GPCR高度保守位点与二聚化功能

G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors,GPCRs)是具有7个跨膜螺旋的蛋白受体,根据其序列的相似性以及与配基的结合情况,共分为五个亚家族,是人体内最大的蛋白质家族,也是重要的药物靶标.它的结构与功能的研究对于新药的开发、研制以及推动医药领域的发展起着举足轻重的作用.     

G蛋白偶联受体研究进展

G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）是体内最大的蛋白质超家族，根据结构的同源性，主要分为A、B、C3族．GPCRs配体的多样性决定配体结合域的多样性．受体分子内相互作用力的破坏、质子化、构象改变、与G蛋白的偶联及受体二聚化参与了GPCRs的活化过程，近年发现GPCRs的失敏和内吞对受体功能调节亦非常重要，本文拟综述以上内容的研究进展．     

嘌呤受体P2Y在免疫应答中的功能研究进展

P2Y受体是嘌呤受体当中的一个小家族,属于GPCRs(G-protein coupled receptors)代谢型受体,通过选择性结合胞外核苷酸分子如ATP、ADP、UTP、UDP和UDP-glucose而激活。P2Y受体在全身各组织细胞中广泛表达,调控了细胞的多种生理功能。随着研究的深入,发现P2Y受体及其胞外核苷酸分子在免疫应答过程中亦发挥着重要的调控作用。     

甘蓝型油菜过氧化物酶的生物信息学分析

目的 分析甘蓝型油菜的过氧化物酶(Peroxiredoxin, PRDX)家族成员的生物学信息，以期为油菜及相近植物中PRDX的酶学特征及植物抗氧化的分子机制研究提供依据.方法 利用生物信息学方法，分析NCBI(National Center for biotechnology information)数据库中注册的7种油菜PRDX蛋白质的理化性质、信号肽、磷酸化位点、糖基化位点、蛋白质二级结构、三级结构及系统进化特点.结果 甘蓝型油菜PRDX蛋白质比较稳定；氨基酸序列中无信号肽，且不是分泌蛋白；该家族蛋白质中存在较多潜在糖基化位点和磷酸化位点；蛋白质二级结构、三级结构预测结果显示其结构具有极大相似性，且主要以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主；系统进化树将该家族成员分为了两个亚家族.结论 本研究为进一步探索植物PRDX家族的生物学功能提供了参考依据.     

水稻DUF642家族基因的鉴定及在非生物逆境中的表达分析

DUF(domain of unknown function)家族,是指含有未知功能域的蛋白质家族,在植物生命活动中发挥着重要的调控作用. DUF642是其中一个高度保守的植物特异性的未知细胞壁相关蛋白家族,参与调控植物的生长发育以及逆境响应.在水稻全基因组内对DUF642家族成员进行了鉴定,并对其染色体定位、进化关系、基因结构、蛋白结构和启动子顺式作用元件等进行了系统的分析.结果显示,水稻DUF642基因家族有6个成员,分布在1号、3号、4号、7号染色体上.系统发育进化树分析可将6个水稻DUF642蛋白分为3个亚组,基因结构和蛋白结构保守基序分析都表明水稻DUF642家族成员在进化上具有较高的保守性.启动子顺式作用元件预测以及非生物逆境诱导表达模式分析表明,OsDUF642家族基因在水稻响应非生物逆境胁迫中具有重要作用.以上结果加深了对植物DUF642基因家族的认识,并为进一步阐明OsDUF642基因家族成员在水稻抵御非生物逆境中的生物学功能提供了参考依据.     

视黄酸受体γ基因的研究进展

对视黄酸受体家族、视黄酸受体γ基因和视黄酸受体γ同工型基因的结构以及视黄酸受体γ的表达与调控等方面进行了综述．     

GPR50生物学功能研究进展

G蛋白偶联受体50(G protein-coupled receptor, GPR50)是属于G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs)超级家族的一类跨膜蛋白,与Mel1c受体同源,介导跨膜转运和信号传递,在神经系统发育、能量代谢调节及糖皮质激素受体信号等多种生理活动中发挥重要作用,同时也是阿尔茨海默病、肝癌等疾病的潜在生物学标志物,阐明GPR50的生理功能有助于为相关疾病治疗的进展、预后和发展提供可能方向.近年来,随着GPR50潜在作用不断被发现,其涉及的生理功能也不断被拓宽.详细介绍了GPR50的分子结构特征,总结了近年来GPR50的生物学功能研究进展,为GPR50的进一步研究提供参考.     

促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)结构与功能及其受体的进化发展

促性腺激素释放激素是下丘脑分泌产生的神经激素,对脊椎动物生殖的调控起重要作用.自1971年从猪和羊的脑分离出GnRH以来,到目前GnRH家族至少已有24个类型,其中14种来自脊椎动物,10种来自无脊椎动物.除章鱼GnRH(octo GnRH)外,所有的GnRH肽都由10个氨基酸组成,其分子长度和部份氨基酸序列非常保守.每种脊椎动物都产生多种GnRH类型.无脊椎动物鉴别的10种GnRH类型、9种来自被囊类,1种是由12个氨基酸组成的章鱼GnRH.生理学研究表明GnRH和无脊椎动物的生殖功能有密切联系;此外,GnRH在一些无脊椎动物还起着性外激素的作用,刺激它们自行产卵.自克隆小鼠GnRH受体转录物以来,已在22种动物克隆32个GnRH受体cDNA,其中11种是哺乳动物,11种是其他脊椎动物.无脊椎动物只在果蝇鉴别出一种类GnRH受体.以鱼类为例,氨基酸序列分析表明鱼类的GnRH-R属于G-蛋白偶联受体家族(GPCRs)中视紫红质亚族中的β-亚群,它们由3个主要功能域组成,包括N-端细胞外功能域,7个跨膜功能域和C-端细胞质功能域.系统发生分析表明鱼类的GnRH-R主要有两个类型,即Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型;每个类型还包括2到3个亚型.编码不同的GnRH-R类型的基因,具有不同的基因结构.GnRH-R基因的表达主要集中在生殖系统及相关的器官与组织,但每种鱼类GnRH-R的不同类型与亚型在组织或细胞中的具体分布有所不同.     

估计一个蛋白质家族属于一个新折叠子的概率

关于蛋白质家族、结构和新功能的统计推断是应用数理统计的一个前沿交叉研究方向.本文以蛋白质结构分类数据库SCOP和序列分类数据库Pfam为基础,结合SCOP数据库的动态信息,我们估计出覆盖当前Pfam数据库所需的折叠子总数;通过SCOP中新增家族在Pfam中的对应家族所属的折叠子是否已知为先验信息构建贝叶斯模型,估计了不同规模的Pfam家族贡献新折叠子的概率分布.     

欧洲山杨bHLH转录因子家族全基因组分析

为了研究欧洲山杨中bHLH转录因子家族成员的分类和进化,分析其在干旱胁迫应激中可能行使的功能,本研究利用多种生物信息学手段从全基因组水平鉴定和解析欧洲山杨bHLH转录因子,并对干旱胁迫下的欧洲山杨根部转录组进行分析.结果显示,欧洲山杨的基因组中有167个bHLH转录因子家族蛋白.通过与拟南芥bHLH蛋白序列进行系统发育分析将其分为15个亚家族,并推测出39个PtbHLH的功能,这些功能表明bHLH转录因子家族涉及到欧洲山杨生长发育的多个生理过程.基因结构和motif分析显示,同一亚家族中几乎所有的PtbHLH都有相似的外显子/内含子排布和蛋白质motif结构.此外,利用RNA-seq数据分析干旱胁迫处理下PtbHLH基因的表达情况,筛选出4个潜在的bHLH抗旱蛋白.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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