indicated that PAL activity and LOX activity were greatly induced by mechanical wounding and aphid infestation in cotton seedlings. The induction of PAL and LOX occurred not only in wounded and infested seedlings but also in intact healthy seedlings growing nearby. After exposed to the aphid infestation-induced volatiles, the specific activity of PAL in cotton seedlings increased by 6% at 24 h, 80% at 48 h, 235% at 72 h compared to the control, and the specific activity of LOX increased by 18% at 24 h, 34% at 48 h, 24% at 72 h, respectively. In comparison, the specific activity of PAL in unwounded seedlings exposed to wound-induced volatiles increased by 0.0 at 24 h, 200% at 48 h, 164% at 72 h, respectively and the specific activity of LOX increased by 28% at 24 h, 37% at 48 h, 8% at 72 h, respectively. It suggests that the induced volatiles are involved in plant-plant communication as airborne transferred signals.     

Neuronal growth inhibitory factor inhibits pheochromocytoma PC12 in vitro

Neuronal growth inhibitory factor (GIF), named Metallothioneins-Ⅲ (MT-Ⅲ), is the first protein validated to be capable of inhibiting the growth of neurons in nervous system. We have detected the effects of recombinant GIF on the growth of neuroblastoma SY5Y and pheochromocytoma PC12 by the MTT (Thiazolyl blue) reduction assay. Recombinant GIF inhibited PC12 in vitro; the inhibitory rate was about 25% when GIF was at 100 mg/L; and the inhibitory rate was about 50% when GIF was at 300 mg/L. It is shown that PC12 could serve as a proper model for detecting neuronal growth inhibitory activity of GIF. Recombinant GIF did not inhibit neuroblastoma SY5Y in vitro, a common model of neuroma; it is also shown that GIF could not inhibit neuromata extensively. The reason for GIF inhibiting PC12 may be that PC12 have some properties of cholinergic neuron. It must play an important role in discovering the mechanism of GIF’s neuronal growth inhibitory activity.     

The neuroprotective effect of L-Theanine and its inhibition on nicotine dependence

The benefits of tea for human health are widely accepted all over the world. L-Theanine, a nonprotein amino acid found in tea plants, is the major tea component that contributes to the unique pleasing taste of tea. L-Theanine has been shown to promote relaxation, enhance cognitive performance and act antagonistically against the excitement induced by caffeine. Recently, it was found that L-Theanine had inhibitory effect on nicotine dependence. This paper reviews the neuroprotective properties of L-Theanine and discusses the inhibitory effects of L-Theanine on nicotine dependence.     

Effects of heat treatment on structures and properties of high speed steel rolls

The effects of quenching temperature, cooling pattern, temper temperature and temper times on the structure and properties of high speed steel (HSS) rolls have been investigated. The results show that, when the quenching temperature is lower than 1050℃ the hardness of HSS increases with the quenching temperature increasing in oil cooling, but when the quenching temperature exceeds 1100℃ the hardness decreases. In the conditions of salt bath cooling and air cooling, the effect of quenching temperature on the hardness is similar to the above law, but the quenching temperature obtaining the highest hardness is higher than that in oil cooling. When the temper temperature below 350℃ the hardness of HSS has a little change, when above 475℃ the hardness will increase with the temper temperature increasing, and the highest hardness is obtained at 525℃. When the temper temperature continues to increase, the hardness decreases. Twice temper has little effect on the hardness, but three times temper decreases the hardness.HSS in air cooling has lower hardenability, oil cooling can easily produce crackle, and HSS quenching in salt bath has high hardenability and excellent wear resistance.     

Characterization,gene cloning and expression of new xylanase XYNB with high specific activity

Extracellular xylanase XYNB from Streptomyces olivaeeoviridis A1 has been purified and characterized.The optimal pH value and temperature of XYNB for its activity are 5.2 and 60℃, respectively. The specific activity of XYNB is as high as 2869.78 U/mg. Metal cations, EDTA and SDS have no effects on enzyme activity of XYNB. The gene xynB coding mature protein of XYNB has been cloned by PCR. The forward oligonucleotide primer used in the PCR reaction was synthesized based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of XYNB mature protein, and the reverse oligonucleotide primers are random oligonucleotide. The cloned gene xynB is 576 bp long and its G C content is 64.3%. The xynB encodes 191 amino acid residues, and the putative molecular weight of XYNB is 20.839 kD. The xynB has been expressed in E. coli, and the expressed xylanase has normal bioactivity.     

Upregulation of annexin A5 affects the biological behaviors of lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro

Annexin A5 is a Ca2＋-dependent phospholipid- binding protein and protein kinase C inhibitory protein. It has a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflam- mation, growth and differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the expression of this protein in lung tumor tis- sues and subsequently established a NCI-H520 cell line that stably expresses the wild-type ANXA5 gene to deter- mine the effects of annexin A5 upregulation on the cell morphology, proliferation and metastasis potential in vitro. The effects of annexin A5 on NCI-H520 cells were tested by crystal violet staining, CCK-8 assay, scratch wound assay, and Transwell assay. The expressions of Akt, PCNA, vimentin, and E-cadherin were examined by Western blot assay. In this study, we demonstrated that annexin A5 is expressed at lower levels in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Additionally, the upregu- lation of this protein may inhibit the proliferation, migra- tion, and invasion abilities of NCI-H520 cells in vitro. Thetransfected cells were arrested in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle, and the expression levels of Akt, PCNA and Vimentin were downregulated, while E-cadherin was upregulated.     

Using the biomarker bonded on the asphaltenes for biodegraded oil-source correlation

Ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation(RICO)has been used to investigate asphaltenes from three oils with the same origin in the Juquan Basin and three oils with the same origin but with different degree of biodegradation in the Turpan Basin,Northwest China.The preliminary results showed that the biomarkers bonded on the asphaltenes with the same origin is similar and is correlated with the free biomarker in saturates.The bonded biomarkers have no relationship with the biodegradation.An application on the severely biodegraded oils is reported here.The biomarker and benznecarboxylic methyl esters reflecting t eh structure of the asphaltenes after RICO should provide a new way for oil-source correlation and it should be specially useful for severely biodegraded oil-source correlation.     

Amyloid β-protein differentially affects NMDA receptor- and GABAA receptor-mediated currents in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons

Although the aggregated amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in senile plaques is one of the key neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), soluble forms of Aβ also interfere with synaptic plasticity at the early stage of AD. The suppressive action of acute application of Aβ on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) has been reported widely, whereas the mechanism underlying the effects of Aβ is still mostly unknown. The present study, using the whole-cell patch clamp technique, investigated the effects of Aβ fragments (Aβ25–35 and Aβ31–35) on the LTP induction-related postsynaptic ligand-gated channel currents in isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons. The results showed a rapid but opposite action of both peptides on excitatory and inhibitory receptor currents. Glutamate application-induced currents were suppressed by Aβ25–35 in a dose-dependent manner, and furtherN-methyl-D aspartate(NMDA)receptor-mediated currents were selectively inhibited. In contrast, pretreatment with Aβ fragments potentiated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced whole-cell currents. As a control, Aβ35–31, the reversed sequence of Aβ31–35, showed no effect on the currents induced by glutamate,NMDAor GABA. These results may partly explain the impaired effects of Aβ on hippocampal LTP, and suggest that the functional down-regulation of NMDA receptors and up-regulation of GABAA receptors may play an important role in remodeling the hippocampal synaptic plasticity in early AD.     

Ribozyme probe based on molecular beacon for real time monitoring of enzymatic cleavage process

Ribozyme probe based on molecular beacon (MBR) for monitoring enzymatic cleavage process in real time is designed and studied. The approach relies on ribozyme substrates modified at the two arms, with a fluorescent moiety attached to the end of one arm and a non-fluorescent quenching moiety attached to the end of the other arm. MBR is employed to directly convert the cleavage information into fluorescence signal in real time. Compared with traditional approach, this method provides a no-radiolabeling, sensitive and effective way to research on the ribozyme activity, enzymatic dynamic process and ribozyme function during gene therapy. The activity of the ribozyme against hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) is studled based on this assay.     

Modulation of neuronal activity of cerebellar fastigial nucleus by locus coeruleus stimulation in the rat

The effects of stimulating locus coeruleus (LC) on neuronal activity of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) was investigated. Stimulation of LC elicited inhibitory, excitatory and biphasic (inhibition-excitation) responses from FN cells. The majority of responsive cells showed an inhibitory response with a latency of less than 10 ms. Injection of α adrenoreceptor antagonists phentolamine (ⅳ) could block the inhibitory response of FN cells to the LC stimulation, but propranolol (ⅳ), a β adrenoreceptor antagonist, could not. These results suggest that LC-cerebellar noradrenergic afferent fibers may be involved in the cerebellar sensorimotor integration process by exerting their modulatory action on the cerebellar nuclear cells' activities.     

紫茎泽兰等几种植物提取物对两种农业害螨的毒力作用研究

紫茎泽兰等几种植物的乙醇提取物对农业上重要的两种害螨(二斑叶螨和柑橘全爪螨)具有很高的触杀作用和一定的拒食作用。经回归和相关分析，处理浓度与作用效果(触杀和拒食)相关性都达到显著水平。相同条件下，DMRT法检验证明，紫茎泽兰提取物对柑橘全爪螨和二斑叶螨的触杀效果最好，在稀释1000倍后，对柑橘全爪螨仍有73．53％毒杀效果，对二斑叶螨也有29．17％的毒杀效果。紫茎泽兰对二斑叶螨的卵具有较好的触杀作用。     

西宁地区小麦蚜虫与蚜茧蜂的种群数量消长初步研究

西宁地区麦蚜有翅蚜产生的两个高峰分别在6月上中旬和7月中下旬，百茎蚜量分别为33和219头；三种麦蚜7月中旬达到高峰，其中麦二叉蚜发生量最大，其次为麦长管蚜，禾谷缢管蚜最少，百茎蚜量分别为8169头、5974头和248头。蚜茧蜂的发生在7月中旬达到高峰，百茎僵蚜量536头，但仍不足以控制麦蚜的危害。     

Expression and inhibitory activity analysis of a 25-kD Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor in rice

Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors (BBI), belonging to serine protease inhibitors, are well-studied storage and defense proteins widely existing in both dicoty- ledonous and monocotyledonous plants[1―3]. In dicoty- ledonous plants, the BBIs are about 8-kD p…     

天葵几种粗提物对菜青虫、小菜蛾的拒食活性筛选

本文研究报道了天葵几种粗提物对菜青虫、小菜蛾的拒食活性筛选。经石油醚、氯仿、丙酮粗提物的拒食活性比较,结果表明石油醚粗提物的拒食效果较好,石油醚粗提物经进一步分离得油状和结晶粗提物,二者经拒食活性比较,结果表明石油醚油状粗提物的活性较强。     

天葵石油醚油状粗提物对菜青虫、小菜蛾的拒食活性研究

研究报道了石油醚油状粗提物对菜青虫、小菜蛾的拒食作用。结果表明石油醚油状粗提物具有明显的拒食活性,对菜青虫、小菜蛾幼虫的选择性拒食作用中浓度AFC50分别为1.51mg/mL、1.82mg/mL;非选择性拒食作用中浓度AFC50分别为1.94mg/mL、4.78mg/mL。8mg/mL处理后24h对试虫的选择性拒食率分别为89.17%、82.41%;非选择性拒食率分别为75.68%、67.05%。     

壳聚糖的抑菌作用及其稳定性研究

研究了壳聚糖对食品中常见微生物的抑制作用,结果表明:3种不同分子量的壳聚糖(50 kD,100kD,200kD)对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、短小棒状杆菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌等所有被试菌都有明显的抑制作用,随分子质量增大,壳聚糖的抑菌作用逐渐减小,相应最小抑菌浓度在0.5 g/L以上.同时探讨了壳聚糖抑菌作用的稳定性,结果表明壳聚糖的热稳定性良好,环境中的金属离子对壳聚糖的抑菌性能有一定的影响.     

油梨不同部位总酚含量、抗氧化及抗菌活性

【目的】研究油梨(Persea americana Mill.)不同部位(果皮、果肉、果核、叶子)50%(V/V)甲醇提取物的总酚含量、抗氧化及抗菌活性,并分析总酚含量和抗氧化活性间的相关性。【方法】采用福林酚(Folin-Ciocaltea)法测定总酚含量,DPPH·(1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基)自由基清除法测定抗氧化活性,SPSS 19.0双变量相关分析法分析总酚含量与抗氧化活性间的相关性,纸片法测定抗菌活性。【结果】油梨果皮的总酚含量最高,果核和叶子次之,果肉的最低。果皮、果核和叶子均具有较强的清除DPPH·自由基的能力,果肉的则相对较弱。4个部位清除DPPH·自由基能力与其所含的总酚含量存在显著的正相关关系,相关系数r值达0.983,即抗氧化能力随总酚含量的增加而增强。油梨皮和核部位对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)有抗菌作用,但对白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)没有抑菌作用。【结论】油梨具有较强的抗氧化活性和一定的抗菌活性,为更好地综合开发和利用油梨提供理论依据。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵液的抑菌活性及抗氧化作用

以尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型病原菌为指示菌,利用平板对峙法、牛津杯法等方法,探究解淀粉芽孢杆菌SJ100001对尖孢镰刀菌的拮抗作用、SJ100001菌株抑菌活性成分的来源、SJ100001菌株发酵液的最佳发酵条件及其理化稳定性;通过DPPH自由基清除能力和还原力的测定,探究SJ100001菌株发酵液的抗氧化活性.结果表明,...     

半枝莲抗菌活性及其有效部位研究

目的研究半枝莲不同粗提物的体外抗菌活性,并初步确定其抗菌活性有效部位。方法采用甲醇冷浸法、乙醇热回流法及微波萃取法提取粗提物,96孔板培养法测定不同粗提物对的体外抑菌活性;将提取物分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和水萃取得到不同极性的萃取物组分,通过比较其抑菌活性初步确定半枝莲的抗菌有效部位。结果三种提取方法中,微波萃取法浸膏得出率最高;半枝莲的各粗提物对普通菌在2 mg/mL下未见抑制活性,但对耐甲氧西林金葡菌(ATCC33591和43300)半数抑制浓度(MIC值)达到2mg/mL;粗提物的萃取组分尤其是乙酸乙酯相,表现出广谱抗菌活性,其对各种菌株的半数抑制浓度大多在0.5～2 mg/mL范围,石油醚相对变异链球菌的抑菌活性较强,MIC值达到0.125 mg/mL。结论半枝莲具有广谱的抗菌活性,尤其是对耐药菌表现出较好的抗菌活性,并且初步确定抗菌有效部位为乙酸乙酯相,这为半枝莲抗菌应用的下一步研究奠定了基础。     

3株拮抗内生放线菌的鉴定及其抑菌活性初步研究

对分离自江西东乡野生稻根部的3株内生放线菌进行鉴定和抑菌活性研究,根据菌株的形态与培养特征、生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析,将菌株FRo1、FRo2和FRo3分别鉴定为委内瑞拉链霉菌、娄彻氏链霉菌和肉质链霉菌.采用管碟法和菌丝生长速率法分析菌株拮抗病原细菌与病原真菌的活性.结果表明:菌株FRo1发酵液对所有测试细菌均有抑制作用,显示较广谱抑细菌活性; 菌株FRo2显示出较强抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和7种病原真菌的活性,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌直径为22.33 mm,对小麦赤霉、水稻纹枯病菌、车前草核盘菌及胶胞炭疽菌的抑制率分别为70;、45;、58;和65;; 而菌株FRo3发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及伤寒杆菌表现出不同程度的抑制,除车前草核盘菌外对所测试的病原真菌均有抑制活性,但抑制率均低于50;,这些菌株抑菌效果良好,显示出较好的生防潜力.