约束条件下CFRP筋单轴抗压性能试验

对约束条件下3种直径的碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)筋进行单轴抗压性能试验,分析筋材长细比、直径对抗压强度、极限应变及抗压弹性模量的影响.结果表明:CFRP筋为典型的脆性材料,其破坏形态主要有剪切破坏、劈裂破坏、压碎破坏、屈曲破坏;直径相同的CFRP筋的抗压强度、极限应变及抗压弹性模量均随长细比的增大而降低;当长细比一定时,CFRP筋的极限应变随直径的增大而降低,但直径的变化对抗压强度和抗压弹性模量的影响甚微.     

预制裂隙几何参数对类岩材料破坏模式及强度的影响

采用岩石力学伺服试验机,对混凝土材料预制裂纹试件进行单轴压缩试验,根据试验结果分析裂隙参数(裂隙倾角和岩桥倾角)对试件破坏模式和试件单轴抗压强度的影响规律。研究结果表明,当以岩桥倾角分组时,60°岩桥倾角试件组单轴抗压强度最小;当以裂隙倾角分组时,75°裂隙倾角试件组单轴抗压强度最大。裂隙参数变化对于试件的破坏模式及其单轴抗压强度影响显著,并且不同破坏模式中起主要影响作用的参数不同。对于预制裂隙贯通破坏的试件,其微裂纹的搭接贯通模式及试件的单轴抗压强度主要受岩桥倾角影响;对于单裂隙微裂纹贯通破坏和无微裂纹发育的整体脆性破坏的试件,其破坏模式及单轴抗压强度则主要受到裂隙倾角的影响。     

岩石强度特性的单轴压缩试验研究

以宜兴抽水蓄能电站所提供的岩芯为例，对该电站岩芯的强度特性进行研究，依据单轴压缩试验结果分别提出了风干状态下岩石的单轴抗压强度与高径比，自然状态、饱和状态下岩石的单轴抗压强度与横断面积之间的非线性关系，该式可以很方便地在有关工程中为相似岩石估算其强度值提供参考。     

基于单轴测试法的硫化矿石结块特性检测

基于COSTT单轴测试法,提出一种改进的用于检测硫化矿石结块特性的单轴测试法.采用该方法对冬瓜山铜矿硫化矿石试件施以不同荷载并设置对照组进行比较.在恒温恒湿条件下,用单轴测试仪测力环的变形值表示试件抗压强度,并就矿石结块特性与结块时间及荷载关系进行分析.研究结果表明:当结块时间相同时,荷载越大,单轴测试仪测力环变形值越大,试件抗压强度越高,即结块强度越大;当荷载相同时,结块时间越长,测力环变形值越大,试件抗压强度越高,即结块强度越大;实验结果与实际结果相吻合,证明了该方法应用于检测硫化矿石结块特性的可行性.     

细基江蓠繁枝变型（新变型）Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et xia f.liui Zhang et xia f.nov.的生长与比重的关系

本文报导了细基江蓠繁枝变型(新变型)的生长与比重的关系，细基江蓠繁枝变型生长的适宜比重为1．005—1．015，最适宜的比重为1．010。比重在1．020以上时，生长下降。细基江蓠繁枝变型的小枝(长为1cm和3cm)也是在1．010时生长最好。但1cm小枝的增长率和单应长度上长出的分枝数目、长度都比3cm的小枝好。     

单轴压缩下石灰岩损伤统计本构模型与试验研究

基于岩石应变强度理论和岩石强度的Weibull分布假设,引出能合理描述岩石微元强度的参量,采用损伤力学理论,建立了能够反映残余强度的单轴压缩下岩石损伤统计本构理论模型．并利用伺服控制试验系统(RMT-150B)对石灰岩进行了单轴压缩试验,得到合理的石灰岩损伤统计本构关系,并验证了理论模型。     

低温冻结条件下板岩破坏类型及单轴抗压强度试验研究

为揭示低温冻结作用对板岩破坏类型及抗压强度的影响,采用DX-40型低温数控试验箱、DNS100微型控制电子万能试验机进行7种不同层理倾角β和6种不同试验温度t的单轴压缩试验,对其应力-应变曲线以及单轴抗压强度、峰值应变、破坏类型的变化规律进行分析。在JAEGER层理面理论的基础上,建立以冻结温度和层理倾角为控制变量的单轴抗压强度公式,给出影响板岩破坏类型的2个极限角度β1和β2的表达式,并通过试验结果验证强度公式的正确性。研究结果表明:受低温冻结作用的影响,板岩的单轴抗压强度随温度降低呈指数增加;板岩的单轴抗压强度随倾角增加先减小后增大;在低温冻结条件下,板岩的破坏类型有3种,即当0°≤β27.0°时,板岩沿与竖直轴线呈一定角度的方向发生剪切破坏;当27.0°≤β≤82.7°时,板岩沿层理面发生剪切破坏;当82.7°β≤90.0°时,板岩沿垂直方向发生劈裂破坏。     

结构用GFRP筋受压力学性能试验

对3种不同直径的结构用玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)筋开展受压力学性能试验,研究筋材的长细比、直径对其抗压强度、峰值应变及压缩弹性模量的影响.结果表明:GFRP筋是典型的脆性材料,其破坏形态主要有压碎破坏、劈裂破坏和屈曲破坏;随着长细比的增大,GFRP筋的抗压强度、峰值应变及压缩弹性模量均明显降低,其中,由于试件G8-11发生屈曲破坏,直径8 mm试件各参数的减幅最为明显,约为直径10,12 mm试件减幅的3倍;随着直径的增大,GFRP筋的抗压强度、峰值应变显著下降,但直径变化对筋材压缩弹性模量的影响较小.最后,将试验结果与现有文献结果进行对比,二者吻合较好,表明文章的试验方法具有一定的合理性和参考价值.     

压杆过屈曲分析中轴线无伸长假设的定量讨论

基于轴线可伸长杆的过屈曲精确数学模型，采用打靶法对两端简支压杆过屈英行为进行了数值分析，定量地给出了杆的轴向变形与其长细比之间的关系，并指出轴线不可伸长假设随着杆长细比的不断增大而趋于合理，当长比趋于无限大时，假设精确成立。     

岩样单轴抗压强度区间估计分析

基于岩石单轴抗压强度为正态分布随机变量,利用数理统计理论对岩样单轴抗压强度置信区间、置信度等问题进行了系统的分析研究,整理并推导出了岩样单轴抗压强度"区间估计指标"的理论计算公式,并分析了岩样单轴抗压强度样本均值、样本标准差、总体均值置信区间、总体标准差置信区间等与岩样数量之间的关系,最后利用前人试验数据进行了验证应用与分析。结果表明:现有"单值点指标"方法给出的数据"信息不足",导致不同试验条件下得到的各组试验数据之间的横向比较的可靠性得不到保证,而"区间估计指标"可克服其不足,且在岩样数量较小时仍可使用,只是其置信度会较低(置信区间宽度会较大);当岩样数量较小时,样本标准差的波动性比样本均值的波动性约高一个数量级,样本标准差的随机性与离散性更大且达到收敛稳定所需的岩样数量也更大;岩样单轴抗压强度的"区间估计指标"置信区间、置信度等与岩样数量、岩样非均质性、岩样强度分布的随机性等有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-